ライフサイエンスコーパス: RRV

1 RRV gene segment 4 plays a significant role in governing

2 RRV replication was significantly rescued in IFN types I

3 RRV T48 carrying the six nonsynonymous DC5692 nucleotide

4 RRV trafficking was reduced by an inhibitor of the dynei

5 RRV vIRF R6 can inhibit the induction of IFN by IRF3; ho

6 RRV VP4 reduced murine RV infectivity only slightly; how

7 RRV-infected hOBs produced high levels of inflammatory c

8 RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) loads in skeletal muscle tissue, but no

9 RRV-treated KO mice demonstrated significantly fewer cyt

10 RRV-treated KO mice expressed significantly less integri

11 RRV-TV in a 2-dose schedule with the first dose during t

12 RRVs also have dominant effects on canonical pathways re

13 RRVs have a convincing preference for replicating in tum

14 intravenous inoculation of two Mamu-A*01 (+) RRV-naive rhesus monkeys.

15 Stat1-/- mice with rhesus rotavirus type A (RRV) on postnatal day 1 induced a prominent Th2 response

16 sia, a characteristic pathology during acute RRV infection that often develops into more severe lymph

17 D8(+) T cells contribute to control of acute RRV infection.

18 We found that acute RRV infection induces activation of CD8(+) T cell respon

19 vaccine trials, the present DNA-MVA-VSV-Ad5-RRV-DNA regimen resulted in comparable levels of Env-bin

20 In addition, RRV(prop) was a predictor of sugar intake but not of tot

21 Gene segment 3 did not affect RRV infectivity in vitro but altered its in vivo effect.

22 latory T cells (Tregs) at baseline and after RRV infection compared to WT mice.

23 aggravated bile duct injury at 12 dpi after RRV inoculation, as plasma bilirubin levels were elevate

24 0 expression limits immune responses against RRV at early times postinfection and also impacts viral

25 ent of protective antibody responses against RRV.

26 Unfortunately, nearly all RRV-infected pups succumb by day of life 14.

27 Ig-alpha(-/-) RRV-infected mice had significantly increased disease-fr

28 Thus, in this study we generated an RRV-TUCH rotavirus reassortant (designated as T(R(VP2,VP

29 lineate the immunomodulatory mechanism of an RRV vIRF and its ability to assist the virus in rapid im

30 4)), where gene 4 from TUCH was placed on an RRV background, eliminated the ability of RRV to cause m

31 HHV-8 and RRV encode homologues of CD200, termed vCD200, which are

32 Both HHV-8 and RRV encode viral CD200 (vCD200) molecules that are homol

33 ues and prevented dissemination of CHIKV and RRV at early time points.

34 ments suggest that IRF-1 restricts CHIKV and RRV infection in stromal cells, especially muscle cells,

35 robust ISG transcription.IMPORTANCE KSHV and RRV encode a unique set of homologs of cellular IFN regu

36 KSHV and RRV engage cellular receptors from the Eph family via th

37 MneRV2 and RRV belong to the rhadinovirus 2 (RV2) rhadinovirus line

38 espite the attenuated phenotype, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) loads in tissues of wild-type and Rag1(

39 n agreement with these findings, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) loads were similar in mice deficient in

40 Both monkeys responded with an anti-RRV antibody response, and quantitation of RRV DNA in pe

41 y cytokines and earlier induction of an anti-RRV T cell response compared to wild-type RRV infection.

42 s, and despite the appearance of strong anti-RRV antibody responses in immunized monkeys, anti-Env an

43 y IRF3; however, it is not known whether any RRV vIRFs inhibit ISG induction following IFN receptor s

44 eins of CHIKV and ONNV (E2 K200R) as well as RRV (E2 K251R) allowed for escape from clearance and enh

45 I IFN, was also inhibited following WT(BAC) RRV infection.

46 osome clone of wild-type RRV(17577) (WT(BAC) RRV) to generate a recombinant virus with all 8 of the v

47 o RRV than in cultures infected with WT(BAC) RRV.

48 igates the basis for the interaction between RRV and human host cells (tumor versus nontumor) in vitr

49 atment with PPS reduced the severity of both RRV- and CHIKV-induced musculoskeletal disease, includin

50 Here, we demonstrate a strategy employed by RRV to ensure rapid inhibition of virus-induced type I I

51 le to be examined in vivo is that encoded by RRV.

52 lasts (hOBs) can be productively infected by RRV.

53 Eph family receptors in B cell infection by RRV in vivo and have implications for the development of

54 Inhibition of IFN induction by RRVs and the reduced response to IFN should facilitate t

55 In HEK293 cells, RRVs exhibit a dominant toxic gain-of-function phenotype

56 In contrast, RRV-T48 E2 Y18H replicated more efficiently than RRV-T48

57 hat the ability of CD8(+) T cells to control RRV infection is tissue dependent.

58 uggest that the type I IFN response controls RRV infection in a tissue-specific manner and that speci

59 s were utilized to predict the corresponding RRVs, which consequently explained the outcome of glycos

60 nonsynonymous DC5692 nucleotide differences (RRV-T48-nsP1(6M)) was attenuated in both wild-type and R

61 tracked gp33-specific CD8(+) T cells during RRV-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.

62 induction of type I and type II IFNs during RRV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

63 We now report that ORF52 knockdown during RRV infection of rhesus fibroblasts led to a greater tha

64 of vCD200 that is naturally produced during RRV infection.

65 f which was alleviated by PPS therapy during RRV and CHIKV clinical disease.

66 These data suggest that early RRV trafficking is confined to the early endosome compar

67 mice depleted of CD8(+) T cells had elevated RRV loads in skeletal muscle tissue, but not joint-assoc

68 with RRV was validated using an established RRV murine model.

69 This study examined RRV-TV for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (

70 e for the first time that membrane-expressed RRV vCD200 is capable of inducing signal transduction vi

71 At moderate expression, RRVs but not G0 caused cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent

72 In agreement with these findings, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) loads were similar in mice

73 Consistent with these findings, RRV-T48 E2 Y18H replicated less well in mammalian cells

74 ue damage than wild-type (WT) mice following RRV infection.

75 The relative reinforcing value of food (RRV(food)) is associated with obesity and energy intake

76 dicity for BFV, intra-annual periodicity for RRV, and trend for dengue.

77 es and microtubule dynamics are required for RRV trafficking to perinuclear regions.

78 Compared with those for RRV, R(T(VP4)) binding and titers in cholangiocytes were

79 ions in single reassortment groups, and four RRV mutants contained mutations in multiple groups.

80 ture with hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) from RRV-infected, but not with DCs from noninfected mice, wh

81 significantly contributed to protection from RRV-induced mortality, and both mouse strains exhibited

82 Furthermore, RRV particles are colocalized with microtubules and dyne

83 e in monkeys infected with recombinant gL(+) RRV.

84 How RRV(food) is related to macronutrient choice in ad libit

85 d blocking assays, this study elucidated how RRV VP4 protein governs cholangiocyte susceptibility to

86 nificantly reduced symptoms and mortality in RRV-injected mice.

87 amage to musculoskeletal tissues observed in RRV- or CHIKV-infected mice would promote a wound-healin

88 (pos) cell population, typically observed in RRV-induced BA, was absent in KO mice.

89 The perturbed RANKL/OPG ratio in RRV-infected OBs may therefore contribute to bone loss i

90 Despite this information, RRV vCD200 has not been examined specifically for effect

91 However, exogenous type I IFN inhibited RRV replication in tumor cells and induced IFN-regulated

92 magnitude in the monkeys that were initially RRV negative but were still readily detected in the two

93 It remains unclear whether cytotoxicity is RRV-dependent or driven solely by variant-independent ov

94 (vIRF) deletion clone of RRV (vIRF-knockout RRV [vIRF-ko RRV]) demonstrated that vIRFs inhibit induc

95 Experimental infection of RMs with vIRF-ko RRV resulted in decreased viral loads and diminished B c

96 blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with vIRF-ko RRV resulted in earlier and increased induction of type

97 Moreover, in vivo infection with vIRF-ko RRV resulted in earlier and sustained production of proi

98 ction in PBMC cultures infected with vIRF-ko RRV than in cultures infected with WT(BAC) RRV.

99 rus with all 8 of the vIRFs deleted (vIRF-ko RRV).

100 ion clone of RRV (vIRF-knockout RRV [vIRF-ko RRV]) demonstrated that vIRFs inhibit induction of type

101 ed footprint of the broadly neutralizing mAb RRV-12 in a region of the E2 glycoprotein B domain.

102 Further, gL-minus RRV elicits cellular immune responses that are predomina

103 of the CD20(+) subpopulation by the gL-minus RRV.

104 Moreover, RRVs appear to carry a heat-labile component that active

105 We demonstrated that the RRV mutant (RRV(VP4-R446G)) produced less symptomatology and replica

106 a production in pDCs, suggesting that native RRV has a dominant inhibitory effect on type I IFN induc

107 sis at early times during infection, neither RRV nor SB1A effectively inhibited the activation of Y70

108 ese findings demonstrate that during de novo RRV infection, vIRFs are inhibiting the induction of IFN

109 RVSRLY) significantly reduced the ability of RRV to bind and infect cells.

110 an RRV background, eliminated the ability of RRV to cause murine BA.

111 tion of a viral IRF (vIRF) deletion clone of RRV (vIRF-knockout RRV [vIRF-ko RRV]) demonstrated that

112 Comparison of RRV DNA levels in sorted CD3(+) versus CD20(+) versus CD

113 Thus, to address the contributions of RRV vCD200 to immune regulation and disease in vivo, we

114 nstrate a role for T cells in the control of RRV infection and suggest that the antiviral capacity of

115 hat T cells can contribute to the control of RRV infection in the absence of B cells and Ab.

116 ino acid changes in nsP1 are determinants of RRV virulence by regulating the sensitivity of RRV to in

117 n strains T48 and DC5692 are determinants of RRV virulence, and we identify two nonsynonymous nucleot

118 we recruited neonates to receive 2 doses of RRV-TV or placebo and followed them to age 12 months.

119 ratio was disrupted in the synovial fluid of RRV patients, and this was accompanied by an increase in

120 and disease in vivo, we generated a form of RRV that lacked expression of vCD200 for use in infectio

121 analyzed the properties of a mutant form of RRV that lacks vCD200 expression in infected rhesus maca

122 Though the functions of RRV and HHV-8 vCD200 molecules have been examined in vit

123 n vivo infection in RMs, the natural host of RRV.

124 Furthermore, while high levels of RRV-specific antibody were produced in TLR7-deficient mi

125 protein ORF52 is critical for maturation of RRV, the closest relative of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated

126 Using a mouse model of RRV-induced myositis/arthritis, we found that myeloid di

127 nuated disease phenotype in a mouse model of RRV-induced rheumatic disease.

128 Mouse models of RRV and chikungunya virus have demonstrated a role for t

129 Mouse models of RRV and CHIKV disease were used to characterize the exte

130 everse genetics system to create a mutant of RRV (RRV(VP4-R446G)) with a single amino acid change in

131 The attenuated phenotype of RRV-T48 E2 Y18H was associated with reduced viral loads

132 i-RRV antibody response, and quantitation of RRV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by

133 t E2 position 18 functions as a regulator of RRV fitness in vertebrate and invertebrate cells.

134 V virulence by regulating the sensitivity of RRV to interferon.

135 tations in nsP1 influence the sensitivity of RRV to type I interferon only in specific host tissues.

136 Further, all previous in vitro studies of RRV vCD200 have utilized an Fc fusion protein to examine

137 The threshold of RRV difference was further applied to plan the synthesis

138 ynein-dynactin complexes in the transport of RRV particles to nuclei during primary infection.

139 RRV nsP1 gene that control the virulence of RRV and its sensitivity to the antiviral type I interfer

140 Coincubation of RRVs with heat-treated RRVs or with lentivirus vector su

141 els are widely used to study cytotoxicity of RRVs, but results have been contradictory.

142 wild-type G0, could prevent cytotoxicity of RRVs.

143 ons suggest that high steady-state levels of RRVs may underlie cellular injury in APOL1 nephropathy,

144 lation of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on RRV-primed DCs.

145 ic regression models to surveillance data on RRV, BFV, and dengue (from 1993, 1995 and 1991, respecti

146 The tripeptide SRL on RRV VP4 binds to the cholangiocyte membrane protein Hsc7

147 One RRV construct expressed nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), w

148 Our work elucidates the role of one RRV vIRF, R12, and demonstrates that RRV can dampen the

149 IRF being associated with either the KSHV or RRV virion.

150 the number of calcium-channels determined P(RRV), it critically influenced whether subsequent releas

151 by regulating the RRV release probability (P(RRV)) and the RRV number.

152 th (release of 0, 1 or multiple vesicles), P(RRV), short-term plasticity, calcium transients and the

153 Despite the attenuated phenotype, RRV T48 and RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) loads in tissues of wild-ty

154 n musculoskeletal tissues at late times post-RRV infection.

155 f responding for food compared with reading (RRV(prop)) was positively related to body mass index, la

156 cell-deficient (Ig-alpha(-/-)) mice received RRV shortly after birth.

157 these questions, we generated a recombinant RRV expressing the H-2(b)-restricted glycoprotein 33 (gp

158 We have now generated a recombinant RRV that expresses the SIV Gag antigen and does not expr

159 The ability of this gL-minus Gag recombinant RRV to infect, persist, and elicit immune responses was

160 This recombinant RRV was infectious by the intravenous route, established

161 ccination with a mixture of both recombinant RRVs and were subsequently challenged 19 weeks later wit

162 hropathy, and that interventions that reduce RRV expression in kidney compartments may mitigate APOL1

163 n of Hsc70 by small interfering RNAs reduced RRV's ability to infect cholangiocytes.

164 transferred T cells were capable of reducing RRV loads in skeletal muscle tissue of Rag1(-/-) mice, i

165 are encoded by KSHV and the closely related RRV.

166 sely related to rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) and human herpesvirus 8.

167 closely related rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) are the only viruses known to encode viral homologu

168 closely related rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) are unique for encoding viral homologs of IFN regul

169 Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) is a gammaherpesvirus of rhesus macaque (RM) monkey

170 Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) is the RV2 prototype, and two RRV isolates, 26-95 a

171 irus (KSHV) and rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV), are unique in that they express viral homologues t

172 herpesvirus and rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV), two closely related gammaherpesviruses, are unique

173 primate virus, rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV), which infects and induces disease in rhesus macaqu

174 closely related rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV).

175 ruses, including rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) and its close homolog, the oncogenic human gammaher

176 ther recombinant rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) could be used as a vaccine against DENV2 infection

177 binant strain of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) expressing the Gag protein of SIVmac239 was constru

178 The related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) has shown potential as a vector to immunize monkeys

179 cation-competent rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) were constructed in which strong promoter/enhancer

180 ly reported that rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a close homolog of the human pathogen Kaposi's sar

181 of gH and gL of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a close relative of the human Kaposi's sarcoma-ass

182 In rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a close relative of the human oncogenic pathogen K

183 cation-competent rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a persisting herpesvirus.

184 us type 5 (Ad5), rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), and DNA again.

185 n by the related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), which is relatively even more dependent on EphA7 f

186 role of microtubules in rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV) nuclear trafficking in rhesus fibroblasts.

187 iled macaque homolog of rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV).

188 erpesvirus rhesus macaque (RM) rhadinovirus (RRV) are the only known viruses to encode viral homologu

189 , including chikungunya (CHIKV), Ross River (RRV), and o'nyong 'nyong (ONNV) viruses, are cleared fro

190 tructures of Fab in complex with Ross River (RRV), Mayaro, or chikungunya viruses reveal a conserved

191 e-sensitive (ts) mutants and seven rotavirus RRV ts mutants, isolated at the National Institutes of H

192 y perinatal infection with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) but not with other strains of rotavirus, such as TU

193 Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) can also lead to biliary atresia (a neonatal human

194 In neonatal mice, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) can induce biliary atresia (BA), a disease resultin

195 In the murine model of BA, rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of newborn pups results in a cholangiopat

196 proved to be resistant to rhesus rotavirus (RRV) mediated liver inflammation.

197 strain) but not the simian rhesus rotavirus (RRV) robustly triggers beta interferon (IFN-beta) secret

198 ine model of BA, employing rhesus rotavirus (RRV), parallels human disease and has been used to eluci

199 yte injury in human and in rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced experimental biliary atresia (BA).

200 biliary obstruction in the Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced mouse model of BA.

201 Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-mediated experimental BA was induced in newborn mic

202 old greater than that of a simian rotavirus (RRV) in suckling mice.

203 e genetics system to create a mutant of RRV (RRV(VP4-R446G)) with a single amino acid change in the V

204 tem, we successfully recovered the simian RV RRV strain, the human RV CDC-9 strain, a reassortant bet

205 Rab5 but not Rab4 or Rab7 affects rhesus RV (RRV) infectivity.

206 naling is involved in protection from severe RRV-associated disease.

207 Furthermore, we reveal that the severe RRV-induced joint pathology, including thinning of artic

208 d-type SA11 or a reassortant encoding simian RRV NSP1.

209 /-) mice revealed that murine but not simian RRV mediated accumulation of IkB-alpha protein and decre

210 The simian RRV strain, but not murine EW RV, uniquely triggers the

211 table RG system for the rescue of the simian RRV strain, the human CDC-9 strain, and a murine-like RV

212 Infection of human HT29 IECs with simian (RRV) or porcine (SB1A or OSU) RV strains, which inhibit

213 sess more robust signaling capabilities than RRV vCD200, and also show that KSHV vCD200 does not effi

214 sensitive to innate antiviral effectors than RRV T48 in a tissue-specific manner.

215 T48 E2 Y18H replicated more efficiently than RRV-T48 in C6/36 mosquito cells.

216 aling via RM CD200R, and is more robust than RRV vCD200, while KSHV vCD200 does not appear to induce

217 Competition studies confirmed that RRV-T48 E2 Y18H had a fitness advantage in mosquito cell

218 In addition, we also demonstrate that RRV infection affects CD200R expression levels in vivo,

219 Our prior studies have demonstrated that RRV vCD200 is a functional CD200 homologue that is capab

220 of one RRV vIRF, R12, and demonstrates that RRV can dampen the type I IFN response downstream of IFN

221 In the current study, we found that RRV infection activated the extracellular signal-regulat

222 Using confocal imaging, we found that RRV infection led to the thickening and acetylation of M

223 We found that RRV vIRF R6, when expressed ectopically, interacts with

224 Indeed, we found that RRV- and CHIKV-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory lesi

225 immune responses in vivo, and further, that RRV can express a secreted form of vCD200 (vCD200-Sec) d

226 As a result, we hypothesized that RRV might induce changes in the cytoskeleton at both ear

227 Our results indicate that RRV gH and gL expression is severely limited by the stab

228 Our data indicated that RRV vCD200 expression limits immune responses against RR

229 Our findings show that RRV infection damages the articular cartilage, including

230 d to occur in vivo Our findings suggest that RRV vCD200 can bind and induce functional signals throug

231 In summary, our data provide evidence that RRVs do not directly trigger type I IFN responses in IFN

232 We found that RRVs do not trigger an IFN-alpha/beta response in tumor

233 Surprisingly, the data show that RRVs can actively inhibit induction of cellular innate i

234 a 511 and human host cells, and we show that RRVs do not induce type I interferon (IFN) responses in

235 The RRV-infected Ig-alpha(-/-) mice had significantly less l

236 Less is known about the RRV vIRFs.

237 the RRV release probability (P(RRV)) and the RRV number.

238 Both the RRV and the final DNA boosters delivered a near-full-len

239 he mechanisms behind immunomodulation by the RRV vIRFs during infection.

240 s study, we identified coding changes in the RRV nsP1 gene that control the virulence of RRV and its

241 ence of this immunomodulatory protein in the RRV virion provides the virus with an immediate mechanis

242 trate that a single amino acid change in the RRV VP4 gene influences cholangiocyte tropism and reduce

243 sequence SRL (amino acids 445 to 447) in the RRV VP4 protein is required for viral binding and entry

244 re protected from biliary obstruction in the RRV-induced mouse model of BA, indicating a primary role

245 s toward the incorporation of pERK2 into the RRV particle.

246 8 of the E2 glycoprotein (E2 Y18H), into the RRV-T48 genetic background was sufficient to generate a

247 rk contrast to the RRV-infected BA mice, the RRV-infected Ig-alpha(-/-) mice did not have hyperbiliru

248 Among the NIH mutants, three of the RRV mutants and all four SA11 mutants contained mutation

249 In these reactions, the RRV difference between the donors and acceptors had to b

250 ing a 2-ms depolarization) by regulating the RRV release probability (P(RRV)) and the RRV number.

251 We demonstrated that the RRV mutant (RRV(VP4-R446G)) produced less symptomatology

252 n our present study, we demonstrate that the RRV vIRF R12 aids viral replication in the presence of t

253 We previously reported that the RRV VP4 gene plays an integral role in activating the im

254 type and Rag1(-/-) mice, suggesting that the RRV-T48-nsP1(6M) mutant is more sensitive to innate anti

255 Thus, the RRV-12 mAb and its defined epitope have potential as a t

256 In stark contrast to the RRV-infected BA mice, the RRV-infected Ig-alpha(-/-) mic

257 is responsible for pathogenesis, we used the RRV and TUCH strains to generate a complete set of singl

258 Because it is challenging to measure the RRVs of tetrasaccharides, anomeric proton chemical shift

259 Though RRV vCD200 has been examined, questions still exist in r

260 tion and Th1 cytokine production compared to RRV-infected WT mice.

261 but not of CD25-depleted CD4 cells, prior to RRV inoculation reduced expansion of CD8 cells, plasma b

262 re, neonatal pups were rendered resistant to RRV-mediated liver injury when Ly6c(Lo) non-classical mo

263 s in this setting restored susceptibility to RRV-mediated disease.

264 , whereas lentivirus vector and heat-treated RRVs did.

265 Coincubation of RRVs with heat-treated RRVs or with lentivirus vector suppressed IFN-alpha prod

266 inovirus (RRV) is the RV2 prototype, and two RRV isolates, 26-95 and 17577, were sequenced.

267 ti-RRV T cell response compared to wild-type RRV infection.

268 ial artificial chromosome clone of wild-type RRV(17577) (WT(BAC) RRV) to generate a recombinant virus

269 and in vitro than those seen with wild-type RRV, with reduced binding in cholangiocytes.

270 he VP4 protein compared to that of wild-type RRV.

271 Unexpectedly, RRVs did not induce IFN-alpha production upon incubation

272 tetravalent, rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV), led to the withdrawal of the vaccine.

273 n reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed in 1998 but withdrawn in 1999 due t

274 With 16 relative reactivity values (RRVs) measured thiotoluenyl-linked disaccharide donors a

275 Two coding renal risk variants (RRVs) of the APOL1 gene (G1 and G2) are associated with

276 s (MLV)-based retroviral replicating vector (RRV), Toca 511, which has displayed tumor specificity in

277 1-10 (mean, 5) readily releasable vesicles (RRVs) and released 0-5 vesicles during a 2-ms depolariza

278 protein 1 (nsP1) gene of the mouse-virulent RRV strain T48 with that from the mouse-avirulent strain

279 genic alphaviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cause large-scale epi

280 kungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) cause a debilitating, and often chronic, musculoske

281 Ross River virus (RRV) is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted alphaviru

282 kungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV), and assessed the early antiviral functions of IRF-

283 Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV), and dengue are three co

284 Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya virus, and related alphaviruses cause

285 ic alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), infect humans and cause debilitating pain and infl

286 kungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV), pose significant public health threats because of

287 nic alphaviruses including Ross River virus (RRV), Sindbis virus, and chikungunya virus cause worldwi

288 egion of the T48 strain of Ross River virus (RRV-T48) with that from the attenuated DC5692 strain, wh

289 ly 1 million cases reported to date, whereas RRV continues to circulate in the South Pacific.

290 To determine which RRV gene segment(s) is responsible for pathogenesis, we

291 Infection of bone cells with RRV was validated using an established RRV murine model.

292 structure, and evolutionary comparisons with RRV and KSHV have identified conserved promoters, splice

293 hat this virus shares a number of genes with RRV that may be involved in pathogenesis but also indica

294 wo monkeys that were naturally infected with RRV at the time of immunization.

295 tio was also disrupted in mice infected with RRV; both this effect and the bone loss were blocked by

296 We found that infection with RRV, a homolog of the human pathogen KSHV, led to perinu

297 Myd88- and TLR7-deficient mouse strains with RRV revealed that both Myd88 and TLR7 significantly cont

298 In addition, we found R6 within RRV virion particles via immunoelectron microscopy and,

299 ed disease-free survival rate compared to WT RRV-infected BA mice (76.8% vs. 17.5%).

300 Intestinal replication of a series of EW x RRV reassortants was used to identify several RV genes t