ライフサイエンスコーパス: UAG

1 UAG did not alter growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, or

2 UAG is translated as pyrrolysine with the participation

3 UAG selectively decreased glucose and fructose consumpti

4 UAG translation as pyrrolysine requires the pylT gene pr

5 UAG translation was not compromised, as recombinant MtmB

6 9 transcript in C57BL/6J mice livers and 12% UAG-to-UGG RNA correction of the amber nonsense mutation

7 onserved HIV-1 3' splice sites by binding 5'-UAG-3' elements embedded within regions containing RNA s

8 n patient, 19,912 tests were ordered (12,569 UAG, 3,747 cultures, and 3,596 PCR) with 378 positive re

9 This mutant tRNA is also a UAG nonsense suppressor via first base wobble.

10 Although a UAG codon typically directs translation termination, its

11 ing gap while the rest either terminate at a UAG stop codon immediately following codon 46 or fail to

12 ct, replacement of the tnaC start codon by a UAG stop codon reduces expression significantly, suggest

13 re in the same reading frame, separated by a UAG stop codon, and termination codon readthrough is req

14 in the same reading frame but separated by a UAG stop codon, require that 5-10 % of ribosomes decode

15 mutation, sup35-2, is now shown to contain a UAG stop codon prior to the essential region of the gene

16 produced from a gene that does not contain a UAG stop codon.

17 ranslated region (UTR) of RNA that contain a UAG trinucleotide in their core.

18 l termination, or enhanced readthrough, of a UAG stop codon at the end of gag.

19 amino acid, is incorporated in response to a UAG amber stop codon.

20 RNAs with altered anticodons which bind to a UAG nonsense (amber) codon and to the Arg (AGG), Asn (AA

21 An RNA with a UAG loop bound with highest affinity, and chemical modif

22 ORF AUG-initiating codon was replaced with a UAG stop codon along with a U112A mutation to maintain a

23 ions of which are enriched in the motif (U/A)UAG(U/A).

24 s certain trinucleotide sequences (UAU, AAG, UAG, AAU).

25 Compared with the saline control, AG and AG+UAG both decreased AIRg, but UAG alone had no effect.

26 crog/kg/h), UAG (4 microg/kg/h), combined AG+UAG, or saline were infused to 17 healthy subjects (9 me

27 f tRNA(Ala); a G3A change in Ashbya tRNA(Ala)UAG abolishes its recognition by AgAlaRS.

28 Enzymatic studies reveal that tRNA(Ala)UAG is efficiently recognized by A. gossypii mitochondri

29 urther demonstrate that a predicted tRNA(Ala)UAG is transcribed and accurately processed in vivo, and

30 to the 70S ribosome in response to an amber (UAG) codon at 3.6-A resolution.

31 DNA template contains a complementary amber (UAG) codon instead of the normal initiation (AUG) codon.

32 ltransferases all contain an in-frame amber (UAG) codon that is read through during translation.

33 Single in-frame amber (UAG) codons are found in the genes encoding MtmB, MtbB,

34 tivity in the specific suppression of amber (UAG) and ochre (UAA) codons, respectively.

35 id, because it is encoded by a single amber (UAG) codon in methylamine methyltransferase transcripts.

36 codons scattered throughout motB with amber (UAG) codons.

37 duction of p8 from transcripts containing an UAG stop codon that blocked p21 production.

38 rrow (ibm)-infused acylated ghrelin (AG) and UAG were abolished in male GHS-R-null mice.

39 to RNA targets that contain multiple GAG and UAG repeats.

40 ontaining UAG repeats or alternating GAG and UAG repeats.

41 etic genes by binding to a series of GAG and UAG trinucleotide repeats generally separated by two or

42 were 100% for culture and 99.9% for PCR and UAG.

43 ases, the sensitivities of culture, PCR, and UAG were 50%, 92%, and 96%, respectively.

44 stop codon, with UGG encoding tryptophan and UAG and UGA reassigned for multi-site incorporation of t

45 ver, while the canonical stop codons UAA and UAG are known to be recognized by mtRF1a, the release me

46 hile Euplotes species recognize only UAA and UAG as stop codons.

47 efficient translation termination at UAA and UAG codons but not at the UGA codon.

48 3 requirement for peptide release at UAA and UAG codons, but not UGA codons.

49 recognition of only the conventional UAA and UAG termination codons.

50 ains 2 and 3 (Eo/Sc eRF1) recognized UAA and UAG, but not UGA, as stop codons.

51 he insertion of Gln, Tyr, and Lys at UAA and UAG, whereas Trp, Arg, and Cys were inserted at UGA, and

52 Sec and Pyl are encoded by UGA and UAG codons, respectively, which normally serve as stop s

53 y second amino acids, are encoded by UGA and UAG, respectively, which are the codons that usually fun

54 ere searched for Legionella urinary antigen (UAG), culture, and PCR tests ordered from March 2010 thr

55 i translation terminates more efficiently at UAG and UAA than at UGA.

56 tion of NSAA and natural AA incorporation at UAG in a recombinant reporter protein.

57 variant [PylRS-AA]) to incorporate ncAAs at UAG codons in super-folder green fluorescence protein (s

58 fully competent to terminate translation at UAG and UAA codons, that ribosomes become less efficient

59 volving a variety of initiation codons (AUG, UAG, CAG, GUC, AUC, and UUC) provide support to the hypo

60 Any correlation between UAG and UNH(4), when observed, was a fortuitous correlat

61 Both UAG and UGA are able to effectively terminate PsaB synth

62 trol, AG and AG+UAG both decreased AIRg, but UAG alone had no effect.

63 translational Sep incorporation (directed by UAG) into any desired position in a protein by an Escher

64 atural amino acid and genetically encoded by UAG, becomes attached to its cognate tRNA by pyrrolysyl-

65 larly, it is thought that Pyl is inserted by UAG codons with the help of a putative pyrrolysine inser

66 Selenoprotein synthesis programmed by UAG in Geodermatophilus and Blastococcus, and by the Cys

67 ition of expression when UGA was replaced by UAG or UAA and the appropriate suppressor was present.

68 50% when the UGA stop codon was replaced by UAG or UAA, respectively, consistent with the finding th

69 rted amino acid at the position specified by UAG is not critical, as Pyl or Trp insertion yields acti

70 to proteins from a phosphotyrosyl-tRNACUA by UAG codon suppression during in vitro translation.

71 A mechanism that circumvents UAG-directed termination of translation must operate dur

72 phenylalanine in response to the amber codon UAG.

73 code an operon that reassigns the stop codon UAG to pyrrolysine (Pyl), a genetic code variant that re

74 proteins in response to the amber stop codon UAG.

75 a, which naturally recognizes the stop codon UAG.

76 yrrolysine, encoded by the termination codon UAG.

77 yrrolysine, encoded by the termination codon UAG.

78 oration in response to the amber stop codon (UAG) in mammalian cells is commonly considered to be low

79 ncy of termination by RF1 at the stop codon (UAG).

80 ophan codon (UGG) to a premature stop codon (UAG).

81 (Sec) species that recognize the stop codons UAG and UAA, and ten sense codons.

82 lE exhibits a preference for the stop codons UAG and UGA and sense codons CAG and UCG in vitro.

83 test whether infrequently used stop codons (UAG and UGA) can terminate translation in vivo.

84 F1 recognizes each of the three stop codons (UAG, UAA, and UGA) and facilitates release of the nascen

85 ng cognate (UAA and Um6AA) and near-cognate (UAG and Um6AG) stop codons to decrease 6-fold or 3-fold

86 res of TRAP in a complex with RNA containing UAG triplets separated by two nucleotides and in a compl

87 table than those with transcripts containing UAG repeats or alternating GAG and UAG repeats.

88 a acetivorans (DeltapylT) that cannot decode UAG as Pyl or grow on trimethylamine.

89 ylRS/tRNAPyl pairs can simultaneously decode UAG and UAA codons for incorporation of two distinct non

90 of a Methanosarcina species unable to decode UAG codons as pyrrolysine, but also that loss of pylT do

91 Reporter assays demonstrated UAG-selective readthrough in the resistant clones but no

92 amino acid, gets acylated to its distinctive UAG suppressor tRNA(Pyl) by the cognate pyrrolysyl-tRNA

93 d urinary output of these electrolytes (i.e, UAG) indicates selective extrarenal loss of these electr

94 ired to biosynthesize and genetically encode UAG codons as Pyl, is present in the genomes of 24 anaer

95 Strains lacking L11 exhibited UAG suppression, defective growth, and high-temperature

96 Thus, the adipogenic action of exogenous UAG in tibial marrow is dependent upon acylation by GOAT

97 ly recoded strain of E. coli with a flexible UAG codon we produce site-specific serine- or phosphoser

98 0.4% for culture, 0.8% for PCR, and 2.7% for UAG.

99 We confirmed that MSI1 has a preference for UAG sequences contained in a particular structural conte

100 a recombinant system employing tRNA(Pyl) for UAG suppression.

101 regions flanking mtmB1 were not required for UAG translation, but loss of a downstream pyrrolysine in

102 presence of L11 in ribosomes is required for UAG-dependent termination and is somewhat inhibitory of

103 l examination of contextual requirements for UAG translation as pyrrolysine.

104 ely compete with translation termination for UAG codons obviating the need for a specific PYLIS struc

105 ensure efficient translation of the in-frame UAG codon in case of pyrrolysine deficiency and safeguar

106 ize Pyl have few genes that contain in-frame UAG codons, and many of these are followed with nearby U

107 in either a complete Vaa ORF or an in-frame UAG stop codon immediately downstream of the poly-A trac

108 in a position that is encoded by an in-frame UAG stop codon in the mRNA.

109 An in-frame UAG within a bacterial uidA transcript was translated in

110 Protein production from UAG-containing mRNAs was verified for 19 proteins.

111 ey are in homo-11-mers and that individual G/UAG triplets within the RNA can bind to TRAP differently

112 tryptophan-activated TRAP contain multiple G/UAG repeats and show a strong bias for pyrimidines as th

113 verse correlation between urinary anion gap (UAG) and urine ammonia excretion (UNH(4)) in patients wi

114 Unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is the predominant ghrelin isoform in the circulati

115 hrelin receptor (GHS-R), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) possesses a unique activity spectrum that includes

116 AG (1 microg/kg/h), UAG (4 microg/kg/h), combined AG+UAG, or saline were inf

117 tract partially deactivated RF1 and improved UAG codon readthrough by as much as 11-fold, as demonstr

118 high temperature, but they were defective in UAG-dependent termination.

119 st kinetic studies revealed that the gain in UAG reading by RF2 R213I is associated with a reduced ef

120 S substrate resulted in a linear increase in UAG suppression, providing a facile method to assay bioa

121 c code of E. coli can be expanded to include UAG-directed pyrrolysine incorporation into proteins.

122 inally, the adipogenic effect of ibm-infused UAG was completely abolished in GOAT-KO mice.

123 lt, the engineered ribosomes RiboU interpret UAG codons as Sec codons, allowing easy and site-specifi

124 be taken into consideration in interpreting UAG.

125 Introducing UAG or UAA stop codons rather than the normal tnaC UGA s

126 characterized the functions of AMD1 and its UAG to UGG editing event.

127 We replaced all known UAG stop codons in Escherichia coli MG1655 with synonymo

128 Extra copies of the tRNA(Leu)(UAG) gene rescued the cold sensitivity and in vitro spli

129 nt of synthesized reporter directly measures UAG-directed Sec incorporation.

130 ethanogen monomethylamine methyltransferase, UAG was translated as pyrrolysine to produce recombinant

131 interrupted by a single in-frame, midframe, UAG codon which was also found in mtmB from M. barkeri N

132 y also extended protein synthesis at natural UAG terminated messenger RNAs.

133 We believe that the versatility of this new UAG-directed production methodology should enable many f

134 utations (cxs-5, -7 and -12) and a nonsense (UAG) codon substitution (cxs-10) in the yjbD coding sequ

135 esizing system by readthrough of a nonsense (UAG) codon with a suppressor tRNA that had been activate

136 n production from mRNAs containing nonsense (UAG) codons in the presence of misacylated suppressor tR

137 ing system via readthrough of mRNA nonsense (UAG) codons by chemically misacylated suppressor tRNAs.

138 o proteins via readthrough of mRNA nonsense (UAG) codons by chemically misacylated suppressor tRNAs.

139 ng, and can discriminate against nonspecific UAG decoding.

140 Neither UAA nor UAG mutations, examined at the same codon positions, wer

141 AG, but not UAG, reduced DI and kg and increased plasma growth hormo

142 ain fatty acids utilised in the acylation of UAG, including octanoic acid.

143 to previous reports, acute administration of UAG does not have independent effects on glucose toleran

144 d 2Thf-lys supporting the highest amounts of UAG translation.

145 s indicate that in-depth genetic analysis of UAG translation as pyrrolysine is feasible, as deletion

146 e first step towards the genetic analysis of UAG translation as pyrrolysine, a 761 base-pair genomic

147 UTRs at sites enriched in multiple copies of UAG motifs in epithelial progenitor cells.

148 The decoding of UAG as pyrrolysine requires pylT, which produces tRNA(Py

149 eomic workflow that enabled the detection of UAG readthrough in native proteins in E. coli strains in

150 system with EF-Sel1 raises the efficiency of UAG-specific Sec incorporation to >90%, and also doubles

151 UAG-directed termination with enhancement of UAG translation by the PYLIS appears analogous to cis-ac

152 we re-appraised the potential interaction of UAG with GHS-R in the regulation of bone marrow adiposit

153 well as analyses of the coding potential of UAG codons, overlapping genes, and release factor sequen

154 ongation factor Tu-dependent reassignment of UAG codons, a strategy that has been continuously improv

155 tion of release factor 1 and reassignment of UAG translation function.

156 Redefinition of UAG, UAA and UGA to specify a standard amino acid occurs

157 in Escherichia coli enhances translation of UAG (Stop) codons, yet may also extended protein synthes

158 thyltransferases made via the translation of UAG as pyrrolysine.

159 e Pyl-tRNA(Pyl) formation and translation of UAG by transcriptional deactivation of genes in the Pyl

160 Translation of UAG codons was verified by MS/MS for eight proteins, inc

161 CUA)) and pylS results in the translation of UAG in vivo as a sense codon.

162 natural genetic codes by the translation of UAG, a canonical stop codon.

163 Furthermore, the normal value of UAG has greatly increased over the past few decades, mai

164 The higher normal values of UAG must be taken into consideration in interpreting UAG

165 tryptophan-activated TRAP interacts with one UAG, one AAG, and seven GAG repeats present in the trpG

166 RNAs that contained GAG and/or UAG repeats were tested while the length and sequence of

167 work, we show that RNAs containing 11 GAG or UAG repeats separated by CC dinucleotide spacers (((G/U)

168 ut in neither case was readthrough of UAA or UAG observed.

169 adthrough, namely Gln, Lys, or Tyr at UAA or UAG PTCs and Trp, Arg, or Cys at UGA PTCs.

170 to one of the three stop codons (UGA, UAA or UAG) results in the termination of protein synthesis.

171 sor tRNAs that enable read-through of UGA or UAG stop-codons, mostly, in late phage genes.

172 ted readthrough of stop codons, particularly UAGs, in additional proteins in the resistant clones.

173 be efficiently incorporated at a predefined UAG amber codon, thereby competing with RF1 rather than

174 However, predominant UAG-directed termination with enhancement of UAG transla

175 ontinue with translation through a premature UAG stop codon located in a beta-galactosidase reporter.

176 nslational pause by suppressor tRNAs reading UAG at these two positions may divert the nascent polype

177 fidelity of protein synthesis at reassigned UAG codons and the purity of the NSAA containing protein

178 n this review, we discuss factors regulating UAG and examine published evidence to uncover errors in

179 element driving recognition is the sequence UAG.

180 nt protein (GFP) gene that contains a single UAG stop codon at two distinct locations is introduced.

181 tiple amino acid (AA) insertions at a single UAG.

182 5-fold improved reading of the RF1-specific UAG codon relative to UAA, the universal stop codon, com

183 essential fact is that, in the steady state, UAG reflects intake of Na, K, and Cl.

184 pyrrolysine with 20% efficiency, suggesting UAG translation in the absence of evolved context.

185 f the pseudohyphal phenotype, 10 novel sup70 UAG suppressor alleles were identified, defining positio

186 n vivo activity of the analogs in supporting UAG suppression in Escherichia coli bearing genes for Py

187 om Escherichia coli glutamine tRNA, suppress UAG, UAA and UGA termination codons, respectively, in a

188 ine (Pyl) is encoded by the amber codon (TAG/UAG) and is widespread in archaea, where it is required

189 he 22nd amino acid, is encoded by amber (TAG=UAG) codons in certain methanogenic archaea and bacteria

190 owing greater translational readthrough than UAG or UAA.

191 We hypothesized that UAG would oppose the effects of acylated ghrelin (AG) on

192 with metabolic acidosis and postulated that UAG could be used as an indirect measure of UNH(4) This

193 s, and release factor sequences suggest that UAG is not a typical stop signal in Pyl-utilizing archae

194 n receptor, preclinical studies suggest that UAG may promote beta-cell function.

195 This suggests that UAG is subject to target cell-mediated activation - a no

196 se factor 1, which works specifically at the UAG termination codon, we constructed Escherichia coli s

197 site cysteine codon has been replaced by the UAG amber codon.

198 lysine is a lysine derivative encoded by the UAG codon in methylamine methyltransferase genes of Meth

199 require that 5-10 % of ribosomes decode the UAG as an amino acid and continue translation to synthes

200 rmination product of mtmB1 and decreased the UAG-translation product, which nonetheless contained pyr

201 yl-tRNA and arrested ribosomes than does the UAG stop codon.

202 The electron density for the UAG-encoded residue is distinct from any of the 21 natur

203 We have identified the UAG-encoded residue in a 1.55 angstrom resolution struct

204 xon 17 was the largest exon and included the UAG translation termination site, AUUAAA polyadenylation

205 sequence (PYLIS) significantly increased the UAG-termination product of mtmB1 and decreased the UAG-t

206 Sequences upstream of the UAG codon allow formation of two competing structures, a

207 ysine into protein during translation of the UAG codon and suggests that MtbB and MttB may exploit th

208 eudoknot located eight nucleotides 3' of the UAG is required for this redefinition of the UAG stop co

209 UAG is required for this redefinition of the UAG stop codon.

210 y reassigned the translation function of the UAG stop codon; however, reassigning sense codons poses

211 adipocytes show prominent expression of the UAG-activating enzyme ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT),

212 ncy of the tnaA-lacZ gene construct than the UAG stop codon.

213 sarcina acetivorans, we demonstrate that the UAG codon encodes dual meaning as stop and Pyl.

214 amino acid incorporation in response to the UAG codon without increasing readthrough of other stop c

215 NA (tRNAPyl), which naturally translates the UAG stop codon, offers a favorable scaffold for developi

216 sis system that site-specifically--using the UAG amber codon--inserts Sec depending on the elongation

217 A is optimally active, the CAT gene with the UAG initiation codon produced more CAT protein (3- to 9-

218 ression of the suppressed construct with the UAG stop codon; tryptophan addition also resulted in ca.

219 bicyclomycin, an inhibitor of Rho, to these UAG constructs increases expression, demonstrating that

220 Translation of this UAG requires the aminoacylation of the corresponding amb

221 (tRNA(Pyl)) that presumably recognizes this UAG codon.

222 utation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA(Thr)UAG confers tRNA recognition by AgAlaRS.

223 sts of nine triplet repeats (five GAG, three UAG, and one AAG) that surround and overlap the trpP Shi

224 he missense variant erroneously read through UAG and UGA stop codons of mRNAs.

225 rying an initiation codon change from AUG to UAG.

226 Whereas new tRNAs(Glu) fully cognate to UAG and UAA evolved to reassign these stop codons, the U

227 acid load, has no consistent relationship to UAG either theoretically or in reality.

228 1 was 1% of cellular protein with only trace UAG-terminated mtmB1 product detectable.

229 nes did not produce pyrrolysine or translate UAG as pyrrolysine.

230 lysine is a likely first step in translating UAG amber codons as pyrrolysine in certain methanogens.

231 AC, psbE-petL, clpP1, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL-UAG, and ccsA-ndhD as having higher DNA polymorphism (Pi

232 Aminoacylation of tRNA(CUA)Tyr [tyrT (UAG)] by GlnRS-D235H resulted in a 4-fold increase in th

233 sed on pBR322 which no longer mischarge tyrT(UAG) in vivo.

234 he decoding of one of three stop codons UAA, UAG or UGA by the eukaryotic release factor eRF1.

235 signaled by any one of the stop codons UAA, UAG, and UGA moving into the ribosomal A site.

236 hree universally conserved stop codons: UAA, UAG or UGA.

237 ature termination codons (PTCs), either UAA, UAG, or UGA.

238 of a premature termination codon (PTC; UAA, UAG or UGA) within an intronless mRNA and U36 of the ant

239 use the standard genetic code recognize UAA, UAG, and UGA as stop codons, whereas variant code specie

240 specific enrichment of three sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA)-corresponding to stop codons-at piRNA 5' ends.

241 cleavage preference at four sequences (UAA, UAG, UGA, UAC) promotes 5' end stop codons.

242 nd in vivo of terminating translation at UAA/UAG codons.

243 Recoding of UGA, UAG, or UAA to specify an amino acid allows a proportion

244 In addition, unambiguous UAG stop signals could not be identified.

245 We show that a newly uncovered UAG-encoded amino acid, desmethylpyrrolysine, is made fr

246 5-fold by placing the murine leukemia virus UAG read-through element upstream of the first UGA codon

247 ression 60-fold when the tnaC stop codon was UAG and 3-fold when this stop codon was UAA; basal level

248 However, when UAG or UAA replaced UGA, the induced level of expression

249 with glutamine but extremely poorly, whereas UAG could not be used to initiate protein synthesis with

250 ndings are best explained by a model wherein UAG codons may have ambiguous meaning and Pyl insertion

251 native proteins in E. coli strains in which UAG was reassigned to encode phosphoserine.

252 of leadered, but not unleadered, mRNAs with UAG start codons, indicating that codon-anticodon comple

253 acing the natural tnaC stop codon, UGA, with UAG or UAA in a tnaC-stop codon-tnaA'-'lacZ reporter con