ライフサイエンスコーパス: UBL

1 UBL delivered to men and couples was associated with a s

2 UBL proteins share little amino acid sequence identity t

3 UBL-UBA shuttle proteins, such as UBQLN2, bind to ubiqui

4 RD), an SQL database of features for all 509 UBL-containing structures in the PDB, allowing users to

5 Consistent with its predicted function as a UBL, gfISG15 formed conjugates with cellular proteins in

6 on to gp78, the Bag6 UBL domain also binds a UBL-binding motif in UbxD8, an essential component of th

7 UFM1 is a UBL that predominantly modifies a single lysine residue

8 UB and Nedd8, a UBL regulating the activity of cullin-RING UB ligases, o

9 The R42P mutation in Parkin locates to a UBL domain that interacts with C-terminal domains.

10 er, APPBP1-UBA3's failure to interact with a UBL having Arg72 is not due to a lack of this favorable

11 Depending on their abundance UBL/UBA family members can either promote or inhibit the

12 E1 enzymes activate UBLs by catalysing UBL carboxy-terminal adenylation, for

13 can be used to discover and to detect active UBL proteins, and to monitor the intracellular activity

14 Although UBL/UBA family members are reported to regulate the degr

15 teins similar to UBL-conjugating enzymes and UBL-deconjugating enzymes seem to have already been wide

16 ing sites on Rpn1 can be shared among Ub and UBL species, while proteasomal receptors Rpn1 and Rpn10

17 by the identification of novel ubiquitin and UBL sites and the characterization of the writers, erase

18 This study of ubiquitin and UBL systems in schizophrenia found abnormalities of ubiq

19 nd E3 ligases involved in ubiquitination and UBL post-translational modifications in postmortem brain

20 ssembly of fully natural UBL-Ub, Ub-UBL, and UBL-UBL conjugates from recombinant monomers is presente

21 n air circulation and air quality in UCL and UBL.

22 near the C terminus which, in ubiquitin and UBLs, is required for covalent modification of target pr

23 In contrast, another UBL-containing protein, the deubiquitinase Ubp6, is also

24 3a ortholog (Rad23) to interact with another UBL/UBA family member (Ddi1) and to bind a common tetrau

25 primary outcomes, there was no effect of any UBL intervention compared to control on women's past-yea

26 ery by positioning the RING-E2 approximately UBL catalytic center, licensing the acceptor lysine, and

27 ascades, a thioester-linked E2 approximately UBL complex typically interacts with an E3 enzyme for UB

28 ably, E2-E3-target and RING-E2 approximately UBL modules are not optimized to function independently,

29 ucture of a trapped RING E3-E2 approximately UBL-target intermediate representing RBX1-UBC12 approxim

30 entral to UBL protein signaling pathways are UBL protein-activating E1 enzymes that activate the C-te

31 However, unlike E1 substrates, which are UBLs with a C-terminal di-glycine sequence, MccB's subst

32 racterize the Cuz1 protein (Cdc48-associated UBL/zinc finger protein-1), encoded by a previously unch

33 in part by a group of Ub-like/Ub-associated (UBL/UBA) proteins that help shuttle ubiquitylated protei

34 We find that in addition to gp78, the Bag6 UBL domain also binds a UBL-binding motif in UbxD8, an e

35 zinc finger domain in complex with the BAG6 UBL domain.

36 process and form a ternary complex with both UBLs, similar to what has been observed for Uba1.

37 Bound UBLs mainly regulate the interactions of proteins with o

38 zymatic pathways that govern modification by UBLs.

39 E1 enzymes activate UBLs by catalysing UBL carboxy-terminal adenylation, forming a covalent E1

40 l; 1,692 households, 16 clusters in couples' UBL; 1,707 households, 16 clusters in women's UBL; 1,691

41 .81-1.28, p = 0.865) or sexual IPV (couples' UBL arm AOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.62-1.20, p = 0.378; women'

42 control, men's UBL, women's UBL, or couples' UBL, and approximately 106 households per village were r

43 s past-year experience of physical (couples' UBL arm adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.00, 95% confidence

44 6, p = 0.007), both observed in the couples' UBL arm at 24 months' follow-up relative to the control

45 Among women, the couples' UBL intervention significantly improved comprehensive HI

46 to 4 arms (men's UBL, women's UBL, couples' UBL, or control).

47 two proteins directly interact, and the Cuz1 UBL, but not Zf_AN1, is necessary for binding to the Cdc

48 In previous work, we determined UBL/UBA domain interactions to promote intramolecular in

49 Thus, parallel residues from different UBL pathways can utilize distinct mechanisms to dictate

50 l significance, however, methods to discover UBL proteins and to monitor the intracellular activity o

51 chanisms of how Uba6 recognizes two distinct UBLs and catalyzes their activation and transfer.

52 in proteins contain a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) and ubiquitin-associated domain(s) that interact wi

53 Ddi1, which contain a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) that adopts the ubiquitin fold.

54 a region resembling a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) that exists only in IKKbeta and that we named the U

55 proteasome through a ubiquitin-like domain (UBL) while anchoring cargo at a C-terminal polyubiquitin

56 _AN1) and a divergent ubiquitin-like domain (UBL).

57 e map the interaction to the N-terminal DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 and the coiled coil region of BRAP.

58 iceosome recycling factor, binds to the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 and USP4, recruiting them to the nuc

59 in the apo-form and in complex with the DUSP-UBL domain of USP15 at 2.0 and 3.0 A, respectively.

60 The studies reveal a distinctive E1~UBL-E2 architecture for enzymes mediating autophagy.

61 e propose that Atg3's E123IR protects the E2~UBL thioester bond from wayward reactivity toward errant

62 In general, each UBL has its own E1 that serves as the entry point for a

63 proteasome through a ubiquitin-like element (UBL).

64 urally defined ubiquitin-like homology fold (UBL) can engage in several unique protein-protein intera

65 ex typically interacts with an E3 enzyme for UBL transfer to the target.

66 ersity and functions associated with histone UBL modifications.

67 SUMO proteins but absent in other homologous UBL proteins.

68 To target and identify UBL-modifying enzymes, we produced Nedd8, ISG15, and SUM

69 rvention arms were invited to participate in UBL, consisting of 14 sessions delivered by trained faci

70 ction networks to drive consecutive steps in UBL cascades.

71 ion of polypeptides reactive with individual UBL probes.

72 n-interacting UBA and proteasome-interacting UBL domains, the UBL domain is atypical, as it binds ubi

73 domain, normally bound to an intramolecular UBL domain, and stabilizes the Ubiquilin-client complex.

74 tion, Vpr binding disrupts an intramolecular UBL-UBA2 interaction.

75 Disrupting the intramolecular UBL-UBA domain interactions in HHR23A indeed potentiates

76 activity through an inhibitory effect of its UBL domain.

77 rectly interacts with the proteasome via its UBL domain and is exclusively localized in the nucleus.

78 ds to a Gln in ubiquitin's E1 UBA1, is a key UBL selectivity determinant.

79 In the overlying urban boundary layer (UBL), ambient temperature and PM2.5 variations were corr

80 Unite for a Better Life (UBL) is a gender-transformative intervention delivered t

81 essed the impact of Unite for a Better Life (UBL), a gender-transformative, participatory interventio

82 id recognized ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like ( UBL: ) domains of substrate shuttling factors.

83 n (Ub), shuttle proteins containing Ub-like (UBL) domains, and the proteasome.

84 conjugates of ubiquitin (Ub) and/or Ub-like (UBL) proteins such as Rub1 to serve as distinct molecula

85 The attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) or Ub-like (UBL) proteins to target proteins is achieved by parallel

86 ied group that contains both ubiquitin-like (UBL) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains: Rad23, Ddi1

87 , contains an amino-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain and a carboxy-terminal ubiquitin-associated

88 ein containing an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain and two ubiquitin-associated domains (UBA1 a

89 ith and without the putative ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain at the N terminus were found to possess prot

90 Deletion of the NUB1 ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain did not impair the interaction with tau and

91 (NT) domain of Sgt2 and the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of Get5.

92 nity of this complex for the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of hHR23B and elution with a competing polyp

93 The binding of the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of SF3A1 to the stem-loop 4 of U1 snRNP (U1-

94 nteracts with the N-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain of Ytm1/WDR12 as well as the UBL domain of R

95 served domains of Mpe1 are a ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain, a zinc knuckle, and a RING finger domain ch

96 ss-inducible protein with an ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain, aggravates ER stress-mediated cell death in

97 biquitin ligase gp78 via its ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain, but the relative low affinity of this inter

98 MIDAS domain to extract the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain-containing proteins Rsa4 and Ytm1 from ribos

99 hrough docking via the Rad23 ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain.

100 ivity but requires an intact ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain.

101 ibited state mediated by its ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain.

102 dem domain in USP (DUSP) and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain.

103 uitin receptors that contain ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains, which interact with the proteasome, and ub

104 ctive ISG15, composed of two ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains.

105 ral domain of BMI1 adopts an ubiquitin-like (UBL) fold and binds PHC2 in a beta-hairpin conformation.

106 A novel ubiquitin-like (UBL) gene, 40.1, was identified by differential display

107 Pathways of ubiquitin-like (UBL) molecule transfer regulate a myriad of cellular cas

108 SUMO is a member of the Ubiquitin-Like (UBL) protein family.

109 Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) proteins regulate a vast variety of cellular functi

110 Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) PTMs on histone proteins can function as signaling

111 site in USP11's noncatalytic ubiquitin-like (UBL) region.

112 to investigate ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like (UBL) systems (SUMOylation, NEDD8ylation, and Ufmylation)

113 n is part of the spectrum of Ubiquitin-like (UBL) systems that give rise to proteoform complexity thr

114 he evolutionary emergence of Ubiquitin-like (UBL) systems unveils their origin from prokaryotes, wher

115 its longer isoform NUB1L are ubiquitin-like (UBL)/ubiquitin-associated (UBA) proteins that facilitate

116 to investigate the force dependence of MIDAS-UBL binding.

117 hanism underlying the switching of the MIDAS-UBL interaction between strongly and weakly bound states

118 Thus, the misfolded UBL is apparently masked by the intramolecular interacti

119 These C-terminally modified UBL probes reacted with purified UBL-activating (E1), -c

120 Modified UBLs were radioiodinated and incubated with cell lysates

121 ontrolled chemical assembly of fully natural UBL-Ub, Ub-UBL, and UBL-UBL conjugates from recombinant

122 New UBL substrates continue to be identified and further exp

123 Here, we describe the collection of UBL/UBA proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, including four

124 d further expand the functional diversity of UBL pathways in cellular homeostasis and physiology.

125 esidues conserved among the larger family of UBL-containing proteins and IKKbeta, and alanine scannin

126 quilin/PLIC proteins belong to the family of UBL-UBA proteins implicated in the regulation of the ubi

127 general strategy for selective inhibition of UBL conjugation pathways.

128 kinetic analysis revealed that the rates of UBL-adenylate (step 1) and thioester (step 2) formation

129 This highlights the central role of UBL systems in regulation of ubiquitous as well as speci

130 g E1 enzymes that activate the C-terminus of UBL proteins for subsequent conjugation to the protein s

131 vel substrates, mechanisms, and functions of UBLs.

132 mes, indicating tissue-specific functions of UBLs.

133 main can form catch bonds with more than one UBL substrate, and provide insights into how mechanoregu

134 deconjugating enzymes that remove the Ub or UBL adduct.

135 in activating the C-terminus of ubiquitin or UBL, which is an essential step that triggers subsequent

136 ntly, we also find that the ability of other UBL/UBA proteins to associate with Ufd2 correlates with

137 ecifically activates ubiquitin but not other UBLs in vitro and in vivo.

138 w a marked preference for polyubiquitin over UBLs.

139 anism of NEDD8 ligation and how a particular UBL and acceptor lysine are matched by a multifunctional

140 e report the structure of the phosphorylated UBL domain from parkin.

141 -like protein (UBL) intermediate and promote UBL transfer to a remotely bound target protein.

142 two E3s function synergistically to promote UBL transfer from one E2 to a target.

143 of the UBL's C-terminus, prior to promoting UBL transfer to a downstream E2.

144 r DVE-1 and the small ubiquitin-like protein UBL-5, both of which are encoded by genes required for s

145 ccB is homologous to ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) activating enzyme (E1) adenylation domains.

146 e conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) Atg8 during autophagy.

147 In ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) cascades, a thioester-linked E2 approximately UBL c

148 ked E2 approximately ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) intermediate and promote UBL transfer to a remotely

149 ng these is ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that can be covalently attached to both host and vi

150 f ubiquitin (Ub) or ubiquitin-like proteins (UBL) to target proteins is a crucial post-translational

151 Ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are conjugated by dynamic E1-E2-E3 enzyme cascades

152 Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) are directed to targets by cascades of E1, E2, and

153 s with ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) by means of an E1-E2-E3 cascade controls many sign

154 adducts with other ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) catalyzed by their cognate-activating enzymes.

155 Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) function as critical post-translational modifiers

156 on by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) is a major eukaryotic mechanism for regulating pro

157 ns by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) is widely used by eukaryotic cells to control prot

158 nteraction with the ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) of the Atg8/LC3/GABARAP family and adaptors, Atg11

159 ides of ubiquitin (UB) and UB-like proteins (UBLs) play a key role in their recognition by the specif

160 of proteins by ubiquitin (Ub)-like proteins (UBLs) plays an important role in many cellular processes

161 The ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs) that are part of this family adopt the beta-grasp

162 ds to the effects of other Ub-like proteins (UBLs), and deconjugating enzymes that remove the Ub or U

163 , and activates two ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs), ubiquitin and FAT10.

164 on to ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs), which controls an enormous range of physiological

165 umi was on the role ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs)-Atg5, Atg12, and Atg8-play in the formation of the

166 er of the family of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs).

167 tion of Atg8-family ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs).

168 ly modified UBL probes reacted with purified UBL-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2), and -deconjugati

169 Interestingly, fusion of the isolated R42P UBL to NAT1 WT results in a fusion product that is traff

170 tionally, the analogous surface on the Rad23 UBL domain overlaps with that required for interaction w

171 Although structurally related, UBLs regulate a strikingly diverse set of cellular proce

172 R12 as well as Nle1 through their respective UBL domains.

173 evidence of decreased sexual IPV with men's UBL across men's and women's reports and of increased HI

174 = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.89-1.50; p = 0.291; men's UBL arm AOR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.63-1.01, p = 0.062).

175 R = 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.42, p = 0.414; men's UBL arm AOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81-1.28, p = 0.865) or sex

176 The men's UBL intervention could help accelerate progress towards

177 For the secondary outcomes, only the men's UBL intervention significantly reduced male perpetration

178 g additional outcomes of interest, the men's UBL intervention was associated with a significant reduc

179 UBL; 1,691 households, 16 clusters in men's UBL).

180 pia, was randomly allocated to 4 arms (men's UBL, women's UBL, couples' UBL, or control).

181 ts were randomly allocated to control, men's UBL, women's UBL, or couples' UBL, and approximately 106

182 NK1 phosphorylation of serine 65 in parkin's UBL and serine 65 of ubiquitin fully activate ubiquitin

183 nt, while simultaneously freeing Ubiquilin's UBL domain for targeting to the proteasome.

184 interval [CI]: 0.77-1.30, p = 0.973; women's UBL arm AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.42, p = 0.414; men's U

185 0.86, 95% CI: 0.62-1.20, p = 0.378; women's UBL arm AOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.89-1.50; p = 0.291; men's

186 derate depression among women in the women's UBL arm only (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.13-2.41, p = 0.010),

187 mptoms of moderate depression in the women's UBL arm.

188 HIV knowledge, and both couples' and women's UBL significantly increased reported condom use at last

189 omly allocated to 4 arms (men's UBL, women's UBL, couples' UBL, or control).

190 mly allocated to control, men's UBL, women's UBL, or couples' UBL, and approximately 106 households p

191 BL; 1,707 households, 16 clusters in women's UBL; 1,691 households, 16 clusters in men's UBL).

192 mal to T1 within the Rpn1 toroid is a second UBL-binding site ( T2: ) that assists in ubiquitin chain

193 -like (TRAF) domain and the first and second UBL domains (UBL1-2) within the C-terminal tail.

194 ycine-glycine-arginine (RGGR) motif of SF3A1-UBL binds sequence specifically by inserting into the RN

195 nking mass spectrometry data show that SF3A1-UBL recognizes, sequence specifically, the GCG/CGC RNA s

196 Thus, the characterization of the SF3A1-UBL/U1-SL4 complex expands the repertoire of RNA binding

197 Some UBL proteins are present in all cell types, while others

198 less, RING E3 mechanisms matching a specific UBL and acceptor lysine remain elusive, including for RB

199 stems use related enzymes to attach specific UBLs to proteins (or other molecules), and most of these

200 ability of the proteasome to degrade stable UBL-tagged substrates.

201 h ISG15, a 15 kD interferon-(IFN) stimulated UBL found in mammals.

202 is increasing evidence suggesting that such UBL-protein modification evolved from prokaryotic sulphu

203 l stress promotes accumulation of GFP-tagged UBL-5 in nuclei of transgenic worms, suggesting that UBL

204 analysis revealed that 40.1 contains tandem UBL domains, and shares homology with ISG15, a 15 kD int

205 bind ubiquitin in addition to an N-terminal UBL domain that binds S5a and S2, two components of the

206 nd dissociation of the regulatory N-terminal UBL domain.

207 asome Ub receptor RPN10 via their N-terminal UBL domains.

208 We demonstrate that UBL/UBA proteins can bind a common tetraubiquitin molecu

209 turbed in ubl-5(RNAi) worms, indicating that UBL-5 also counteracts physiological levels of mitochond

210 nuclei of transgenic worms, suggesting that UBL-5 effects a nuclear step required for mounting a res

211 olvement in the UFD pathway, suggesting that UBL-mediated interactions may contribute to the substrat

212 mmon ancestor of eukaryotes, suggesting that UBL-protein conjugation did not first evolve in eukaryot

213 The UBL and target regulate the catalytic machinery by posit

214 The UBL probes described here will be valuable tools for the

215 rich) that forms homo-oligomer, allowing the UBL domain to form multivalent interactions with gp78 an

216 geting systems: linear Ub(4) degrons and the UBL domain from yeast Rad23, both of which are commonly

217 it more weakly, with the proteasome, and the UBL is dispensable for this interaction.

218 in ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, and the UBL method offers many advantages for studies of the div

219 Compound 1 is less potent with FAT10 as the UBL compared with ubiquitin in ATP-PP(i) exchange assays

220 ke (UBL) domain of Ytm1/WDR12 as well as the UBL domain of Rsa4/Nle1 in a later step in the ribosome

221 investigate how the interaction between the UBL and UBA domains may modulate ubiquitin recognition a

222 the 3D structure of the complex between the UBL of SF3A1 and U1-SL4 RNA.

223 ubiquitin chain disassembly, by binding the UBL of deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp6.

224 The E1 first binds the UBL and catalyzes adenylation of the UBL's C-terminus, p

225 er, we show that phosphorylation of both the UBL domain and ubiquitin are required to activate parkin

226 ntly, but instead require integration by the UBL and target for maximal reactivity.

227 ires the HDD domain and is stimulated by the UBL domain, which mediates high-affinity interaction wit

228 hat precludes unfolding and degradation; the UBL degron favors degradation of even difficult-to-unfol

229 and proteasome-interacting UBL domains, the UBL domain is atypical, as it binds ubiquitin.

230 various UBL-interacting proteins, dubbed the UBL interactome, represent a network of proteins that fu

231 -specific labeling patterns observed for the UBL probes reflect distinct expression profiles of activ

232 However, the UBL motif was necessary for GSK3beta degradation.

233 inding model using specific mutations in the UBL domain.

234 this analysis is to assess engagement in the UBL intervention and to examine the relationship between

235 's Arg 72, which corresponds to Ala72 in the UBL NEDD8, is a key E1 selectivity determinant: swapping

236 Mutations in the UBL of Rad23 alter its interactions with Ufd2 and the pr

237 exists only in IKKbeta and that we named the UBL-like domain (ULD).

238 Here we present the crystal structure of the UBL domain of the WDR12 homologue from S. cerevisiae at

239 Deletion of the UBL domain or pharmacological inhibition of proteasomes

240 trated that, like the founding member of the UBL family ubiquitin, these small but versatile protein

241 CRLs are activated by ligation of the UBL NEDD8 to a conserved cullin lysine.

242 bit caspases by promoting conjugation of the UBL NEDD8.

243 We find that destabilization of the UBL results from rearrangements to hydrophobic core pack

244 two E3s, Hrt1 and Dcn1, for ligation of the UBL Rub1 to Cdc53's WHB subdomain.

245 nds the UBL and catalyzes adenylation of the UBL's C-terminus, prior to promoting UBL transfer to a d

246 UBQLN2 is a ubiquitin receptor of the UBL/UBA family that binds the proteasome through its ubi

247 required to activate parkin by releasing the UBL domain, forming an extended structure needed to faci

248 Surprisingly, the UBL degron allows for degradation of the most stable sGF

249 Unexpectedly, we find that the UBL domain is involved in homo-oligomerization of BMI1.

250 Here, we demonstrate that the UBL domain of Bag6 is required for interaction with the

251 Our evidence further suggests that the UBL domain of Dsk2 is critical for inclusion body format

252 We present evidence that the UBL domain of HHR23A negatively regulates polyubiquitin/

253 The findings suggest that the UBL intervention was associated with a reduction in men'

254 Here, we demonstrate that the UBL motif of Rad23 also binds Ufd2, an E4 enzyme essenti

255 We propose that the UBL motif, a protein-protein interaction module, may be

256 and were not previously known to bind to the UBL domain of hHR23B.

257 Thus, transferring the UBL's thioester linkage between successive conjugation e

258 By tethering the cargo to the UBLs present on the forming autophagosome, the latter pr

259 adenylation, forming a covalent E1 throught UBL thioester intermediate, and generating a thioester-l

260 nd generating a thioester-linked E2 throught UBL product, which must be released for subsequent react

261 Central to UBL protein signaling pathways are UBL protein-activatin

262 Moreover, proteins similar to UBL-conjugating enzymes and UBL-deconjugating enzymes se

263 report the structural analysis of a trapped UBL activation complex for the human NEDD8 pathway, cont

264 differential binding stabilities of the two UBL/Ub domains that were validated experimentally.

265 hemical assembly of fully natural UBL-Ub, Ub-UBL, and UBL-UBL conjugates from recombinant monomers is

266 ck by a lysine on a charged E2 enzyme (E2~Ub/UBL), forming an oxyanion intermediate.

267 recognition sites on Rpn1 for individual Ub/UBL signals and further emphasize the complexity of the

268 ication, a quantitative method to measure Ub/UBL activation by E1 is lacking.

269 Rpn1 appears to contain multiple Ub/UBL-binding sites, theoretically as many as one for each

270 y to accurately measure the activation of Ub/UBL by E1 independent of the E2/E3 enzymes.

271 nate E2s resulting in the fidelity of the Ub/UBL conjugation machinery.

272 Ubiquitin/UBL-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are responsible, as part o

273 d mechanistic understanding of how ubiquitin/UBL substrate attachment is orchestrated indicate that E

274 on modulating other members of the ubiquitin/UBL cascades or the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

275 g single moieties or polychains of ubiquitin/UBLs to one or multiple residues on substrate proteins.

276 UBQLN2 UBL exhibits 25-fold stronger affinity for the N-termina

277 Moreover, we discover that UBQLN2 UBL is fine-tuned for the hRpn10 UIM-1 site over the UIM

278 re, we define how hRpn10 binds to the UBQLN2 UBL domain, solving the structure of this complex by NMR

279 n understanding the specificities underlying UBL pathways.

280 3 and Ddi1 interact with each other by using UBL/UBA domain interactions in a manner that does not pr

281 The various UBL systems use related enzymes to attach specific UBLs

282 These various UBL-interacting proteins, dubbed the UBL interactome, re

283 reveal that hHR23a interacts with hPLIC2 via UBL/UBA domain interactions and to map their binding sur

284 Protein modification occurs via UBL-conjugating and -deconjugating enzymes, which presum

285 meotic proteins and homo-oligomerization via UBL domain are necessary for H2A ubiquitination activity

286 ur results suggest a mechanism through which UBL/UBA proteins could protect chains from premature de-

287 on assays, we show that Rpn1 associates with UBL-containing proteins and polyUb chains, while exhibit

288 special emphasis on their interactions with UBLs.