ライフサイエンスコーパス: West Nile virus

1 ous RNA viruses (e.g., influenza A virus and West Nile virus).

2 ther emerging flaviviral infections, such as West Nile virus.

3 est Nile virus and an sfRNA-deficient mutant West Nile virus.

4 bility to infection by influenza A virus and West Nile virus.

5 HIV-1, Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and West Nile virus.

6 ans, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and West Nile virus.

7 rovide new insights into the pathogenesis of West Nile virus.

8 ed enhanced susceptibility to infection with West Nile virus.

9 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and West Nile virus.

10 acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and West Nile virus.

11 ontribute to weak, cross-reactive binding to West Nile virus.

12 rtality in mice infected with chikungunya or West Nile virus.

13 vine viral diarrhea virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus.

14 es jamaicensis), and the recent emergence of West Nile virus.

15 h as dengue fever, malaria, chikungunya, and West Nile virus.

16 ated chimeric vaccine for protection against West Nile virus.

17 l as diagnostic testing for Dengue fever and West Nile virus.

18 st other flaviviruses, such as Zika virus or West Nile virus.

19 esions reported in cases of Dengue fever and West Nile virus.

20 iviral therapeutics against either Kunjin or West Nile viruses.

21 mosquito, the vector of filaria parasites or West Nile viruses.

22 viviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses.

23 avivirus related to yellow fever, dengue and West Nile viruses.

24 nd is similar to the one found in dengue and West Nile viruses.

25 other known flaviviruses such as dengue and West Nile viruses.

26 ublications to probe fusion of influenza and West Nile viruses.

27 lavivirus like the dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses.

28 primary DENV3, 67 secondary DENV, 36 primary West Nile virus, 38 primary ZIKV, and 35 ZIKV with previ

29 We illustrate the approach with West Nile virus, a globally-spreading zoonotic arbovirus

30 s River virus, but not in mice infected with West Nile virus-a flavivirus.

31 nzootic (wildlife) cycles, as in the case of West Nile virus accompanying geographic expansion into t

32 We apply this framework to the spread of the West Nile virus across North America, an important recen

33 ve been combined into a single construct and West Nile virus added to the resultant resource.

34 , we infected mosquitoes with the flavivirus West Nile virus and an sfRNA-deficient mutant West Nile

35 mmunologic exposure to arboviruses including West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus ha

36 ows for reliable discrimination of ZIKV from West Nile virus and four dengue virus serotypes.

37 es evaluated in humans in settings including West Nile virus and HIV infection and in pre-exposure pr

38 to reveal that, for at least two infections, West Nile virus and Lyme disease, large hosts should be

39 luence the risk of zoonotic diseases such as West Nile Virus and Lyme disease.

40 ons against divergent RNA viruses, including West Nile virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

41 Culex pipiens is the mosquito that vectors West Nile Virus and other human-pathogenic flavivruses i

42 phins, and captive orcas have been killed by West Nile virus and St.

43 r three (11%): two with potential pathogens (West Nile virus and Toxoplasma gondii) and one with Stre

44 able to reduce the replication of infectious West Nile virus and yellow fever virus in cell culture w

45 A viruses (Sindbis virus, hepatitis C virus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus), DNA viruses (vaccini

46 ro and in vivo, including influenza viruses, West Nile virus, and dengue virus.

47 ous human pathogens, including dengue virus, West Nile virus, and hepatitis C virus.

48 illustrated by bluetongue, Lyme disease, and West Nile virus, and it is also emerging, as illustrated

49 velope protein (E) of dengue viruses (DENV), West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) a

50 of live viruses as follows: La Crosse virus, West Nile virus, and Sendai virus.

51 ars, including epidemics of dengue virus and West Nile virus, and the most recent explosive epidemic

52 'nyong-nyong virus, Rift Valley fever virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus), 8 bacteria (Ba

53 ilar envelope protein, such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus.

54 ow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses, and vaccination with an inactivated v

55 ow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses, and vaccination with an inactivated w

56 derived from African and Asian lineages and West Nile virus, another flavivirus.

57 including tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, antagonize IFN-I signaling by inhibitin

58 lowing adult mosquito control operations for West Nile virus appear negligible.

59 Neuroinvasive viruses such as West Nile virus are able to infect neurons and cause sev

60 s like dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and West Nile virus are enveloped particles spread by mosqui

61 Dengue and West Nile virus are rapidly spreading global pathogens f

62 at all serotypes of dengue virus, as well as West Nile virus, are highly sensitive to both methotrexa

63 Virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus, as well the human polyomaviruses BK/JC/

64 acting on the vector index may help prevent West Nile virus-associated illness.

65 RepliVax-TBE based on a West Nile virus backbone (RV-WN/TBE) grew more efficient

66 ciency of Kunjin virus.IMPORTANCE Kunjin and West Nile viruses belong to the arthropod-borne flavivir

67 The incidence of human West Nile virus cases across US counties responded unimo

68 uding hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, chikungunya virus, Venezuelan equine en

69 West Nile virus continues to cause large outbreaks in th

70 was little evidence that scaly-leg mites or West Nile virus contributed to recent declines in adult

71 Two vectors of West Nile virus, Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p.

72 iruses of the family Flaviviridae, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, and hepatitis C virus, as

73 culture by pathogenic RNA viruses, including West Nile virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, influe

74 gue; and mosquito-borne dengue, malaria, and West Nile virus disease, include (a) selection of spatia

75 e utility of PrimalSeq by measuring Zika and West Nile virus diversity from varied sample types and s

76 y different viruses, including dengue virus, West Nile virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Zika vi

77 iabetes is associated with increased risk of West Nile virus encephalitis (WNVE).

78 We report here a case of fatal West Nile virus encephalitis confounded by the presence

79 ion, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to West Nile virus encephalitis in mice.

80 irus hemagglutinin (a "class I" fusogen) and West Nile virus envelope protein ("class II").

81 Large West Nile virus epidemics in Dallas County begin early a

82 gressive declines over recent years, in 2012 West Nile virus epidemics resurged nationwide, with the

83 In North America, West Nile virus has and will remain a formidable clinica

84 Malaria has re-emerged in Greece, and West Nile virus has emerged throughout parts of eastern

85 e its introduction in North America in 1999, West Nile virus has produced the 3 largest arboviral neu

86 What do Zika, Dengue and West Nile viruses have in common?

87 e, including dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and West Nile virus, identifies conserved regions modified b

88 ines the infection and transmission rates of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes.

89 Lessons from the outbreaks of West Nile virus in North America and chikungunya in the

90 indices and following geospatial patterns of West Nile virus in prior years.

91 such as witnessed with Zika virus (ZIKV) or West Nile virus in the Americas.

92 ral property of neurotropic flaviviruses, as West Nile virus indiscriminately killed both tumor and n

93 lly, capsid protein of Dengue virus, but not West Nile virus, induced ribosomal stress and apoptosis.

94 index (an estimate of the average number of West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes per trap-night).

95 Furthermore, West Nile virus-infected Sel K(-/-) mice demonstrated si

96 rulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) as well as West Nile virus infection and demonstrate rapid and robu

97 included numbers of residents diagnosed with West Nile virus infection between May 30, 2012, and Dece

98 After resolution of West Nile virus infection in mice, we demonstrate that L

99 infections were strikingly inhibited, while West Nile virus infection was unchanged, in cells that l

100 Using a mouse model of West Nile virus infection, we examined the role of Tregs

101 AR signaling showed decreased survival after West Nile virus infection.

102 West Nile virus infections were performed, and Sel K(-/-

103 sproportionately affecting the elderly, like West Nile virus, influenza virus, norovirus, or other em

104 West Nile virus is an emerging virus whose virulence is

105 We demonstrate that the dispersal of West Nile virus is greater and far more variable than pr

106 West Nile virus is now endemic throughout the contiguous

107 inst dengue and related flaviviruses such as West Nile virus is the viral serine protease NS2B-NS3.

108 y relevant members of the flavivirus family: West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and dengue

109 ncluding diffusive spread from an epicentre (West Nile virus), jump dispersal on a network (foot-and-

110 e role of motif V in viral replication using West Nile virus (Kunjin subtype) T407A and S411A mutants

111 The crystal structure of West Nile virus MTase in complex with SIN inhibitor at 2

112 he three N-linked glycosylation sites in the West Nile virus NS1 protein completely attenuates mouse

113 pes for protective antibody 22NS1, targeting West Nile Virus NS1, could potentially be valuable in un

114 ophilic warheads as inhibitors of dengue and West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease.

115 an increase in ZIKV replication, but not of West Nile virus or DENV.

116 exposed to any of the four dengue viruses or West Nile virus, or vaccinated against yellow fever viru

117 coordinating neuroinflammation, restricting West Nile virus pathogenesis in neurons.

118 73 cases of WNND, 225 of West Nile fever, 17 West Nile virus-positive blood donors, and 19 deaths in

119 gh resolution X-ray cocrystal structure with West Nile virus protease provide a basis for the design

120 protease was in general higher than against West Nile virus protease.

121 a complex formed during the interaction of a West Nile virus RNA stem loop structure with the human T

122 th the 24-nucleotide DNA probes based on the West Nile virus sequence (Kunjin strain).

123 vated vaccinia virus or H(2)O(2)-inactivated West Nile virus showed high virus-specific neutralizing

124 t common of which include the mosquito-borne West Nile virus, St.

125 ivo properties of previously uncharacterized West Nile virus strains and West Nile-like viruses.

126 There was no evidence of West Nile virus, T. gondii, or Brucella spp. in any of t

127 Culex pipiens is a major carrier of the West Nile Virus, the leading cause of mosquito-borne dis

128 ielded a significant reduction of dengue and West Nile virus titers in cell-based assays of virus rep

129 the presence of morbillivirus, herpesvirus, West Nile virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Brucella spp.

130 uch as eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, underscore the need for research aimed

131 A chimeric live attenuated West Nile virus vaccine, rWN/DEN4Delta30, was shown to b

132 the abundance of the most important regional West Nile virus vector, Culex quinquefasciatus.

133 During the 11 years since West Nile virus was first identified in Dallas, the log-

134 nt identifies current and future hotspots of West Nile virus where mitigation efforts should be focus

135 demonstrate single-tube duplex detection of West Nile virus (WNV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA.

136 West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are import

137 West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV) are mosqui

138 Although West Nile virus (WNV) and other arthropod-borne viruses

139 sid antigens of the viral zoonotic pathogens West Nile virus (WNV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)

140 Although infections with "natural" West Nile virus (WNV) and the chimeric W956IC WNV infect

141 West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) infect human

142 Infections with dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) usually pres

143 ven the rapid spread of flaviviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus, it is critical tha

144 c ISGs and regulatory pathways that restrict West Nile virus (WNV) are not defined.

145 decreased the replication of the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) as well as that of other types of

146 West Nile virus (WNV) can cause severe human neurologica

147 e transfer of immune plasma against DENV and West Nile virus (WNV) can enhance Zika virus (ZIKV) infe

148 West Nile virus (WNV) causes an acute infection that is

149 V infection in ex vivo CNS tissue.IMPORTANCE West Nile virus (WNV) causes substantial morbidity and m

150 ells by the RNA virus dengue virus (DENV) or West Nile virus (WNV) does not result in the production

151 cleavage by furin of prM on partially mature West Nile virus (WNV) during virus entry contributes to

152 The arthropod-borne West Nile virus (WNV) emerged in New York State in 1999

153 In December 2010, a case of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis occurring in a kidney

154 Il22(-/-) mice were more resistant to lethal West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, but had similar vira

155 Using a mouse model of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, we show that RIPK3 r

156 rologic control within the CNS during murine West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis.

157 ts inflammation within the CNS during murine West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis.

158 The West Nile Virus (WNV) envelope protein, E, promotes memb

159 e United States experienced one of its worst West Nile virus (WNV) epidemics, reporting 5,387 human c

160 Having previously reported a series of West Nile virus (WNV) epitopes that are naturally presen

161 nts who survive neuroinvasive infection with West Nile virus (WNV) exhibit chronic cognitive sequelae

162 The 3'-terminal nucleotides (nt) of West Nile virus (WNV) genomic RNA form a penultimate 16-

163 West Nile virus (WNV) has become established across the

164 West Nile virus (WNV) has become the most epidemiologica

165 e its introduction to North America in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has had devastating impacts on nat

166 e first introduced to North America in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread rapidly across the cont

167 introduction in New York City, NY, in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread to all 48 contiguous st

168 introduction in New York City, NY, in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread to all 48 contiguous st

169 Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread to all 48 of the lower

170 ibution of the ISG viperin to the control of West Nile virus (WNV) in genetically deficient cells and

171 The emergence of the vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) in North America in 1999 represent

172 ) of the United States has been a hotspot of West Nile virus (WNV) incidence since 2002.

173 gan transplant recipients with donor-derived West Nile virus (WNV) infection (encephalitis 3, asympto

174 ntibody isolated from a patient, neutralizes West Nile virus (WNV) infection at a postattachment stag

175 I3K signaling is critical for the control of West Nile virus (WNV) infection by regulating type I IFN

176 The severity of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in immunocompetent anima

177 tive immune responses is required to control West Nile virus (WNV) infection in peripheral and centra

178 West Nile virus (WNV) infection leads to rapid and susta

179 ents with a clinical picture consistent with West Nile virus (WNV) infection, which was defined as no

180 rogation of Sema7A protects mice from lethal West Nile virus (WNV) infection.

181 the target enzyme, and evaluated against the West Nile virus (WNV) infection.

182 ne during recovery from Zika virus (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV) infection.

183 cial role of CD8(+) T cells in recovery from West Nile virus (WNV) infection.

184 unity and play a vital role in recovery from West Nile virus (WNV) infection.

185 West Nile Virus (WNV) infections continue to grow in the

186 acute Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) infections is the premembrane/enve

187 s, chimeric viruses were generated using the West Nile virus (WNV) infectious clone, into which EIIIs

188 We report the generation of West Nile virus (WNV) infectious clones for the pathogen

189 The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 is a cl

190 A paradigmatic case is the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999.

191 dentify novel therapeutic targets.IMPORTANCE West Nile virus (WNV) is a clinically relevant pathogen

192 West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus that causes mening

193 West Nile virus (WNV) is a major cause of mosquito-borne

194 West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus tha

195 West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus tha

196 West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne infection that

197 West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivir

198 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus and th

199 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that c

200 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that c

201 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that h

202 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic mosquito-borne fl

203 West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic ssRNA flavivirus

204 West Nile virus (WNV) is a prototypical emerging virus f

205 West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging pathogen and the

206 West Nile virus (WNV) is a RNA virus of the family Flavi

207 West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging cause of meningitis

208 West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flav

209 West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen that is no

210 g of WNV-specific T cell immunity.IMPORTANCE West Nile virus (WNV) is an encephalitic flavivirus that

211 West Nile virus (WNV) is an enveloped positive-stranded

212 West Nile virus (WNV) is an important cause of viral enc

213 West Nile Virus (WNV) is endemic in Israel and has been

214 West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the continental

215 West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the United State

216 The mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is responsible for outbreaks of vi

217 West Nile virus (WNV) is similar to other RNA viruses in

218 West Nile virus (WNV) is the most common arthropod-borne

219 West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important cause of epi

220 West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important cause of epi

221 West Nile virus (WNV) is the most important cause of mos

222 West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted to vertebrate hosts

223 previously produced a replication-defective West Nile virus (WNV) lacking NS1 (WNV-DeltaNS1) that co

224 Immunopathogenesis studies employing West Nile virus (WNV) mice model are important for the d

225 Here we show that a West Nile virus (WNV) mutant (E218A) that lacks 2'-O MTa

226 West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural (NS) 4B-P38G mutant

227 ions 10 and 11 from dengue virus (DENV) into West Nile virus (WNV) NS1 (RQ10NK) changed its relative

228 The dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile Virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 proteases are attractive

229 ical determinants of distinct pathologies of West Nile virus (WNV) NY99 (pathogenic) and WNV Eg101 (n

230 mination, and lethality after infection with West Nile virus (WNV) or several other pathogenic viruse

231 t persist after recovery from infection with West Nile virus (WNV) or Zika virus (ZIKV) impact hippoc

232 alleles, we investigated how IRF5 modulates West Nile virus (WNV) pathogenesis and host immune respo

233 Apoptosis is an important mechanism of West Nile virus (WNV) pathogenesis within the central ne

234 A modified replicon encoding West Nile virus (WNV) premembrane and envelope proteins

235 election on RNA virus genomes, we quantified West Nile virus (WNV) quasispecies diversity after passa

236 West Nile virus (WNV) recently became endemic in the Uni

237 West Nile virus (WNV) remains an important public health

238 West Nile virus (WNV) replicates in the skin; however, c

239 ted that type I interferon (IFN-I) restricts West Nile virus (WNV) replication and pathogenesis in pe

240 strict the vertebrate host's IFN-I response, West Nile virus (WNV) replication is sensitive to pretre

241 e have investigated the role of autophagy in West Nile virus (WNV) replication.

242 luorescent protein (GFP) reporter-expressing West Nile virus (WNV) replicon.

243 Detection of West Nile virus (WNV) RNA in urine has been anecdotally

244 e illustrate our approach by focusing on the West Nile virus (WNV) spread in North America that has s

245 While a West Nile virus (WNV) subgenomic RNA could readily be pa

246 of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted West Nile virus (WNV) T-cell ligands and characterizatio

247 The introduction and rapid spread of West Nile virus (WNV) throughout the continental United

248 ChimeriVax-WN02 is a novel live-attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine containing modified WNV pr

249 ng host immunity against the live attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine strain, the nonstructural

250 Several viable West Nile virus (WNV) variants with chimeric E proteins

251 will affect the abundance and seasonality of West Nile virus (WNV) vectors, altering the risk of viru

252 this epitope fail to recognize fully mature West Nile virus (WNV) virions and accordingly neutralize

253 14 subjects with a history of infection with West Nile virus (WNV), (ii) 34 healthy subjects of diffe

254 West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flavivirus genus,

255 West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has

256 West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne, single-stranded

257 dently generated CMV-Cre Irf5fl/fl mice with West Nile virus (WNV), a pathogenic neurotropic flavivir

258 West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging mosquito-borne flaviv

259 optimal priming of adaptive immunity against West Nile virus (WNV), an emerging vector-borne virus, d

260 ous system (CNS) that restricts infection by West Nile virus (WNV), an encephalitic flavivirus of glo

261 ts significance as an antiviral gene against West Nile virus (WNV), an encephalitic flavivirus, in ce

262 zed the antiviral activity of Ifitm3 against West Nile virus (WNV), an encephalitic flavivirus, using

263 NV, as well as against a related flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), and an alphavirus, Sindbis virus

264 n by dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

265 including dengue viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (

266 flaviviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), highlight

267 virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus (WNV), are a serious concern for human h

268 laviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV), are endemic.

269 Postinfection with West Nile virus (WNV), BAFF increased in CD8(-) cDCs and

270 t the closely related dengue virus (DENV) or West Nile virus (WNV), can efficiently infect key placen

271 After challenge with West Nile virus (WNV), caspase-12-deficient mice had gre

272 Over the past decade, West Nile virus (WNV), Dengue virus (DENV), and Chikungu

273 pairs replication of flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika vir

274 viruses from the Flavivirus genus, including West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika vir

275 E33 is sensitive to the maturation state of West Nile virus (WNV), despite its recognition of an acc

276 xtensive screen of CC-F1 lines infected with West Nile virus (WNV), including comprehensive immunophe

277 Enveloped RNA viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), invade the CNS and cause encephal

278 gence of mosquito-borne RNA viruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), is facilitated by genetically com

279 ivirus (SCFV) vaccine candidate derived from West Nile virus (WNV), is intrinsically adjuvanted with

280 erpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) with influenza virus, West Nile virus (WNV), or vesicular stomatitis virus (VS

281 epresentative members of lineage one and two West Nile virus (WNV), previously was isolated from Cule

282 ow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and West Nile virus (WNV), profoundly affect human health.

283 naturally occurring nonpathogenic strain of West Nile virus (WNV), the Kunjin strain (WNV(KUN)), rem

284 West Nile virus (WNV), the world's most widespread arbov

285 In infection due to West Nile virus (WNV), we found that expression of 2 PMN

286 tural dynamics of the frameshift signal from West Nile virus (WNV), which stimulates -1 PRF at very h

287 s with mortality among rodents infected with West Nile virus (WNV), which suggests that this is a pri

288 West Nile virus (WNV)-a mosquito-borne arbovirus-entered

289 Examination of cellular miRNA profiles in West Nile virus (WNV)-infected HEK293 and SK-N-MC cells

290 onors provides opportunities for identifying West Nile virus (WNV)-infected persons before symptoms d

291 iviral role for Ifi27l2a during infection by West Nile virus (WNV).

292 on of mutations into the structural genes of West Nile virus (WNV).

293 1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and West Nile virus (WNV).

294 ies (NAbs) to ZIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV).

295 of innate immune signaling or infection with West Nile virus (WNV).

296 taeniorhynchus in maintaining the flavivirus West Nile virus [WNV] should it reach the islands.

297 ropic RNA viruses (e.g., measles virus [MV], West Nile virus [WNV], Sindbis virus [SV], rabies virus

298 ne viruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile viruses, yet for reasons that are largely unkn

299 nese encephalitis virus (YF/JE), or chimeric West Nile virus (YF/WN) vaccines, followed by a secondar

300 option for detection of newer TTIs including West Nile virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), and Babesia microti