ライフサイエンスコーパス: abaxial

1 lance between the relative levels of adaxial/abaxial activities, rather than maintenance of boundarie

2 nar filaments exhibit balanced expression of abaxial-adaxial (ab-ad) genes, while overexpression of a

3 l and flower meristems exhibit a fundamental abaxial-adaxial asymmetry.

4 ording to proximo-distal, medio-lateral, and abaxial-adaxial axes.

5 nar expansion occurs as a result of balanced abaxial-adaxial gene expression.

6 Affected leaves have disrupted abaxial-adaxial polarity and fail to repress the express

7 Here, we show that co-option of the abaxial-adaxial polarity gene network plays a role in th

8 enes comprise a genetic system that patterns abaxial-adaxial polarity in lateral organs produced from

9 The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying abaxial-adaxial polarity in plants have been studied as

10 te that the role of INO in the outgrowth and abaxial-adaxial polarity of the outer integument has bee

11 ll as lines demarcating the proximodistal or abaxial/adaxial axes of the organs.

12 tially defined by their roles in determining abaxial/adaxial cell fate in lateral organs of eudicots,

13 contributes both to abaxial cell fate and to abaxial/adaxial juxtaposition-mediated lamina expansion.

14 otyl curvature, apical hook maintenance, and abaxial/adaxial leaf-blade expansion.

15 he structure and chemical composition of the abaxial (always present) and adaxial (occurring only in

16 ) mutant leaves develop distinct adaxial and abaxial anatomical features.

17 nd gene expression patterns suggest that the abaxial and adaxial domains of leaf primordia are import

18 We measured the physiological response of abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces to elevated CO(2) conc

19 spatially over the leaf surface and between abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces, with distribution gre

20 4 h after the deposition of water drops onto abaxial and adaxial surfaces, evidence for water penetra

21 leaf apical, mid-, and basal zones for both abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

22 shed by the distribution of trichomes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

23 owth: patterning and coordination of adaxial-abaxial and mediolateral axes 713 VI.

24 phogenesis with patterning along the adaxial-abaxial and the proximal-distal axes.

25 ies have leaves with two surfaces: the lower abaxial and the upper adaxial surface.

26 develop proximodistal, dorsoventral (adaxial-abaxial), and mediolateral patterns following initiation

27 also led to a perturbation of normal adaxial-abaxial asymmetry in lateral organs, resulting in the re

28 most of the total variance and that adaxial-abaxial asymmetry is the dominant component of fluctuati

29 Our results suggest that adaxial/abaxial asymmetry of lateral organs is specified in the

30 wth of leaf blades is oriented by an adaxial/abaxial axis aligned with the original axis of polarity

31 In contrast, patterning in the adaxial-abaxial axis occurs progressively, with markers of xylem

32 Once an adaxial-abaxial axis of polarity is established within organ pri

33 The adaxial-abaxial axis reflects positional differences in the leaf

34 plants display polarity along their adaxial-abaxial axis with distinct cell types forming at differe

35 establish opposing domains along the adaxial-abaxial axis, thus revealing a novel mechanism of patter

36 ia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

37 ia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

38 KAN1 act oppositely to regulate the adaxial-abaxial axis.

39 zed organogenic zone prepatterns the adaxial-abaxial axis.

40 y the boundary between the adaxial (top) and abaxial (bottom) domains of the leaf, which are specifie

41 STF is expressed at the adaxial-abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and governs org

42 kely refined by signaling across the adaxial-abaxial boundary.

43 side from which embryos develop and from the abaxial callus at five time points over the course of th

44 lysis suggested that the observed changes in abaxial cell elongation rates during ethylene treatment

45 c expression studies suggest that ubiquitous abaxial cell fate and maintenance of a functional apical

46 , polar YABBY expression contributes both to abaxial cell fate and to abaxial/adaxial juxtaposition-m

47 Two primary determinants of abaxial cell fate are members of the KANADI and YABBY ge

48 ily are responsible for the specification of abaxial cell fate in lateral organs of Arabidopsis.

49 appear to have conserved roles in specifying abaxial cell fate in leaves, floral organs and ovules.

50 of these genes is precisely correlated with abaxial cell fate in mutants in which abaxial cell fates

51 KANADI (KAN) transcription factors promote abaxial cell fate throughout plant development and are r

52 implicated in the meristem identity and the abaxial cell fate, and repressed the expression of other

53 equired late in leaf development to maintain abaxial cell fate.

54 s, where YABBY expression is correlated with abaxial cell fate.

55 imordia where it promotes lateral growth and abaxial cell fate.

56 d with abaxial cell fate in mutants in which abaxial cell fates are found ectopically, reduced or eli

57 model in which the juxtaposition of ad- and abaxial cell fates is required for blade outgrowth.

58 NO OUTER (INO) expression is limited to the abaxial cell layer of the incipient and developing outer

59 ble mutant plants, there is a replacement of abaxial cell types by adaxial ones in most lateral organ

60 nts results in progressive transformation of abaxial cell types into adaxial ones and a correlated lo

61 Ectopic leaf flaps develop where adaxial and abaxial cell types juxtapose.

62 leaves, as mutants lacking either adaxial or abaxial cell types often develop radially symmetric late

63 eral organs, resulting in the replacement of abaxial cell types with adaxial cell types.

64 ) mutants exhibit no reduction in adaxial or abaxial cell types, areas of epidermal cell swapping may

65 ple leaves, the specification of adaxial and abaxial cells is important for formation of the leaf bla

66 ponastic leaf movement and cell expansion in abaxial cells of the basal petiole region, while both re

67 er causes AS2 to be ectopically expressed in abaxial cells, resulting in a dominant, adaxialized phen

68 t KAN1 represses the transcription of AS2 in abaxial cells.

69 on chromosome 10 linked to stomatal size and abaxial contact angle.

70 thetic efficiency, whereas in F. carica, the abaxial cystoliths did not increase photosynthetic effic

71 In F. microcarpa, both adaxial and abaxial cystoliths efficiently contributed to light redi

72 e a gradient of small RNAs that patterns the abaxial determinant AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3.

73 dependent mechanisms to directly repress the abaxial determinants MIR166A, YABBY5, and AUXIN RESPONSE

74 However, PD transport in the adaxial-abaxial direction was unaffected in cpd33 mutant leaves.

75 t the symmetry in the left-right and adaxial-abaxial directions can be considered separately and in c

76 g KANADI transcription factors determine the abaxial domain (future lower side).

77 eins) are expressed in either the adaxial or abaxial domain of organ primordia where they confer thes

78 t in the embryonic meristem, and then in the abaxial domain of the developing leaf.

79 explained by decoupling of the primaxial and abaxial domains and by increases in somite number, not b

80 mediated by the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial domains and maintained by WOX homeobox transcrip

81 maintain the distinction between adaxial and abaxial domains in the growing leaf primordium.

82 planar and nonplanar leaves through adaxial-abaxial domains of gene activity establishing a polarity

83 juxtaposition of upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing leaf primordium.

84 teraction between upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing primordium.

85 regulating gene expression along the adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) and proximal-distal polarity ax

86 elop distinct cell types along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axes.

87 ral organs are polarized along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axis.

88 In maize, adaxial/abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity is established by a

89 Furthermore, redundant abaxial-enriched ARF repressors suppress WOX1 and PRS ex

90 t that adaxial-expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) and abaxial-enriched auxin together act as positional cues f

91 irg1 mutants is due to complete loss of the abaxial epicuticular wax crystals and reduced surface hy

92 GTL1 expression occurred in abaxial epidermal cells where the protein was localized

93 of rgd2-R mutant plants, swapping of adaxial/abaxial epidermal identity occurs and suggests a model w

94 ssion is limited to cells of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, suggesting that the LACS2 enzy

95 following model for the construction of the abaxial epidermal primary cell wall: the cell deposits s

96 Stomata in abaxial epidermal strips of Arabidopsis ecotype Landsber

97 properties, especially the thickness of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll.

98 he main veins in the lemma and glume, and in abaxial epidermis hair cells of the lemma, glume, and ra

99 w that glucosinolates accumulate in the leaf abaxial epidermis in a GTR-independent manner.

100 The presence of Rld1 mutant product in the abaxial epidermis is necessary and sufficient to induce

101 s application of oxalic acid to the detached abaxial epidermis of V. faba leaves induces stomatal ope

102 larged pavement cells, characteristic of the abaxial epidermis of wild type plants, were found in the

103 In addition, they demonstrate the abaxial epidermis sends/receives a cell fate determining

104 a trichome inducer and the competence of the abaxial epidermis to respond to this inducer.

105 ichomes on the adaxial epidermis than on the abaxial epidermis, demonstrating a difference between th

106 plants suppresses trichome initiation on the abaxial epidermis.

107 We also show that the abaxial expression of KAN1 is mediated directly or indir

108 ing technology, here we show that WOX9 is an abaxial factor and functions antagonistically to STF and

109 As yet, no abaxial factors have been identified that when compromis

110 l specification, suggesting that it promotes abaxial fate by excluding adaxial identity.

111 GRAM, however, is not needed for abaxial fate in the absence of adaxial cell specificatio

112 likewise repress these genes, which specify abaxial fate.

113 of the KANADI and YABBY genes, which specify abaxial fate.

114 ractions between genes specifying adaxial or abaxial fates function to maintain dorsoventral polarity

115 e species we found that the ratio of adaxial/abaxial g(cw) (gamma(n) ) is stable within a plant speci

116 e species we found that the ratio of adaxial/abaxial g(cw) (y(n) ) is stable within a plant species.

117 plications arise for determining adaxial and abaxial g(cw) .

118 While adaxial and abaxial g(cw) varies significantly between leaves of the

119 While adaxial and abaxial g(cw) varies significantly between leaves of the

120 Furthermore, abaxial gas exchange contributed c.

121 ments, i.e. a chamber mixing the adaxial and abaxial gases, allowing for a wide application of this t

122 2), in addition to delayed expression of the abaxial gene FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and mis-regulation

123 Shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes have been shown to control leaf peltation

124 shifts in the expression domains of adaxial/abaxial genes, followed by differentiated regional growt

125 oventral) leaf polarity is established by an abaxial gradient of microRNA166 (miR166), which spatiall

126 to the highly unwettable and water-repellent abaxial holm oak leaf sides.

127 tween leaf primordium cells with adaxial and abaxial identities is necessary for lateral growth of th

128 eral organs of plants display asymmetry with abaxial identity being specified by members of the Arabi

129 the known roles of KAN proteins in promoting abaxial identity during leaf development.

130 mutants exhibit ectopic accumulation of the abaxial identity factor miR166 in adaxial domains.

131 Here we show that KAN is required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels, and encodes

132 e of crabs claw (crc), a gene that specifies abaxial identity in carpels.

133 between genes that promote either adaxial or abaxial identity, but the molecular basis of this intera

134 transcription factors, is a key regulator of abaxial identity, leaf growth, and meristem formation in

135 organ identity and results in repression of abaxial identity, thereby aligning the polarity of organ

136 required with ARF3 and ARF4 to maintain the abaxial identity.

137 the specification of cotyledon boundary and abaxial identity.

138 ion pattern is likely coupled to adaxial and abaxial intraleaf light gradients, including the relativ

139 promoting cell proliferation at the adaxial-abaxial junction.

140 UTA (REV), and is suppressed by mutations in abaxial KANADI genes.

141 re restricted to the leaf margins and to the abaxial lamina, as in extant Roridula gorgonias.

142 ation, with expression later confined to the abaxial layer of the inner integument.

143 The abaxial leaf attachment position is selected on the basi

144 that adaxial characters develop in place of abaxial leaf characters.

145 mutations cause a dramatic transformation of abaxial leaf fates into adaxial leaf fates.

146 the establishment and maintenance of adaxial-abaxial leaf polarity.

147 tral patterning by causing adaxialization of abaxial leaf regions.

148 edding contribute to water uptake, while the abaxial leaf side is highly hydrophobic due to its high

149 ges through open stomata from the uninfected abaxial leaf surface for secondary colonization.

150 ce interactions, we analyzed the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of holm oak (Quercus ilex) as a mod

151 The composition of waxes on abaxial leaf surface of irg1 mutants had >90% reduction

152 When vertical gas flux at the abaxial leaf surface was blocked, no compensation by ada

153 etic capacity than those associated with the abaxial leaf surface, which is supported by an increased

154 due to increased stomatal resistance on the abaxial leaf surface.

155 f "flaps" usually paired around veins on the abaxial leaf surface.

156 Almost all of the stomata are located on the abaxial leaf surface.

157 se pathogen, Colletotrichum trifolii, on the abaxial leaf surface.

158 a reduction in stomatal index on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces.

159 , largely due to increased water fluxes from abaxial leaf surfaces.

160 rend towards more undulating cell margins on abaxial leaf surfaces; and that highly elongated leaves

161 additive effects regulating flowering time, abaxial leaf trichome initiation and apical dominance.

162 rm at the tip, and each forms an adaxial and abaxial lobe composed of pluripotent Layer 1-derived and

163 le leaves suggests that the juxtaposition of abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) cell fates (dorsiven

164 lter the red light-stimulated quenching from abaxial (lower) guard cells.

165 can be enhanced by their application on the abaxial (lower) side of the leaf.

166 ) side specialized for light capture, and an abaxial (lower) side specialized for gas exchange.

167 e show that ectopic expression of PNH on the abaxial (lower) sides of lateral organs results in upwar

168 rosette development lack trichomes on their abaxial (lower) surface, leaves produced later have tric

169 ace whereas the opposite leaf surface is the abaxial (lower, ventral) surface.

170 GRAM is expressed in abaxial margins of organ primordia where it promotes lat

171 sistent with the ability of GRAM in only the abaxial most cell layer to direct normal development of

172 niotes, LPM contributes connective tissue to abaxial musculature and forms ventrolateral dermis of th

173 an adaxial side next to the meristem, and an abaxial one away from the meristem.

174 ic transformation of adaxial cell types into abaxial ones, failure of lateral blade expansion, and va

175 information along the radial (adaxial versus abaxial or central versus peripheral) dimension of the p

176 TMV first accumulated in abaxial or external phloem-associated cells in major vei

177 dition to their well-known role in promoting abaxial organ identity.

178 rmation within the SAM, and leads to adaxial/abaxial patterning and mediolateral outgrowth of the lea

179 oteins as proximal-distal as well as adaxial-abaxial patterning determinants.

180 he ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) pathway to adaxial-abaxial patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana and demonstra

181 rogram dependent upon miRNAs governs adaxial-abaxial patterning of leaves and radial patterning of st

182 n be considered to have an adaxial (central)-abaxial (peripheral) polarity.

183 differences between waxes on the adaxial and abaxial petal sides and between epicuticular and intracu

184 The abaxial petal surface is relatively flat, whereas the ad

185 e induces longitudinal cell expansion in the abaxial petiole epidermis to induce hyponasty and simult

186 istem and are asymmetrical along the adaxial/abaxial plane from inception.

187 a key role in determination of leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity and compound leaf patterning, which is

188 venile transgenic leaves have normal adaxial/abaxial polarity and generate leaf blades in the normal

189 ting antagonistically to pattern the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis but jointly to pattern the apical-

190 or BOP1 and BOP2 in establishing the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis in the leaf petiole, where they re

191 suggesting that the specification of adaxial/abaxial polarity during vascular and primordia developme

192 ized the role of two classes of leaf adaxial-abaxial polarity factors, SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3

193 2 contribute to the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity in plants.

194 Adaxial/abaxial polarity is thought to be necessary for laminar

195 ses suggest that Rmr6 ensures proper adaxial-abaxial polarity of the leaf sheath by limiting the expr

196 together, these findings explain how adaxial-abaxial polarity patterns the mediolateral axis and subs

197 on leaves is accompanied by impaired adaxial-abaxial polarity, and loss of PG45 shortens the duration

198 radially symmetrical) leaves lacking adaxial/abaxial polarity.

199 first positional signal described in adaxial-abaxial polarity.

200 Dorsoventral (adaxial/abaxial) polarity of the maize leaf is established in th

201 PHABULOSA-like genes, which in turn suppress abaxial-promoting factors.

202 PHB-like genes and the abaxial-promoting KANADI and YABBY genes appear to be ex

203 n the expression of the previously described abaxial-promoting YABBY genes.

204 ressed in integumentary cells located in the abaxial region of the ovule.

205 expanded from the adaxial to the lateral and abaxial regions of the corolla.

206 TRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) is a direct target of the abaxial regulator KANADI1 (KAN1), and that KAN1 represse

207 omponents, structure, and workings of the ad/abaxial regulatory network directing basic plant growth

208 rs (such as indeterminate domain4) in the ad/abaxial regulatory network.

209 e and give rise to placentas, ovules, septa, abaxial repla, and the majority of the stylar and stigma

210 ge (Sl(max)) as well as the ratio of adaxial/abaxial SD (rSD).

211 e adaxial side of the cotyledon, whereas the abaxial side evolves into a callus.

212 e adaxial side faces the meristem, while the abaxial side faces away from the meristem.

213 Applying ZnO@MSN to the abaxial side of a single leaf resulted in a 56% higher u

214 ses with leaf development, is limited to the abaxial side of the leaf, and is impaired in a few acces

215 e in cell proliferation rate at the proximal abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side

216 .e. enhanced cell elongation at the proximal abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side

217 ts development, growing extensively from the abaxial side, but only to a very limited extent from the

218 miRNA166-directed transcript cleavage on the abaxial side.

219 e is nearly equal to wild-type growth on the abaxial side.

220 ntre of the shoot, whereas the future under (abaxial) side develops from cells located more periphera

221 ed longitudinal cell expansion at the lower (abaxial) side of the leaf petiole and involves the volat

222 upper (adaxial) side of leaves to the lower (abaxial) side to create a gradient of small RNAs that pa

223 PAHs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf were differentiated for the firs

224 s are generally different on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf.

225 tent expression of mutant transcripts on the abaxial site.

226 en primaxial muscle of the somite proper and abaxial somite-derived migratory muscle precursors.

227 cells of specific stem/leaf junctions in an abaxial-specific pattern and in the shoot apical meriste

228 d to stiffness gradients between adaxial and abaxial stem sides at the nanoscale.

229 long the stem length and between adaxial and abaxial stem sides using atomic force microscopy nano-in

230 em tip to base, and also between adaxial and abaxial stem sides.

231 The acquisition of abaxial stomata and dumbbell-shaped guard cells in angio

232 However, g(m) was not related to abaxial stomatal densities (SD(aba) ) and mesophyll cell

233 encoding zinc finger, C3HC4 type domain with Abaxial stomatal density.

234 1 (SDD1) expression and an ~25% reduction in abaxial stomatal density.

235 nd to neither epaxial/hypaxial nor primaxial/abaxial subdivisions.

236 This showed that the abaxial surface is generally more susceptible to the pat

237 wth around the perimeter and across the leaf abaxial surface leads to a change in 3D form, as predict

238 The abaxial surface of ant petals contains features such as

239 ver, the thickness of the cutin layer on the abaxial surface of lacs2 leaves was only 22.3 +/- 1.7 nm

240 nt, and a set of subepidermal cells near the abaxial surface of the anther.

241 Approximately two-thirds of the abaxial surface water barrier was found to reside in the

242 ing spatial variability, particularly on the abaxial surface, compared to WT.

243 re typically found in greater numbers on the abaxial surface, wheat flag leaves have greater densitie

244 ve trichomes on their adaxial, but not their abaxial surface, whereas leaves produced later in rosett

245 n in vascular bundles, particularly on their abaxial surface.

246 airs) on their adaxial surface but not their abaxial surface.

247 as a modified leaf that bears a seed on its abaxial surface.

248 surface while most are more virulent on the abaxial surface.

249 urface is usually different from the bottom (abaxial) surface in both simple and compound leaves.

250 nthocyanic/ridged regions, and on the lower (abaxial) surface, which is entirely smooth.

251 ess spatial variation across the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) wild-typ

252 trating a difference between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in their response to GA with regard to

253 x crystalline structures on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of mature leaves.

254 f all rosette leaves but are absent from the abaxial surfaces of the first-formed leaves.

255 adialized leaves with outgrowth tissues from abaxial surfaces, and sterile flowers.

256 and 1.5 x 10(4) s m(-1) for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively.

257 icient to specify the development of ectopic abaxial tissues in lateral organs.

258 ription factor genes cause transformation of abaxial to adaxial leaf fates by altering a microRNA com

259 Photoperiod sensitivity of abaxial trichome formation on WT plants develops gradual

260 in stem elongation, flowering time, and leaf abaxial trichome initiation are suppressed by rga.

261 defects of gal-3 including stem growth, leaf abaxial trichome initiation, flowering time, and apical

262 Phenotypes rescued include abaxial trichome initiation, rosette radius, flowering t

263 nts grown in LD conditions produce the first abaxial trichome on earlier leaves than plants grown in

264 d that leaf shape was poorly correlated with abaxial trichome production (two adult traits), that var

265 We found that the timing of abaxial trichome production and the extent to which brac

266 We show that the onset of abaxial trichome production is insensitive to floral ind

267 idopsis and present evidence indicating that abaxial trichome production is regulated by both the lev

268 ze, hydathode number and the distribution of abaxial trichomes along the length of the leaf.

269 The production of abaxial trichomes appears to be regulated by the age, ra

270 Leaf shape and the total number of abaxial trichomes are affected by FLC independently of i

271 The production of abaxial trichomes is coordinated with the reproductive d

272 ect on the time at which the first leaf with abaxial trichomes is produced.

273 ntified in a screen for mutants that produce abaxial trichomes on these first two leaves.

274 The abaxial trichomes were composed of 8% soluble waxes, 49%

275 sitive mutant gai-1 exhibit delayed onset of abaxial trichomes when grown in LD conditions.

276 , but the distribution and overall number of abaxial trichomes, as well as several other leaf traits

277 e or decrease the number of leaves that lack abaxial trichomes, but have only a minor effect on the t

278 hat accelerate the production of leaves with abaxial trichomes.

279 ng in SD conditions accelerates the onset of abaxial trichomes.

280 pends on the proper specification of adaxial-abaxial (upper-lower) polarity.

281 arying degree of asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial (upper/lower) axis.

282 The higher abaxial uptake of NPs is in alignment with the higher st

283 nique to simultaneously estimate adaxial and abaxial values of g(cw) , tested in two amphistomatous p

284 tructures with distinct adaxial (dorsal) and abaxial (ventral) sides.