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1       This pattern is known as Zipf's law of abbreviation.
2 egorized element types exhibit Zipf's law of abbreviation.
3  abbreviation, 163 did not define at least 1 abbreviation.
4  in seeking to identify the definition of an abbreviation.
5 ns and the average number of definitions per abbreviation.
6 observed only in association with marked APD abbreviation.
7 acts, including both acronym and non-acronym abbreviations.
8 ensive, or focus exclusively on acronym-type abbreviations.
9 cuments do not contain the long forms of the abbreviations.
10             Of the products that included an abbreviation, 163 did not define at least 1 abbreviation
11 as nucleic acids (non-ambiguous) and peptide abbreviations (3-letter) was highly accurate, whereas cl
12 no change (10 to 100 micromol/L) or a slight abbreviation (300 micromol/L) of the QT interval and no
13 actors (incorrect drug name, dosage form, or abbreviation) (93 errors, 13.4%).
14  to fill in questionnaires (PSSI, CSSI) (see abbreviations) about their sedation experiences.
15 ility Index (hereafter referred to using the abbreviation ACC for the first 3 letters of Accessibilit
16 dotypes of AE and a harmonized vocabulary of abbreviations/acronyms.
17 as unaccompanied by substantial lumbar spine abbreviation, an adaptation restricted to vertical climb
18 identify the most probable definition for an abbreviation and also produces an estimated accuracy of
19 w, searchable, cross-referenced, database of abbreviations and acronyms in biotechnology and computer
20         Physicians write clinical notes with abbreviations and shorthand that are difficult to deciph
21 te a general method to contextually decipher abbreviations and shorthand that is built without any pr
22 ed perovskite descriptions from standard ion abbreviations and stoichiometric coefficients.
23 ical literature grows, so does the number of abbreviations and the average number of definitions per
24 n database, ADAM, which covers commonly used abbreviations and their definitions (or long-forms) with
25                                     However, abbreviations and their definitions identified by an aut
26                       A model of recognizing abbreviations and their long-forms from titles and abstr
27 an be effectively used to find full names of abbreviations and to disambiguate user queries.
28 s (EHRs) frequently contain spelling errors, abbreviations, and other nonstandard ways of representin
29                  Such variations may include abbreviations, annotations, misspellings, etc.
30                                              Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, PBS = phosp
31                                Zipf's law of abbreviation appears to hold in all human languages, and
32                                              Abbreviations are an important type of terminology in th
33 health records in the US when common medical abbreviations are expanded.
34                       About 19% of the novel abbreviations are non-acronym-type and these cover at le
35                                        These abbreviations are pervasive in all aspects of biology an
36                             Ambiguous global abbreviations are resolved using support vector machines
37 tor is composed of arcuate "KNDy" cells, the abbreviation based on coexpression of kisspeptin, neurok
38                                              Abbreviations: BisGMA, bisphenol A diglycidyl methacryla
39                                              Abbreviations: BMMSC, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell;
40                                              Abbreviations: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, BMMSC;
41              We propose the name agmatidine, abbreviation C(+), for this modified cytidine.
42                                              Abbreviations can be clinical jargon (writing "HIT" for
43                                              Abbreviations: Cdt, cytolethal distending toxin; CSC, ca
44                                  Copy number abbreviation (CNA) is one type of genomic aberration tha
45                                              Abbreviations: COHRA, Center for Oral Health in Appalach
46 4%) and includes most of the frequently used abbreviations contained in the Unified Medical Language
47                                              Abbreviations: Cytochrome P450 Engineering Database, CYP
48                                              Abbreviations: cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt), connec
49                      We have created another abbreviation database, ADAM, which covers commonly used
50 guage System (UMLS) Lexicon and the Stanford Abbreviation Database.
51                  In this paper we propose an abbreviation definition identification algorithm that em
52                                    Automatic abbreviation definition identification can help resolve
53  of strategies to identify the most probable abbreviation definition.
54 ses such as MEDLINE only a small fraction of abbreviation-definition pairs can be examined manually.
55 An automatic way to estimate the accuracy of abbreviation-definition pairs extracted from text is nee
56 aracterized as glucocorticoid resistant (SR, abbreviation derived from "steroid resistant").
57                        The Simple and Robust Abbreviation Dictionary (SaRAD) provides an easy to impl
58                                       P wave abbreviation did not correlate with arrhythmia suppressi
59                                However, most abbreviations do not have a unique sense across the lite
60                                              Abbreviations: dsg1, desmoglein1; EMT, epithelial-mesenc
61                       A novel definition and abbreviation (ENAC) are proposed by analogy with extende
62                                              Abbreviations: ESWT, extracorporeal shock wave therapy;
63 ations in these genes and thereafter use the abbreviation FH4.
64 cond, the acronym 'SjD' should be used as an abbreviation for 'Sjogren disease'.
65 anergy-inducing factors cbl-b, c-cbl (cbl is abbreviation for Casitas B lymphoma), Itch, and Nedd4.
66                                A nonstandard abbreviation for milliliter (not mL) was used by 97 prod
67 UR2A and S2-TMD0 at -40 and -100 mV (S is an abbreviation for SUR; TMD0/Kir6.2Delta26, but not TMD0/K
68 chromatographic resin (up to 330 mg of TEVA (abbreviation for tetravalent actinides)) through program
69 )M(CH(3)O)(2)[Mo(2)], in which [Mo(2)] is an abbreviation for the quadruply bonded Mo(2)(4+) unit emb
70                                  The correct abbreviation for this enzyme is DHPAAS.
71         As a consequence, there are multiple abbreviations for some terms, multiple terms for some co
72                                              Abbreviations: healthy site in healthy sibling (HS); hea
73                We developed an algorithm for abbreviation identification that uses a variety of strat
74 ext processing, and one of the challenges is abbreviation identification.
75                                              Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; KO, knock-out; wk, week;
76                                 Resolving an abbreviation in a document consists of retrieving its se
77 d not find strong evidence for Zipf's law of abbreviation in any population when studied alone, but w
78 an language lexicons, studying Zipf's law of abbreviation in birdsong presents challenges that do not
79 hod for assessing evidence for Zipf's law of abbreviation in birdsong, and we introduce the R package
80 inally published contained an incorrect unit abbreviation in Step 21: "0.20 g/mL" should have been "0
81       We used ZLAvian to study Zipf's law of abbreviation in the songs of 11 bird populations archive
82                     Conversely, one-third of abbreviations in ADAM are novel insofar as they are not
83 ultaneously detects and expands thousands of abbreviations in real clinical notes with accuracies ran
84                 The presence of unrecognized abbreviations in text hinders indexing algorithms and ad
85 us variability in the use of definitions and abbreviations in the field of intellectual disability an
86 fter grouping morphological variants, 59 405 abbreviation/long-form pairs were identified.
87                       Technical language and abbreviations make notes difficult to read and understan
88                                              Abbreviations: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), zinc-ox
89 e demonstrate that the degree of QT interval abbreviation observed results from electrotonic interact
90 The dictionary is used for the resolution of abbreviations occurring with their long forms.
91   We term this new helix geometry "yDNA" (an abbreviation of "wide DNA").
92 In the original version of this Article, the abbreviation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase
93 nnels may be cardioprotective because of the abbreviation of action potential duration (APD) during i
94                         We hypothesized that abbreviation of action potential duration (APD) would pe
95 the electrophysiologic properties and marked abbreviation of action potential duration and refractori
96 cally increase IKr, leading to heterogeneous abbreviation of action potential duration and refractori
97 ty in ventricular myocytes, resulting in the abbreviation of action potential duration.
98 t on APD90 in ventricular myocardium, and an abbreviation of APD90 in Purkinje fibers.
99  also enhances RyR2 channel activity through abbreviation of closed lifetimes.
100                                              Abbreviation of conditioning pulse duration in the prese
101                                              Abbreviation of DAPT duration after 1-6 months, followed
102 er clopidogrel or reduced-dose prasugrel) or abbreviation of DAPT duration.
103 line (ACh, 2 to 3 micromol/L) resulted in an abbreviation of epicardial response and a transmural dis
104 ay be involved in induction of analgesia and abbreviation of estrus by vaginocervical stimulation.
105                         A major effect is an abbreviation of network responses, which is caused by lo
106 n regulator of the cardiac Ca pump, mediates abbreviation of systole in response to beta-adrenergic a
107 MyBP-C(-/-) myocardium could account for the abbreviation of systolic ejection in this mouse as a dir
108 ment of diastolic function and a concomitant abbreviation of systolic ejection, although contractile
109 rolongation of AP duration of epicardial but abbreviation of that of M cells, leading to reduction or
110          Our data suggest that heterogeneous abbreviation of the action potential duration among diff
111                                              Abbreviation of the action potential duration and/or eff
112                          The majority of the abbreviation of the chain relative to the more conventio
113 ted in less than 24 hr without inappropriate abbreviation of the evaluation.
114 e forward rotation of the braincase, and the abbreviation of the infraorbital region.
115  shift of the carotid foramina, mediolateral abbreviation of the lateral tympanic, and a shortened, t
116                                     From the abbreviation of the mean open times, we estimated associ
117                      There was a significant abbreviation of the P wave duration to 103 +/- 17 ms wit
118 f lordosis, induction of sexual receptivity, abbreviation of the period of sexual receptivity, and in
119 oproterenol (100 nmol/L, n=5) led to greater abbreviation of the QT interval, a further increase in T
120 with Ad.RSV.SERCA2a were characterized by an abbreviation of the relaxation phase, an increase in pea
121 peak elastance, but more strikingly a marked abbreviation of the systolic elastance time course, whic
122    The increase in fopt was attributed to an abbreviation of twitch duration induced by alpha1-stimul
123 requently mapped onto a shorter form such as abbreviations or acronyms for efficiency of communicatio
124                                              Abbreviations: Periodontal Ligament (PDL), Reverse Trans
125 fficiency, Menzerath's law and Zipf's law of abbreviation, predict that longer sequences will consist
126 leucine kinase (DLK) [corrected to add (DLK) abbreviation] promoted degeneration of severed axons in
127                                              Abbreviation resolution improves accuracy of document re
128                                         This abbreviation results from an internal excision of a clus
129                                   We use the abbreviation "SDL," for "SNP-discovered locus," in recog
130        Significant action potential duration abbreviation, secondary to functional ion channel protei
131 ained on the context of each instance of the abbreviation/sense pairs, previously extracted for the d
132  linguistic methods to build a dictionary of abbreviation/sense pairs.
133 ithin MEDLINE: ARGH, the Stanford Biomedical Abbreviation Server, AcroMed and SaRAD.
134                                  The P-NH-P' abbreviation stands for (S,S)-PPh(2)CHPhCHPhNHCH(2)CH(2)
135  transcription unit, Stretchin-Mlck (genetic abbreviation Strn-Mlck), that expresses large, composite
136                 The construct, called by its abbreviation SUmCR, yielded stable sieve element (SE) pl
137 ality dictionary and toolset to disambiguate abbreviation symbols automatically.
138 have already created databases of biomedical abbreviations, these are either not public, or are not c
139                                              Abbreviations: TLR, Toll-like receptor; PRR, pattern rec
140  using prefixes that retain most established abbreviations, to maintain continuity with the outdated
141 , using the wrong drug name, dosage form, or abbreviation (total of 79 errors, 11.4%, for both brand
142       We make a proposal aiming to harmonize abbreviations used in PBPK models.
143 idea that dense fibrillar components (DFCs)**Abbreviations used in this paper: DFC, dense fibrillar c
144                                              Abbreviations used: BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; FGF
145                                              Abbreviations used: F, fluoride; AUC, Area under the Cur
146                     The system disambiguates abbreviations with a precision of 98.9% for a recall of
147          Biological literature contains many abbreviations with one particular sense in each document
148 ic web data to decode such text by replacing abbreviations with their meanings.
149 hat comprehensively map biomedical terms and abbreviations within MEDLINE: ARGH, the Stanford Biomedi

 
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