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1 in regulating the behavioral responses to an addictive drug.
2  ventral tegmental area (VTA) in response to addictive drugs.
3 egion important for the rewarding effects of addictive drugs.
4 vironment or by the inappropriate stimuli of addictive drugs.
5 vational effects of both natural rewards and addictive drugs.
6 er' and become possible treatments for other addictive drugs.
7 the reinforcing actions of cocaine and other addictive drugs.
8 receptors in the effects of psychoactive and addictive drugs.
9 ving-that are associated with chronic use of addictive drugs.
10 ctions and dysfunctions that are elicited by addictive drugs.
11 mission and a target for antidepressants and addictive drugs.
12 at mediate vision, memory, and the action of addictive drugs.
13 etic mechanisms in the behavioral effects of addictive drugs.
14 m was stimulated by food, sexual arousal, or addictive drugs.
15 liking of various rewards including food and addictive drugs.
16 tural rewards converges with that engaged by addictive drugs.
17 nt role in homeostatic adaptations caused by addictive drugs.
18 r system, modulates the rewarding effects of addictive drugs.
19 ological reward processes may be affected by addictive drugs.
20  an identifying functional characteristic of addictive drugs.
21 ehaviors involved in responses to stress and addictive drugs.
22 ental conditioned stimuli and the effects of addictive drugs.
23 behavioral markers of the propensity to take addictive drugs.
24 o the rewarding effects of several different addictive drugs.
25 ave been implicated in enhanced responses to addictive drugs.
26 tical site of synaptic plasticity induced by addictive drugs.
27 entral tegmental area in response to several addictive drugs.
28 accompany some of the behavioural effects of addictive drugs.
29 ilar methods to examine the effects of other addictive drugs.
30                                              Addictive drugs affect acute responses and plasticity in
31                       In some cases, such as addictive drugs, aggression can be highly rewarding (app
32                                              Addictive drugs alter activity in distinct neural circui
33      By increasing dopamine in the striatum, addictive drugs alter the balance of dopamine and glutam
34 initial pharmacological effect common to all addictive drugs-an increase in dopamine levels in the me
35  internally acknowledged that nicotine is an addictive drug and cigarettes are the ultimate nicotine
36 l studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and onset of addictive disorders is prim
37 mediate incentive motivation ("wanting") for addictive drugs and other rewards, but not their hedonic
38 al tegmental area (VTA) is a major target of addictive drugs and receives multiple GABAergic projecti
39 ystem can modulate the reinforcing effect of addictive drugs and the anxiolytic effect of nicotine.
40                          Cocaine is a highly addictive drug, and despite intensive efforts, effective
41 ral tegmental area (VTA) are a key target of addictive drugs, and neuroplasticity in this region may
42 s compulsive motivation or "wanting" to take addictive drugs; and (d) the idea that dysfunction of fr
43        The fundamental principle that unites addictive drugs appears to be that each enhances synapti
44    Alterations in behavior after exposure to addictive drugs are a striking example of chemical alter
45 duced in the central nervous system (CNS) by addictive drugs are of interest because of their relatio
46   The response to novelty and sensitivity to addictive drugs are positively correlated with the hormo
47 esolimbic dopamine-a defining feature of all addictive drugs-as a neural substrate for these drug-ada
48   Environmental stimuli repeatedly linked to addictive drugs become learned associations, and those s
49 vern activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, addictive drugs can derail the experience-driven neural
50                                  Exposure to addictive drugs can result in maladaptive alterations in
51  of the brain mechanisms they activate; most addictive drugs cause elevations in extracellular levels
52                                              Addictive drugs cause persistent restructuring of severa
53 amine, a potent psychostimulant, is a highly addictive drug commonly used by persons living with HIV
54                        Persistent relapse to addictive drugs constitutes the most challenging problem
55                       Not everyone who tries addictive drugs develops a substance use disorder.
56 tantly, the mechanisms through which HIV and addictive drugs disrupt homeostatic immune and CNS funct
57            As a result of habitual intake of addictive drugs, dopamine receptors expressed in the bra
58 on (LS) is an early behavioral adaptation to addictive drugs, driven by the increase of dopamine in t
59 , and its oligomerization may be relevant to addictive drug effects.
60                          Chronic exposure to addictive drugs enhances cAMP response element binding p
61 s motor effects produced by marijuana and by addictive drugs enhancing dopamine levels in the Acb.
62 ug seeking in addicts and animals exposed to addictive drugs, even after abstinence or extinction.
63 ol.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Over the course of addictive drug exposure, there is a transition in the co
64 a marker for neuroadaptive changes following addictive drug exposure.
65 n for and the reinforcement by both food and addictive drugs extends the argument for a common mechan
66                                          All addictive drugs facilitate dopamine transmission, and de
67                                              Addictive drugs have been hypothesized to access the sam
68 ction with a peer and then choose between an addictive drug (heroin or methamphetamine) and social in
69                                       How do addictive drugs hijack the brain's reward system?
70                                         Like addictive drugs, HP foods are complex, human-made substa
71 ely used to study motivational properties of addictive drugs in animals, but has rarely been used in
72 tine, one of the most widely used and highly addictive drugs in human use.
73 oordinate the actions of distinct classes of addictive drugs in NAc, we developed a CRISPR (clustered
74 ufficient to reduce the rewarding effects of addictive drugs in rodents.
75           These cues are also processed like addictive drugs in that they activate mesolimbic reward
76 l rewards, with brain stimulation reward and addictive drugs included in the latter category.
77                         Nicotine, like other addictive drugs including psychomotor stimulants, promot
78                                              Addictive drugs increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbe
79                                              Addictive drugs increase ventral tegmental area (VTA) do
80                                              Addictive drugs induce a dopamine signal that contribute
81                                              Addictive drugs induce a truncated form of fosB in the s
82 oadaptations induced by repeated exposure to addictive drugs is a persistent sensitized behavioral re
83 ation and consumption of HP foods as well as addictive drugs is discussed.
84                                      Seeking addictive drugs is regulated by synaptic plasticity in t
85 red the observation that a common feature of addictive drugs is to activate, by a double tyrosine/thr
86 ctors, shaping individuals' vulnerability to addictive drugs like cocaine.
87          It has been recently discussed that addictive drugs may hijack the learning-and-memory machi
88 ng the brain mechanisms affected by distinct addictive drugs may inform targeted therapies against sp
89                   Shared adaptations between addictive drugs may mediate core processes of addiction.
90 a (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons in response to addictive drugs may underlie the transition from casual
91 002 to 0.0052; p=0.069), and the presence of addictive-drug metabolites in urine (0.103, -0.013 to 0.
92 ysiologically relevant concentrations of the addictive drug nicotine directly cause in vivo hippocamp
93 have become more effective at delivering the addictive drug nicotine, they have become the dominant f
94 t of tobacco that drives use, and like other addictive drugs, nicotine reinforces self-administration
95      Methamphetamine is a popular and highly addictive drug of abuse that has raised concerns because
96                  Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug of abuse that is neurotoxic to dopamine t
97 t effective analgesics known but also highly addictive drugs of abuse.
98  SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It is believed that addictive drugs often render an addict's brain reward sy
99                         Repeated exposure to addictive drugs or alcohol triggers glutamatergic and ga
100 aal et al. find that exposure to any of five addictive drugs or exposure to a brief stressor produces
101  receptors could be developed for additional addictive drugs or hormones and metabolites, which would
102 ressive predominance of rewarding effects of addictive drugs over their aversive properties likely co
103                              Repeated use of addictive drugs produces long-lasting and prepotent drug
104 l area (VTA) are modified during exposure to addictive drugs, producing sensitization, a progressive
105     Questions about the molecular actions of addictive drugs, prominently including the actions of al
106 ences and prolonged exposure of the brain to addictive drugs promote its development.
107                                              Addictive drug reinforcement and stress signaling involv
108 nistic kinship revealed between learning and addictive drug response behaviors in flies.
109 rved in visual system, synapses modulated by addictive drugs (rewarded synapses), chronically overact
110 ine reward circuits known to be activated by addictive drugs (right posterior amygdala, posterior hip
111          Stress facilitates reinstatement of addictive drug seeking in animals and promotes relapse i
112 te into psychotic symptoms and contribute to addictive-drug-seeking behavior, anxiety and phobia.
113 and that it produces the hallmark effects of addictive drugs: sensitization, tolerance, physical depe
114                                              Addictive drugs share the ability to increase dopamine (
115                                              Addictive drugs steepen neuronal temporal reward discoun
116                                              Addictive drugs subvert normal synaptic plasticity mecha
117 inforcing biologically rewarding events, but addictive drugs such as cocaine can inappropriately exer
118                                              Addictive drugs such as cocaine induce synaptic plastici
119 antagonist of sensitized behavior induced by addictive drugs such as cocaine.
120                     Our results suggest that addictive drugs such as ethanol alter NMDAR trafficking
121 duce or eliminate the need for use of highly addictive drugs such as opioids.
122  as adaptations to chronic administration of addictive drugs such as psychostimulants and therapeutic
123                                  Exposure to addictive drugs such as psychostimulants produces persis
124                                              Addictive drugs, such as cocaine, induce a rapid increas
125 yle but also the immunomodulatory effects of addictive drugs, such as cocaine, may account for their
126                                Cocaine is an addictive drug that acts in brain reward areas.
127                          Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that binds to the dopamine transporter (D
128 nown by its genetic name Fenethylline, is an addictive drug that complicates the War on Drugs.
129                          Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that exerts its effects by increasing the
130                 Morphine is a widely abused, addictive drug that modulates immune function.
131                                Alcohol is an addictive drug that targets a variety of ion channels an
132     Although cocaine is known to be a highly addictive drug, there appears to be a select subset of i
133 tamate interaction in MSN that is usurped by addictive drugs to elicit persistent behavioural alterat
134 lecular changes induced by administration of addictive drugs to rodents.
135                                   Use of one addictive drug typically influences the behavioral respo
136                                              Addictive drug use causes long-lasting changes in synapt
137      Many studies support a perspective that addictive drugs usurp brain circuits used by natural rew
138                                              Addictive drugs usurp neural plasticity mechanisms that
139 nally address the question of whether or not addictive drugs usurp the neuronal networks recruited by
140 ed plasticity-some of which is shared by all addictive drugs, whereas other aspects are specific to c
141                               One example is addictive drugs, which elicit a positive-feedback cycle
142                 Methamphetamine is a popular addictive drug whose use is associated with multiple neu
143                        Amphetamine, a highly addictive drug with therapeutic efficacy, exerts paradox
144 ediction of the three most frequently abused addictive drugs with the sensitivity and accuracy of the
145                    Nicotine is a widely used addictive drug, with an estimated 73 million Americans 1

 
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