ライフサイエンスコーパス: adenylation

1 degraded transcripts are also subject to re-adenylation.

2 t require synthesis of a template strand for adenylation.

3 folding of two helices that are required for adenylation.

4 cant role in ATP binding as well as cysteine adenylation.

5 NAs were degraded slower than others without adenylation.

6 first irreversible step of catalysis is acyl-adenylation.

7 s is activated by host-factor-dependent acyl-adenylation.

8 se IV and sites impacting upon DNA ligase IV adenylation.

9 mRNAs by preventing their otherwise rapid de-adenylation.

10 domain occur primarily at steps after enzyme adenylation.

11 e changes in active site geometry that favor adenylation.

12 which is believed to be the proposed site of adenylation.

13 oncomitant increase in non-templated 3' mono-adenylation.

14 types of 3'-modifications (e.g. uridylation, adenylation), 5'-modifications and also internal modific

15 er a novel natural product arising from rare adenylation (A) and reductase (Red) domains in its biosy

16 For a typical NRPS initiation module, an adenylation (A) domain activates an amino acid and insta

17 ication of the 3-methyl glutamate activating adenylation (A) domain of the CDA NRPS enables the incor

18 The adenylation (A) domain of the Yersinia pestis nonribosom

19 RP residues is carried out by an interrupted adenylation (A) domain that contains an internal methylt

20 rier protein domains (ArCP, PCP1, PCP2), one adenylation (A) domain, and two cyclization domains (Cy1

21 f Yersinia pestis, has one cysteine-specific adenylation (A) domain, three carrier protein domains (A

22 these two domains are not associated with an adenylation (A) domain.

23 etermined the amino acid specificity of each adenylation (A) domain.

24 ificities of nonribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation (A) domains from DNA sequences, which enable

25 en linked to the domain alternation cycle of adenylation (A) domains, and recent complete NRPS module

26 factor-carrier proteins with acyl-activating adenylation (A) domains.

27 nked to E1, one noncovalently associated for adenylation), a catalytically inactive E2 (Ubc12), and M

28 hat domain alternation and remodeling of the adenylation active site are interconnected and are intri

29 ion domains that effectively disassemble the adenylation active site.

30 ester co-factors or amino acid residues, and adenylation activity arose independently through functio

31 otope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adenylation activity in a glutathione S-transferase-JAR1

32 n and seryl-adenylate supplied by the serine adenylation activity of AbmK.

33 The adenylation activity of the large domain is stimulated b

34 ast 76 amino acids of the DNA ligase, had no adenylation activity or DNA binding activity.

35 report shows that this hybrid enzyme retains adenylation activity, characteristic of DNA ligases but,

36 A synthetases reported that are defective in adenylation activity.

37 he 454-pyroseqencing of nonribosomal peptide adenylation (AD) and polyketide ketosynthase (KS) domain

38 Here we use NRPS adenylation (AD) domain sequencing to guide the identifi

39 Adenylation/adenylate-forming enzymes catalyze the activ

40 that MOCS3 activates both MOCS2A and URM1 by adenylation and a subsequent sulfur transfer step for th

41 ce enzyme from Serratia marcescens catalyzes adenylation and acetylation of aminoglycoside antibiotic

42 acil some 50-fold, but left overall rates of adenylation and aminoacylation unaffected.

43 eighboring Glu 115 and Arg 121 affected both adenylation and aminoacylation, consistent with their pr

44 Mg(2+) ions play critical roles in both the adenylation and beta-lactamization reactions.

45 les, including the module core formed by the adenylation and condensation domains as well as the orie

46 S. aureus DNA ligase, consisting of separate adenylation and DNA binding activities.

47 the in vitro catalytic activity of Lig4p in adenylation and DNA ligation.

48 LF is not essential for NHEJ but promotes LX adenylation and hence ligation.

49 in this complex overall process of substrate adenylation and intramolecular ring formation.

50 ) motif in the SUMO E1 is important for SUMO adenylation and is critical for the E1 pseudo-ordered su

51 The larger N-terminal domain retains adenylation and ligase activities, though both at a redu

52 hese three relatives catalyze substrate acyl-adenylation and nucleophilic acyl substitution by either

53 erall production of light and the individual adenylation and oxidation partial reactions.

54 tions on the individual luciferase-catalyzed adenylation and oxidation reactions.

55 find that the CepA1-575 fragment, containing adenylation and peptidyl carrier protein domains (A1-PCP

56 dings that classic ligases can duplicate the adenylation and phosphate cyclization activity of RtcA s

57 s, whereas overexpression of Wispy increases adenylation and reduces microRNA levels in S2 cells.

58 Knockout of wispy abrogates adenylation and results in microRNA accumulation in eggs

59 is capable of performing two functions: the adenylation and S-methylation of l-cysteine.

60 BirA catalyzes the adenylation and subsequent covalent attachment of biotin

61 g that this co-factor is not utilized for re-adenylation and subsequent cycles of ligation.

62 a1 and that the overall structural basis for adenylation and thioester bond formation exhibited by SU

63 Although the mechanisms of adenylation and thioester bond formation revealed by SUM

64 l) proteins in two steps by carboxy-terminal adenylation and thioester bond formation to a conserved

65 tructures provide further insight into Ub E1 adenylation and thioester bond formation.

66 ies that are required for Ub/Ubl activation: adenylation and thioester bond formation.

67 ations of the Cys domain are associated with adenylation and thioester transfer to E2s, while a close

68 be required to facilitate chemistry prior to adenylation and thioester transfer.

69 ees between the two states that catalyze the adenylation and thioester-forming half-reactions.

70 ylate-forming enzymes that catalyze two-step adenylation and thioester-forming reactions.

71 Ubiquitin conjugation involves adenylation and thioesterification of the carboxy-termin

72 ) have been developed to target E1-catalyzed adenylation and thioesterification of the Ub/Ubl C-termi

73 Adenylation and thiolation activities of the loading mod

74 dule that contains domains homologous to the adenylation and thiolation domains of nonribosomal pepti

75 nts of ATP affinities and rate constants for adenylation and TRAMP dissociation.

76 The modifications result predominantly from adenylation and uridylation and are seen across tissue t

77 RNA turnover is controlled in part by RNA 3' adenylation and uridylation status, with trans-acting fa

78 undergo 3'-5' exonucleolytic processing, 3' adenylation and uridylation, 5' pyrophosphate removal, a

79 mitochondrial mRNAs undergo editing, and 3' adenylation and uridylation.

80 with vibriobactin synthetase proteins VibE (adenylation) and VibB (aryl carrier protein) condenses a

81 is responsible for cofactor binding and self adenylation, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain which c

82 e minimally consisting of a condensation, an adenylation, and a peptidyl carrier protein domain respo

83 single T nucleotides and likely completed by adenylation, and atypical TTT start codons was predicted

84 interaction of free E1 and E2 inhibits SUMO adenylation, and the interfaces responsible for the inhi

85 When applied to adenylation- and ketosynthase-domain amplicons derived f

86 Both mRNA pyrimidine tagging and re-adenylation are dependent on the same terminal-nucleotid

87 essels wherein the products of deoxyribozyme adenylation are purified before their use as substrates

88 adenosine analogs were found to inhibit the adenylation assay and had similar potency of inhibition

89 In the E1-catalyzed probe adenylation assay, peptide probe 3 with a RLRGG recognit

90 Using a novel high throughput adenylation assay, we characterized the acyl substrate p

91 large discrepancies were found between prior adenylation assays and the current MS-based readouts.

92 cannot substitute for the essential 3'-OH in adenylation at a nick or even in strand closure at a pre

93 fine a mechanism for detecting and reversing adenylation at RNA-DNA junctions.

94 Aprataxin (APTX) reverses DNA adenylation but the context for deadenylation repair is

95 pathway is the activation of sulfate through adenylation by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), formin

96 e heptapeptide MccA is converted into McC by adenylation catalyzed by the MccB enzyme.

97 domain organization: cyclization-cyclization-adenylation-condensation-peptidyl carrier protein-conden

98 domain fragments: a 108-kDa condensation and adenylation construct, EntF C-A, and a 37-kDa peptidyl c

99 of these are primarily the result of nuclear adenylation coupled with rhythmic transcription.

100 at recruitment of LX by Ku is impaired in an adenylation-defective mutant providing further evidence

101 y short (1-5 nt), potentially explaining why adenylation destabilizes these RNAs while stabilizing mR

102 uggest that, during the first half-reaction (adenylation), DHB binds first to the free enzyme, follow

103 aA indicated that there were two domains, an adenylation domain (A domain) and a thiolation domain (T

104 protein (ArCP) domain, the cysteine specific adenylation domain (A), and the first condensation/cycli

105 in Escherichia coli for determination of the adenylation domain (A-domain) substrate specificity usin

106 The adenylation domain activity of EntF C-A formed seryl-AMP

107 MOCS3 has an N-terminal adenylation domain and a C-terminal rhodanese-like domai

108 e, we present detailed binding studies of an adenylation domain and its partner carrier protein in ap

109 nical E1 activating enzyme that possesses an adenylation domain but lacks a distinct cysteine domain.

110 This establishes an anthranilate adenylation domain code for fungal NRPS and should facil

111 pantetheine to the carrier domains allow the adenylation domain editing function to be bypassed.

112 lectively aminoacylated with cysteine by the adenylation domain embedded in the HMWP2 subunit of yers

113 is selected and activated as l-prolyl-AMP by adenylation domain enzymes (CloN4 and CouN4) and then in

114 s not observed by three different assays for adenylation domain function.

115 rate that a conformational change within the adenylation domain guides transfer of intermediates betw

116 A structure of an MLP bound to an adenylation domain has been previously reported using a

117 lved in ATP binding but also affects how the adenylation domain interacts with ATP.

118 r elaborate the residues that define the MLP-adenylation domain interface.

119 iocoraline biosynthesis, TioN, a stand-alone adenylation domain interrupted by the S-adenosyl-l-methi

120 These observations suggest that the adenylation domain of FkbP serves as the primary selecti

121 pha-ketoisocaproate (alpha-KIC) by the first adenylation domain of PksJ (a hybrid PKS/NRPS) and insta

122 tructure-based redesign of the phenylalanine adenylation domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetas

123 nding the influence of the MLP on the intact adenylation domain or on the dynamics of the entire NRPS

124 ach E1 activity is specified by a domain: an adenylation domain resembling bacterial adenylating enzy

125 used bioinformatic predictions about fungal adenylation domain selectivities to identify and confirm

126 Adenylation domain specificity for the first step of rev

127 n in a single module knockout and the use of adenylation domain specificity prediction software, TxtB

128 Biochemical analysis of adenylation domain specificity supports the assignment o

129 ased upon the functional characterization of adenylation domain specificity, a model for cupriachelin

130 eracting sequence (UIS), located outside the adenylation domain that is required for UFM1 activation.

131 e have assayed the selectivity of the PheATE adenylation domain with a number of proteinogenic amino

132 -phenylalanine (L-Phe) and activating it (by adenylation domain) as tightly bound L-phenylalanyl-aden

133 tidyl carrier protein, an amino acid-loading adenylation domain, and a condensation domain that catal

134 5 possesses two isoforms, each comprising an adenylation domain, but only one containing an N-termina

135 s been previously reported using a truncated adenylation domain, precluding any insight that might be

136 differ in the sequence composition of their adenylation domain.

137 C-terminal MbtH-like domain with an upstream adenylation domain.

138 r of pyrophosphate (PP(i)) released from the adenylation domain.

139 the amino acid onto the cofactor within the adenylation domain.

140 amolecular interactions between the SCCH and adenylation domains and translocation of the catalytic c

141 Adenylation domains are critical enzymes that dictate th

142 diction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm,

143 Biochemical analysis of the NcpA1 and NcpB1 adenylation domains coupled with the recent characteriza

144 mical analysis of the NosA1, NosC1 and NosD1 adenylation domains coupled with the recent characteriza

145 To identify adenylation domains for future combinatorial production

146 hase domains from polyketide biosynthesis or adenylation domains from nonribosomal peptide biosynthes

147 Traditionally, activity of adenylation domains has been measured by radioactive ATP

148 Some adenylation domains interact with small partner proteins

149 tested by using NcpB-A(4), one of the seven adenylation domains involved in nostocyclopeptide biosyn

150 cid residue of all alpha-amino acid-specific adenylation domains known to date was prepared as a prel

151 The activity assay of adenylation domains of barD (A(D)), barE (A(E)) and barG

152 enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetases, the adenylation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases

153 yrosine and subsequently SgcC1 homologous to adenylation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases,

154 CoA synthetases, firefly luciferase, and the adenylation domains of the modular nonribosomal peptide

155 es, amino acid monomers are activated by the adenylation domains of the synthetase and loaded onto th

156 ne structure shows that the condensation and adenylation domains simultaneously adopt their catalytic

157 ed by conformational changes within the Uba1 adenylation domains that effectively disassemble the ade

158 nsform mass spectrometry with the ability of adenylation domains to select their own substrates, the

159 A genealogy of adenylation domains was utilized to identify orthologous

160 biosynthetic modules, eight of which contain adenylation domains with recognizable amino acid specifi

161 The three proteins contain three adenylation domains, one specific for salicylate activat

162 ing aminoacyl-AMP formation by action of the adenylation domains.

163 in-like protein (UBL) activating enzyme (E1) adenylation domains.

164 was obtained from the disruption of two NRPS adenylation domains.

165 compared to structures of peptide synthetase adenylation domains.

166 e IV cannot use either NAD+ or ADP-ribose as adenylation donor for ligation.

167 TP, Ligase IV may use NAD+ as an alternative adenylation donor for NHEJ repair and maintaining genomi

168 at eukaryotic DNA ligases utilize ATP as the adenylation donor, it was recently reported that human D

169 epresents the first beta-amino acid-specific adenylation enzyme characterized biochemically.

170 nstrated that a bisubstrate inhibitor of the adenylation enzyme MbtA, which is responsible for the se

171 hesis pathway initiates with a self-standing adenylation enzyme, BasE, that activates the DHB molecul

172 In a second half-reaction, adenylation enzymes catalyze the transfer of the acyl mo

173 development of novel engineered interrupted adenylation enzymes for combinatorial biosynthesis.

174 haracterizing the activity and inhibition of adenylation enzymes that acylate a protein substrate and

175 pled continuous spectrophotometric assay for adenylation enzymes that employs hydroxylamine as a surr

176 of related non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation enzymes.

177 uggest that, during the first half-reaction (adenylation), fatty acid binds first to the free enzyme,

178 anism consisting of two chemical steps, acyl-adenylation followed by beta-lactam formation.

179 cycles of CarA and beta-LS mediate substrate adenylation followed by beta-lactamization via a tetrahe

180 stereospecific activation of citric acid by adenylation, followed by attack of the enzyme-bound citr

181 atalyzed activation of the carboxyl group by adenylation, followed by PubC-catalyzed nucleophilic att

182 vate UBLs by catalysing UBL carboxy-terminal adenylation, forming a covalent E1 throught UBL thioeste

183 lyze the complete reaction yet catalyzes the adenylation half-reaction with activity comparable to th

184 es to catalyze the complete reaction and the adenylation half-reaction.

185 a random sequential enzyme mechanism for the adenylation half-reaction.

186 y shown to be important for catalysis of the adenylation half-reaction.

187 In some cases, this adenylation has been shown to catalyze hormone conjugati

188 tive transcription initiation, splicing, and adenylation, identified the antisense and noncoding tran

189 rase, as the enzyme responsible for microRNA adenylation in flies.

190 that a conformational change is required for adenylation in the full length protein.

191 The adenylation inhibitor 5'-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosi

192 mically or enzymatically prepared, enzymatic adenylation is preferred due to its ease and high yield.

193 rdingly, MccB-catalysed C-terminal MccA-acyl-adenylation is reminiscent of the E1-catalysed activatio

194 Maternal microRNA adenylation is widely conserved in fly, sea urchin, and

195 se IV, is not required for the NAD+-mediated adenylation, it regulates the transfer of AMP moiety fro

196 35 microM) and the forward rate constant for adenylation (k(+5) = 29 +/- 4 s(-1)) were determined.

197 tase (NRPS) module comprised of condensation-adenylation-ketoreduction-thiolation (C-A-KR-T) domains.

198 rst molecular view of an artificial didomain adenylation/ketosynthase fusion protein.

199 Thus, adenylation may contribute to the clearance of maternall

200 nt, template- and purification-free, adapter adenylation method using T4 RNA ligase 1.

201 Expression of both wild-type and adenylation-mutant ligase IV in ligase IV-deficient cell

202 This repression involved neither adenylation nor the 3' untranslated region, but it corre

203 While the aberrant adenylation of 16S mt-rRNA did not affect the integrity

204 iron siderophore enterobactin, catalyzes the adenylation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, followed by it

205 oenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis: the reversible adenylation of 4'-phosphopantetheine yielding 3'-dephosp

206 onformation 1, CBL is poised to catalyze the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CB) with ATP (partial

207 NaMN AT catalyzes the reversible adenylation of both NaMN and the nicotinamide mononucleo

208 transformation was shown to proceed via the adenylation of CDG, which activates it to form the newly

209 reased ATP concentrations allow quantitative adenylation of DNA with a 3'-unprotected end.

210 e both the phosphorylation of riboflavin and adenylation of FMN to produce FAD.

211 The resulting enzyme catalyzes the adenylation of FMN with ATP to produce FAD and PP(i).

212 centrations of lysine, Mg(2+), or LysRS, the adenylation of Hint was found to be dependent on the for

213 uclear extract in vitro; however, the 3'-end adenylation of human SRP RNA or Alu RNA, which correspon

214 reatment with jasmonic acid, suggesting that adenylation of jasmonic acid is not necessary.

215 with NAD+, thus abolishes the NAD+-mediated adenylation of Ligase IV and DSB ligation.

216 igase IV recognizes NAD+ and facilitates the adenylation of Ligase IV, the first step of ligation.

217 We show that XLF stimulates adenylation of LX complexes de-adenylated by pyrophospha

218 which may allow the effective and selective adenylation of microRNAs.

219 is at least 20 times faster than the rate of adenylation of nicotinamide mononucleotide.

220 This enzyme catalyzes the reversible adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide and shows produ

221 The rate of adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide is at least 20

222 Adenylation of peptide precursors is carried out by MccB

223 recombinant PAP I, we show that differential adenylation of RNA substrates by PAP I occurs in vitro a

224 This suggests that the exosome inhibits adenylation of some GAL1 transcripts, which results in t

225 h other data, show that post-transcriptional adenylation of SRP and Alu RNAs is carried out by a nove

226 d the enzyme that is involved in this 3'-end adenylation of SRP RNA.

227 The enzyme first catalyzes the adenylation of substrate luciferin with Mg-ATP followed

228 is suggest that, following initial enzymatic adenylation of substrates, amidation of the carboxylic a

229 that decreasing posttranscriptional 3' oligo-adenylation of TERC would counteract the deleterious eff

230 pectrometry to determine the yields for both adenylation of the 5'-probe strand and joining of the tw

231 In this cascade, ThiF catalyzes adenylation of the C terminus of ThiS.

232 t, E1 associates with the Ublp and catalyses adenylation of the carboxy terminus of the Ublp.

233 ThiF catalyzes the adenylation of the carboxy terminus of ThiS and the subs

234 The enzyme first catalyzes the adenylation of the carboxylate substrate luciferin with

235 The initial step involves adenylation of the enzyme by ATP, which is then transfer

236 two-step reaction that includes the initial adenylation of the luciferin substrate, followed by an o

237 ide insight into a preference for ATP during adenylation of the protein ThiS.

238 tivates each ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) by adenylation of the Ubl C-terminal COOH group and then fo

239 rotein (ubl) transfer cascades by catalyzing adenylation of the ubl's C terminus.

240 The E1 first binds the UBL and catalyzes adenylation of the UBL's C-terminus, prior to promoting

241 of the proteins involved: ThiF catalyzes the adenylation of ThiS; NifS catalyzes the transfer of sulf

242 NaMN and reveal the structural mechanism for adenylation of tiazofurin nucleotide.

243 Adenylation of wild-type, V97D, and V97E hHint1 by human

244 place on the 6'-amine of kanamycin A and the adenylation on 3''- and 9-hydroxyl groups of streptomyci

245 ty on one side of the nick affects substrate adenylation on the 5'-side of the nick junction.

246 rnate substrates in aminoacyl-AMP formation (adenylation or A domain), aminoacyl-S-enzyme formation (

247 However, no amino acid-dependent adenylation or aminoacylation activity was detected for

248 AutoSUMOylation of SAE2 did not affect SUMO adenylation or formation of E1.SUMO thioester, but did s

249 entifies amino acids required for the ligase-adenylation or phosphodiester synthesis steps of the lig

250 sts of four successive domains: cyclization, adenylation, oxidation, and peptidyl carrier protein (Cy

251 lly distinct modifications are manifested by adenylation prior to editing, and by post-editing extens

252 The ArCP mutant cannot be salicylated by the adenylation protein YbtE; the PCP1 mutant releases salic

253 at KPAF3 selectively directs pre-mRNA toward adenylation rather than uridylation, which is a default

254 implicated as specific catalysts of the RNA adenylation reaction (step 2) of the ligation pathway.

255 efine the microscopic rate constants for the adenylation reaction and the thioesterification reaction

256 Conducting the adenylation reaction at the elevated temperature (65 deg

257 The rate of the isolated adenylation reaction in single turnover studies was also

258 The MthRnl adenylation reaction is specific for ATP and either ssDN

259 re a high-throughput assay that measures the adenylation reaction specifically by monitoring ligase-A

260 We find that the adenylation reaction speed can differ between DNA and RN

261 state kinetic analysis of the ThRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction was carried out by monitoring chang

262 nciple of induced fit in the ThrRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction, in which substrate binding drives

263 ymes whereby, upon completion of the initial adenylation reaction, the C-terminal domain of these enz

264 of ThiS into the ThiF active site during the adenylation reaction.

265 H-like proteins are required for some of the adenylation reactions in NRP biosynthesis, but the mecha

266 In mitochondrial extracts, 3' adenylation reportedly influences degradation kinetics o

267 a high energy conformation that stages acyl-adenylation requires binding of both substrates.

268 ecificity factor (CPSF) to the upstream poly-adenylation sequence (AAUAAA).

269 iction sites flanking the promoters and poly-adenylation sequences make it possible to transfer the e

270 3' UTR increased while its noncanonical poly-adenylation signal abolished reporter gene expression in

271 encer inhibited splicing, even when the poly-adenylation signal was deleted or replaced by a 5' splic

272 UMO C-terminus remains unmodified within the adenylation site and 35 A from the catalytic cysteine, s

273 e promoters with either a short, double poly-adenylation site derived from the Heliothis virescens p6

274 uggesting that additional changes within the adenylation site may be required to facilitate chemistry

275 th the early 3' untranslated region and poly-adenylation sites of SV40.

276 omplex, and modules with the same amino acid adenylation specificity share up to 95% identity.

277 mRNA localization, mRNA stabilization, poly-adenylation, splicing and translation.

278 or, which provides a mechanism to assess the adenylation status of unsealed nicks.

279 intermediate, indicating that the substrate adenylation step is also a control point for ligation fi

280 Specifically, after the initial adenylation step, the C-terminal domain rotates by appro

281 he BRCT domain plays a role in the substrate adenylation step.

282 the BRCT domain could also affect the enzyme adenylation step.

283 be attributable to a defect at the substrate adenylation step.

284 sequent rounds of nick joining at the ligase adenylation step.

285 of 3'-terminal adenosines and, over several adenylation steps, elicits precisely tuned adjustments o

286 E1 enzyme that catalyzes carboxy-terminal Ub adenylation, thioester bond formation to a catalytic cys

287 atalyze Ub/Ubl activation through C-terminal adenylation, thioester bond formation with an E1 catalyt

288 biquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins through adenylation, thioester transfer within E1, and thioester

289 unit by monomodular NRPS enzymes containing adenylation, thiolation, and condensation (A-T-C) domain

290 ed four-domain organization of condensation, adenylation, thiolation, and reductase* (C-A-T-R*), wher

291 sis of the dapdiamide antibiotics encodes an adenylation-thiolation didomain protein, DdaD, and an Fe

292 te has to be activated prior to reduction by adenylation to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS).

293 chain contacts to ATP.Mg are released after adenylation to facilitate a 130 degree rotation of the C

294 me adenylation to form AMP-ligase, substrate adenylation to form AMP-DNA, and nick closure.

295 ning entails three consecutive steps: enzyme adenylation to form AMP-ligase, substrate adenylation to

296 AsbC catalyzes adenylation to the corresponding AMP ester of the unusua

297 Most pre-mRNAs proceed through 3' adenylation, uridine insertion/deletion editing, and 3'

298 KPAF1 and KPAF2 function as general mRNA 3' adenylation/uridylation factors.

299 ent process, whereas edited mRNAs undergo 3' adenylation/uridylation prior to translation.

300 mRNAs are not destabilized by the lack of 3' adenylation, whereas short A-tails are required and suff

301 se changes displace side chains required for adenylation with side chains required for thioester bond