ライフサイエンスコーパス: aliquot

1 5-20 nmol of NO2- (1-20 micromol/L in 1-5 mL aliquots).

2 expression as anticipated from the same RNA aliquot.

3 to be over 4500 from a single 20 muL plasma aliquot.

4 iglycerides were measured in the same tissue aliquot.

5 yses of NO2- and NO3- separately in the same aliquot.

6 d volume with a 10-min recovery between each aliquot.

7 sms from 10 mL of whole blood into a 200 muL aliquot.

8 Each dust sample was subdivided into six aliquots.

9 serving as the sequencing primer in separate aliquots.

10 ucible and consistent among individual fecal aliquots.

11 STRs (P=.01) in irradiated versus untreated aliquots.

12 beta-globin targets were amplified from all aliquots.

13 raditional loss of sensitivity due to sample aliquoting.

14 f sample collection before or after cytology aliquoting.

15 An aliquot (1.5 mL) of the acetonitrile layer was aspirated

16 Five sequential TAML aliquots (2 muM overall) effected a 31% removal over 60

17 Serial plasma aliquots (50 mL) obtained from 10 commercial donors who

18 ly negative in USP compared to NALC specimen aliquots (58% versus 43%; P < 0.001).

19 and 3% for no amplification) than untreated aliquots (7% for weak amplification and 0% for no amplif

20 A yields (3.7 microg/aliquot) than untreated aliquots (7.6 microg/aliquot) (P<.0005) and were more li

21 t analysis without the need of measuring and aliquoting a fixed sample volume prior to the on-line SP

22 ration of precious metals for the analytical aliquot, allowing for an empirical estimate of a minimum

23 For precytology and postcytology aliquot analyses, specimens showed >98.0% overall agreem

24 This thermostabilized, pre-mixed, pre-aliquoted and ready-to-use magnetogenosensing assay simp

25 Baseline urine aliquots and 24-hr urine collections were collected on d

26 NA expression are assayed in separate lysate aliquots and a dual analyte assay which can measure aP2

27 DNA was extracted from these 6 time point aliquots and analyzed by PCR and pyrosequencing for bact

28 Each laboratory was supplied with identical aliquots and common reagents and culture protocols.

29 The pancreatic digest was divided into aliquots and purified either by Ficoll or by filtration.

30 preparations, however, involve precise serum aliquots and require some skill and training of field pe

31 voided urine sample, which was divided into aliquots and stored with and without AA, at three differ

32 oximately 15 g) of homogenized stool sample, aliquoted, and stored at <-20 degrees C, avoiding furthe

33 lecules in a single trap can be divided into aliquots, and the aliquots can be directed along multipl

34 Each sample was divided into 2 equal aliquots, and the SNO-RAC/Ox-RAC procedure was performed

35 Serum samples in 10 muL aliquots are enzymatically treated to cleave the N-glyca

36 These aliquots are mixed at a temperature above the T(m) for a

37 The two aliquots are then incubated at equal concentrations, dig

38 an autosampler arm to deliver liquid extract aliquots at defined time points.

39 r 7 years (2007-2013) by culture of platelet aliquots at time of transfusion and review of reported t

40 methods estimated extra-Poisson variation at aliquot, batch, and lab levels.

41 r-sized sample, which was equally split into aliquots by the built-in paper microfluidics.

42 Yolks of 80 eggs were analysed as aliquots by the three methods in parallel.

43 ecause of its reversibility, the same enzyme aliquot can be used for performing the whole calibration

44 e trap can be divided into aliquots, and the aliquots can be directed along multiple routes simultane

45 en samples are frozen within 24 h and single aliquots can be used up to three times.

46 The S. agalactiae detection rate by early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR (66.1%) exceeded that

47 Early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR detection rate differe

48 of these samples (51.8%; P<0.0002) or early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR of 144 carrot broth al

49 Enhanced sensitivity of early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR versus direct swab PCR

50 ubjected to carrot broth-enhanced PCR (early-aliquot carrot broth-enhanced PCR) in instances of subse

51 statistics across staining panels, subject, aliquots, channels, or other experimental variables.

52 pronounced in aliquots from 83 carrot broth aliquots collected after 6 h (84.3%) compared to detecti

53 arrot broth-enhanced PCR of 144 carrot broth aliquots collected after fewer than 6 h of incubation (5

54 Aliquots collected along the beginning of the fractional

55 MER measurements on iron oxide suspension aliquots collected during the transformations were perfo

56 inical vaginal/anorectal swabs, with 500-mul aliquots collected.

57 within 96-well plates such that each culture aliquot contained an average of two unique genotypes.

58 One aliquot contained the same amount of solvent vehicle use

59 uot up to 40 replicates within seconds, each aliquot containing just 10 nL.

60 Fluorescence intensities of reaction aliquots correlated linearly with reaction yield after d

61 nd 2,234 +/- 25 protein groups from injected aliquots corresponding to ~10, 100, and 1,000 processed

62 ) code labels directly from HEnRY support of aliquot data transmission to central registries.

63 of dose volume (VD), flow rate, and multiple aliquot delivery are investigated.

64 ss the improvement resulting from a multiple aliquot delivery, a method sometimes employed clinically

65 FU S. agalactiae, with the majority of these aliquots demonstrating detection after 2 h of carrot bro

66 bility to signal average spectra of the same aliquot (depending on its size) thereby improving the si

67 As small as 0.001% aliquot displayed seeding activity.

68 ected from each patient was divided into two aliquots, each of which was assigned a random identifica

69 osphatase to nucleotidyltransferase reaction aliquots enabled the conversion of remaining sugar-1-pho

70 Aliquots equivalent to the maximum drop volume of plasma

71 bsequently identified by analyzing a solvent aliquot evaporated to 1% residual volume, while the othe

72 ling applications including precision liquid aliquoting, flow control within microfluidics, and gener

73 atories should consider providing a specimen aliquot for HPV DNA detection prior to GAA treatment.

74 generation microfluidics to supply picoliter aliquots for analysis at rates up to and including 33 Hz

75 Aliquots for each sample, identified only by study numbe

76 ion of the sperm nuclei, which are stored as aliquots for future use.

77 tain AMBF3-TATE, which was stored in 50-nmol aliquots for radiolabeling.

78 formation about eyeGENE participants and DNA aliquots for their research studies.

79 e the entire process, e.g. by increasing the aliquot forwarded to PCR, the improvement expected to a

80 ll subsequent carboplatin courses, a 0.02-mL aliquot from the solution prepared for treatment is inje

81 An aliquot from this mixture was spotted on a stainless ste

82 class correlation coefficient (ICC) in serum aliquots from 10 subjects and urine aliquots from 20 sub

83 in serum aliquots from 10 subjects and urine aliquots from 20 subjects across multiple analytic runs.

84 Early aliquots from 227 specimens were subjected to carrot bro

85 In separate experiments, aliquots from 236 ThinPrep vials were forwarded for tand

86 We evaluated aliquots from 244 clinical blood culture bottles that de

87 For this study, aliquots from 405 positive blood cultures were tested ag

88 ion rate differences were most pronounced in aliquots from 83 carrot broth aliquots collected after 6

89 urgdorferi-specific PCR for up to 56 days in aliquots from both ceftriaxone-treated and untreated cul

90 Two aliquots from each of the 3 subjects were used as a cont

91 Specimen pools consisted of aliquots from five consecutively processed FCUs combined

92 ed by performance of the Aptima HPV assay on aliquots from reprocessed ThinPrep vials.

93 Fourteen aliquots of pooled CSF and two aliquots from six cognitively normal individuals were ra

94 ping, length of the random region and taking aliquots from the original pool on the exploration of se

95 hose of RSV plaque assays performed on fresh aliquots from the same children.

96 Aliquots from these panels were distributed to six labor

97 in two separate pools (0-6 and 7-24 h), and aliquots from these urine collections were analyzed usin

98 We obtained aliquots from two different sources (here we refer to th

99 Irradiated aliquots had lower median DNA yields (3.7 microg/aliquot

100 ve variable efficacy associated with product aliquoting, handling, and distribution.

101 as deproteinized with acetonitrile before an aliquot (I) was withdrawn, and the remainder was phase-s

102 rnatant and precipitate from a single sample-aliquot in a microfluidic device.

103 e given the difficulty of preparing multiple aliquots in known ratios.

104 e loaded on different chromatographic resins aliquotted in membrane-bottomed microtiter plates.

105 e Trima apheresis platelet unit (n = 12) was aliquoted into five CLX storage bags.

106 Ohm MRSA assay master mix was reconstituted, aliquoted into SmartCycler tubes in 25-microl volumes, a

107 aphSR assay master mix was reconstituted and aliquoted into SmartCycler tubes in 25-mul volumes (fres

108 ic fibrosis (CF) patients were collected and aliquoted into sterile Bijou bottles.

109 Sample is rapidly and automatically aliquoted into the sample spots due to the interplay of

110 n (from finger-prick of blood), metering and aliquoting into separate reaction chambers for paralleli

111 and were split into equal aliquots, with one aliquot irradiated by electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation

112 The DNA template in each aliquot is amplified by multiple displacement amplificat

113 lable only in widely-dispersed, insect-sized aliquots - it was originally intended for insect pollina

114 s system performs sample and enzyme cocktail aliquotting, mixing of reagents, data acquisition, and d

115 Frozen master mix and overnight aliquot modifications of the BD GeneOhm Cdiff assay fail

116 removing N-glycans from the original sample aliquot, O-glycans were chemically released from urinary

117 om each time point was hybridized against an aliquot of 0 time point RNA from the same prostate.

118 Maximum lioAW aliquot of 0.03mug seemed to effectively contrast the in

119 n, only dilution with 0.1 M formic acid, one aliquot of 100 microL of serum was injected into a comme

120 rcial HPLC system and injected with a 10 muL aliquot of 10000 ppm caffeine DI-water solution, the mic

121 An aliquot of a crude Escherichia coli extract containing t

122 asurement of chemical exchange from a single aliquot of a ligand hyperpolarized by dissolution dynami

123 (2) the ability to interrogate a nearly pure aliquot of analyte, and (3) the ability to signal averag

124 Sample treatment involved diluting an aliquot of baby food with ultra-high quality water and a

125 We conclude that discarding an initial aliquot of blood when obtaining blood cultures from IVCs

126 an be monitored in real-time by measuring an aliquot of conditioned medium in culture or a few microl

127 Nineteen patients drank an aliquot of deuterated water (2H2O) daily for 84 days, an

128 Intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of a 1-ml aliquot of diluted ramp-up-stage plasma containing 20 vR

129 pproach, each individual sample and a pooled aliquot of each sample were permethylated using (12)CH(3

130 Mg isotope analyses carried out in the same aliquot of EC micro-phase separates suggest that process

131 An aliquot of freshly reconstituted Abeta(1-42) in sterile

132 degradation demonstrated that a significant aliquot of GPR17 is recycled to the cell surface.

133 permethylated glycans derived from a 0.1-muL aliquot of HBS.

134 sis, corresponding to the analysis of a 2 ng aliquot of homogenate from the 6 ng cell lysate.

135 After the collection disc filled with an aliquot of plasma the upper membranes were stripped from

136 xtraction technology that collects a 2.5 muL aliquot of plasma within three minutes from a finger-sti

137 ix has a 3-nL reactor, and a single 2-microL aliquot of polymerase is amortized over all 400 independ

138 An aliquot of positive-blood-culture broth was incubated wi

139 all ionized proteoform cations; second, this aliquot of protein cations is subjected to PTCR in order

140 The (1)H NMR of an aliquot of reaction mixture and in situ trapping with 2-

141 ility and the possibility to re-use the same aliquot of resin.

142 A 25-microL aliquot of sample is placed on the tungsten filament rem

143 spersed in application buffer, and a 100 muL aliquot of sample was applied to the sample chamber.

144 ed the detection of the drug (to 1 ng) in an aliquot of serum (30 microL) with a 5-order magnitude of

145 A 0.5-ml aliquot of stool was heated to 80 degrees C for 10 min,

146 Repeated screening of the DMSO aliquot of synthesized 1 revealed increasing APOBEC3G in

147 Under optimum conditions, one aliquot of TAML 1a (400 nM) catalyzed 5% degradation ove

148 An aliquot of the blood culture was centrifuged, and the re

149 An aliquot of the library is added to bacterial S30 extract

150 he lenses were then placed into a fresh 1-mL aliquot of the lipid being tested, and the procedure was

151 the depleted limiting primers to a separate aliquot of the multiplex reaction.

152 diluted in the same cylinder by releasing an aliquot of the parent mixture.

153 Then, a 0.5mL aliquot of the partitioned supernatant was cleaned-up us

154 Replicate PCR/ESI-MS testing from a second aliquot of the PCR/ESI-MS-positive/culture-negative spec

155 An aliquot of the protein complex is then exposed to a stim

156 Lp(a) was removed from a second aliquot of the same serum sample by carbohydrate affinit

157 An aliquot of the supernatant was mixed with an equal volum

158 nser that incorporates long-term storage and aliquoting of reagents on different microfluidics platfo

159 The consecutive loading, mixing, and aliquoting of the LAMP primers/reagents and DNA sample s

160 d measurement of fat absorption by analyzing aliquots of <1% of total feces.

161 state shivering response, at which point two aliquots of 1.5 ml kg(-1) (SML) and 3.0 ml kg(-1) (LRG),

162 Frozen aliquots of 145 (for HPeV, n = 70; for EV, n = 75) previ

163 Fresh aliquots of 161 BM and 147 PB stem-cell allografts from

164 Group 1 (n = 25) ingested 150-mL aliquots of 2% barium sulfate suspension with meals and

165 Aliquots of 30 patient serum samples were analyzed for c

166 e were inoculated into their right eyes with aliquots of 5 x 10(5)/2.5 muL B16LS9 melanoma cells and

167 Test panels, including aliquots of 50 patient samples (40 positive samples and

168 ar and rotary molecular motors are driven by aliquots of a chemical fuel, trichloroacetic acid.

169 When aliquots of a human urine sample spiked with 1 microg/mL

170 The separation protocol involves taking two aliquots of a mixture of particles that vary in size and

171 of reaction during a series of injections of aliquots of a reactant into a sample cell.

172 Upon mixing Cu(II), Abeta(1-16)(Y10W), and aliquots of Abeta(1-42) taken from samples incubated for

173 quality control (QC) samples, prepared from aliquots of all experimental samples, were embedded in t

174 eated pressure-based injections of nanoliter aliquots of amplicon (along with the DNA sizing standard

175 The microbubbles form explosively when small aliquots of an aqueous suspension of droplets of a water

176 ulated with 2 ml of banked whole blood, 1-ml aliquots of antibiotic suspension, and organisms diluted

177 oma and targeted sequencing on cryopreserved aliquots of autologous stem-cell products from 401 patie

178 zed primarily by a standardized assay, where aliquots of batch-cultured cells are rapidly pipetted in

179 etabolomics was used to analyze 60 muL serum aliquots of blood collected 4 days post-oral exposure.

180 -based technology that targets EpCAM to rank aliquots of blood for the presence or absence of a CTC.

181 mycobacteremia in adults, we inoculated 5-ml aliquots of blood from patients with suspected mycobacte

182 o the portal vein and as many as four 7.5-mL aliquots of blood were aspirated.

183 cterial (MB) bottles and incubated, and 5-ml aliquots of blood were extracted and tested by real-time

184 Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia, 5-ml aliquots of blood were inoculated into bioMerieux mycoba

185 Aliquots of blood, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fl

186 of the peptide biosensor at fmol levels from aliquots of cell lysate equivalent to ~15,000 cells.

187 ected and uninfected hamsters using 2-microl aliquots of cerebral spinal fluid.

188 After 4 hours, aliquots of culture medium were collected for high-perfo

189 manage processing and storage of samples and aliquots of different sample types.

190 bundance of Burkholderia multivorans between aliquots of DTT-treated sputum samples with and without

191 Aliquots of each fraction were assayed for sensitizer ac

192 DTT, peptides were separated by RP-HPLC, and aliquots of each fraction were counted for 3H label with

193 eported devices deliver precise and accurate aliquots of essentially any granular solid material.

194 Aliquots of fresh or pretreated cells were spotted onto

195 By addition of additional fresh aliquots of fuel and removal of waste, the hydrogels can

196 cultured human bone marrow stromal cells to aliquots of HA-TCP particles and were placed in subcutan

197 In this procedure, 200 microL aliquots of isopropyl alcohol were repeatedly dropped on

198 First, aliquots of linear phage library displaying 10(10th) 12m

199 interactions, SPR can rapidly quantify small aliquots of nanoRx formulations for desired and undesire

200 Group 2 (n = 21) ingested 10-mL aliquots of nonionic iodinated contrast material (ioprom

201 tion of possible adulteration by addition of aliquots of oil from whole paste to the most valuable oi

202 rification methods were compared among equal aliquots of oral rinse samples collected from a subset o

203 cent detection of anti-HDV antibody in small aliquots of patient serum.

204 Fourteen aliquots of pooled CSF and two aliquots from six cogniti

205 ate tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data on aliquots of pooled serum and plasma from healthy subject

206 sion to the fibrils can be seeded with small aliquots of preformed fibrils.

207 Aliquots of samples were stored at 18 degrees C to 26 de

208 Aliquots of serum collected at enrollment in either of t

209 Aliquots of soil were sampled for up to 14 days for cult

210 Aliquots of solubilized proteins from a pancreatic cance

211 urface of the sample by applying a series of aliquots of solvent, then analyzing their contents after

212 ted microcolumns to enable the use of just 2 aliquots of starting library, and its 96-well microplate

213 Aliquots of the alveolar macrophages were also treated w

214 Aliquots of the crude membrane fraction were run on mult

215 ion structural images are obtained by adding aliquots of the evolving reaction to BzCN and then 'wait

216 Aliquots of the exudates were metabolized by soil bacter

217 Analyses of three different aliquots of the Gibeon (IVA) iron meteorite obtained ove

218 Aliquots of the incubating research blood culture fluid

219 firmed by exoglycosidase array digestions of aliquots of the N-glycan pool.

220 strument was set to disperse the appropriate aliquots of the reagents and sample on a Whatman paper s

221 Aliquots of the same cells transfected with a plasmid co

222 Different aliquots of the same saffron sample were subjected to va

223 or carbonates that are believed to represent aliquots of the same solutions that precipitated the ore

224 sera was determined following incubation of aliquots of the sera with human serum albumin (HSA), lip

225 In the fluorescence detection step, aliquots of the supernatant are concentrated onto a prot

226 mediate analysis is not feasible, single-use aliquots of the supernatants can be frozen and stored (-

227 Aliquots of the ultrafiltrate were analyzed for monomeri

228 By covalently cross-linking aliquots of the walker to its track in successive walkin

229 Small aliquots of these adducts were separated for characteriz

230 osensory thalamus in rats, we injected small aliquots of tracer into each nucleus and analyzed the pa

231 The latter approach only requires small aliquots of unroasted cocoa beans, can be automatated, r

232 DBS were created by spotting 50-mul aliquots of whole blood on 903 filter paper.

233 Aliquots of whole blood, serum, and urine from clinicall

234 is of genomic integrity gels, than untreated aliquots (P<.0005).

235 aliquot) than untreated aliquots (7.6 microg/aliquot) (P<.0005) and were more likely to have smaller

236 entrifugation and clarification of a 500-mul aliquot prior to sample lysis (protocol A) and direct ly

237 79 individuals from the Onclarity trial were aliquoted prior to or following cytology processing and

238 me multiplication events leads to the genome aliquoting problem.

239 is (protocol A) and direct lysis of a 50-mul aliquot (protocol B).

240 The aliquot punches were extracted by liquid/liquid extracti

241 ements under relatively dilute conditions by aliquot quenching kinetics and by relative rate measurem

242 Ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) is a sensitive and high-throughpu

243 Previously, we reported an ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) platform for the rare cell and CT

244 This technology, termed ensemble decision aliquot ranking (eDAR), recovered spiked-in cancer cells

245 ibuted into multiple aliquots such that each aliquot receives a fraction of a haploid copy.

246 and sample processing steps), preparation of aliquot shipments, including associated documents to be

247 Irradiated aliquots showed poorer PCR amplification of a 989-bp bet

248 th Poisson-distributed experimental error in aliquoting starting copies, a theoretical limit to instr

249 utomatic collection of a given number of its aliquots (subfractions) exposed to the solid sample.

250 DNA is diluted and distributed into multiple aliquots such that each aliquot receives a fraction of a

251 For direct testing, an aliquot taken from BD BACTEC Plus and/or BD BACTEC Lytic

252 ions of individual samples, the volume of an aliquot taken from each sample is adjusted so that the s

253 Aliquots taken at various time points were analyzed.

254 ixture, but instead are only introduced into aliquots taken from the reaction at regular time interva

255 uots had lower median DNA yields (3.7 microg/aliquot) than untreated aliquots (7.6 microg/aliquot) (P

256 comprehensive analysis of riverbed sediment aliquots that avoids visual selection bias using state-o

257 nce between the mean bacterial abundances in aliquots that were subjected to only DTT treatment and t

258 ach centre sent nine new cerebrospinal fluid aliquots that were used to measure total tau, phosphoryl

259 After reprocessing of a new aliquot, the final h-IC inhibition rates were 0% (EM) an

260 Each fraction then is split in two aliquots: The first is digested with trypsin for peptide

261 bility to signal average spectra of the same aliquot, thereby improving the signal-to-noise in a stop

262 hipments unique and secure identification of aliquots through use of customizable Quick Response (QR)

263 tistep pathway that was elucidated by taking aliquots throughout the course of the reaction and study

264 lization period, animals were hemorrhaged in aliquots to 10, 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% of total blo

265 f blood was obtained and inoculated in 10-ml aliquots to aerobic and anaerobic culture vials.

266 wed by resequencing separately amplified DNA aliquots to confirm each mutation.

267 propionaldehyde at -78 degrees C in THF, an aliquot transferred to a flask at approximately 30 degre

268 ) of this pipettor have been demonstrated to aliquot/transport nanoliter-to-picoliter solutions.

269 NAFLD ingested heavy water ((2) H2 O, 50-mL aliquots) two to three times daily for 3-5 weeks prior t

270 few microliters of sample, it is possible to aliquot up to 40 replicates within seconds, each aliquot

271 analyzed breast cancer cell line derived RNA aliquots using Agilent cDNA and Affymetrix oligonucleoti

272 Lp-PLA2 was measured in plasma aliquots using an enzyme-linked immunoassay.

273 on curves or measurements of compound masses/aliquot volumes are required.

274 A 10 muL aliquot was determined by gas chromatography with chemic

275 frozen; IS underwent liquid culture, and an aliquot was frozen.

276 When growth was detected, an aliquot was removed and plated onto CHROMagar Candida.

277 For the rRNA assay, a 0.4-ml aliquot was removed, and the cells were pelleted by cent

278 measured the total urine volume (Uvol), the aliquot was stored for the later determination of Uosm a

279 A separate aliquot was used to quantify levels of pro-surfactant pr

280 Two aliquots were continuously agitated with or without MAPK

281 K) pathway from treated and untreated sample aliquots were determined using a bead-based immunoassay.

282 Aliquots were digested with pepsin, trypsin, or GluC and

283 Aliquots were extracted and tested for DNA yields (e.g.,

284 Aliquots were frozen for testing on different diagnostic

285 At this time, cell aliquots were grafted into nude mice to study in vivo fu

286 wabbed, and prepared in suspension, and 1 mL aliquots were inoculated onto test plates in triplicate.

287 Furthermore, intact and digested cell aliquots were measured to investigate the impact of MC s

288 Following treatment, aliquots were plated for viability determination and com

289 Whole blood, serum, and urine aliquots were prepared and are available to investigator

290 The vials were incubated for 72 h, and aliquots were removed for HPLC analysis by using the She

291 Aliquots were removed over a period of 3 weeks and analy

292 Two sample aliquots were simultaneously injected onto a dual column

293 Aliquots were stored at room temperature before being fr

294 Two aliquots were subjected to 48 hours of interruption of a

295 Aliquots were subjected to short pressure pulses of 690,

296 During irradiation, aliquots were taken and analyzed by a flow injection sys

297 Sample aliquots were tested for dissolved and total arsenic by

298 ected to only DTT treatment and those of the aliquots which included an MH step (all bacteria, P = 0.

299 A sample was divided into four aliquots which were analyzed in parallel by 1D isoelectr

300 mouthwash rinses, and were split into equal aliquots, with one aliquot irradiated by electron-beam (