ライフサイエンスコーパス: alpha-defensin

1 l mice and is able to interact directly with alpha-defensin.

2 due positions that MMP-7 activates mouse pro-alpha-defensins.

3 enzyme required for the processing of mouse alpha-defensins.

4 Cys residues, consistent with identities as alpha-defensins.

5 ise diverse sequences of all known mammalian alpha-defensins.

6 f infection before the release of neutrophil alpha-defensins.

7 ise diverse sequences of all known mammalian alpha-defensins.

8 to the primary structures of rhesus myeloid alpha-defensins.

9 ce with colchicine to inhibit the release of alpha-defensins.

10 y releasing antimicrobial proteins including alpha-defensins.

11 ce of MMP7, we characterized colonic luminal alpha-defensins.

12 ne residues, making them distinct from other alpha-defensins.

13 n defensins, we chemically synthesized human alpha-defensin 1 (HNP1) and several HNP1 analogs where t

14 sistent with that of WT in response to human alpha-defensin 1, mutant kinase F33A did not properly tr

15 A recent study reports that alpha-defensins 1 to 3 account for CAF activity against

16 V-1 infection following viral entry but that alpha-defensins 1 to 3 are not responsible for the HIV-1

17 activity and a neutralizing antibody against alpha-defensins 1 to 3 did not reverse the inhibitory ef

18 Furthermore, alpha-defensins 1 to 3 were below the level of detection

19 Our screen revealed that human alpha-defensins 1-3 [known as human neutrophil peptides

20 , we studied the antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin-1 (also known as "human neutrophil peptid

21 Both recombinant alpha-defensin-1 and CAF derived from herpesvirus saimir

22 nd analysis of HIV-1 products indicated that alpha-defensin-1 and Go6976 blocked HIV-1 infection at s

23 We have previously shown that alpha-defensin-1 can inhibit HIV-1 replication following

24 In contrast to CAF, alpha-defensin-1 did not inhibit phorbol myristate aceta

25 These defensin-like chemokines and human alpha-defensin-1 directly inhibited Ad3 and Ad5 but not

26 Alpha-defensin-1 had a direct effect on HIV-1 virions at

27 Studying the complex function of alpha-defensin-1 in innate immunity against HIV has impl

28 ation in primary CD4+ T cells in response to alpha-defensin-1 indicated that alpha-defensin-1 inhibit

29 response to alpha-defensin-1 indicated that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited PKC activity.

30 kinetics of the HIV life cycle revealed that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited steps following reverse trans

31 Taken together, our results suggest that alpha-defensin-1 inhibits HIV-1 infection following vira

32 s demonstrate that, in the absence of serum, alpha-defensin-1 may act directly on the virus, but, in

33 is was accompanied by a ten-fold increase in alpha-defensin-1 mRNA.

34 ddress whether alpha-defensins, particularly alpha-defensin-1, contribute to CAF-mediated inhibition

35 Like alpha-defensin-1, the PKC isoform-selective inhibitor Go

36 rophils to release the antimicrobial peptide alpha-defensin-1, which enhances fibrin polymerization k

37 activator, bryostatin 1, partially reversed alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV inhibition.

38 re we examined the molecular mechanism(s) of alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV-1 inhibition.

39 ors CCCR5, CXCR4, and anti-microbial protein alpha-defensin-1.

40 ins, we chemically prepared human neutrophil alpha-defensin 2 (HNP2) and five HNP2 analogs, R5E/E13R,

41 invariant Gly17 residue in human neutrophil alpha-defensin 2 (HNP2) by L-Ala or one of the D-amino a

42 efensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alpha-defensin 4 (RMAD-4) were replaced with Lys to prep

43 Because rhesus myeloid pro-alpha-defensin-4 (proRMAD-4((20-94))) lacks bactericidal

44 n mouse cryptdin-4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alpha-defensin-4 (RMAD4), complete substitutions of Arg

45 expression levels of innate antimicrobials, alpha defensin 5 (HD5) and regenerating islet-derived 3

46 susceptibility of Paneth-cell-specific human alpha-defensin 5 (HD-5) and -6 (HD-6) to intestinal prot

47 an neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3] and human alpha-defensin 5 (HD-5) are potent antagonists of infect

48 tial for the host barrier, principally human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) and HD6.

49 human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP1) and human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) inhibit BKV infection by targetin

50 Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) is an innate immune effector pept

51 Synthetic human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) was orally given to alcohol-fed m

52 Recent studies show that human enteric alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), a host defense peptide important

53 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), block infection of non-enveloped

54 onserved Arg(6)-Glu(14) salt bridge in human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), we chemically prepared HD5 and i

55 the interaction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV led to a proposed mech

56 Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5, HD5(ox) to specify the oxidized a

57 the anti-HIV properties of recombinant human alpha-defensin 5, mouse alpha-defensins, cryptdins (Crp)

58 ins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human alpha-defensin 5; HD5) have a lectin-like ability to bin

59 stic of mature Paneth cells, including human alpha-defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and HD6) and Paneth cell ly

60 Human alpha-defensin 6 (HD6) is a 32-aa cysteine-rich peptide

61 terial action is described for human enteric alpha-defensin 6, which forms structured nanonets to ent

62 In vivo, alpha defensin administration protected mice from inflam

63 data expand the previously known activity of alpha -defensins against influenza virus.

64 study elucidates a new antiviral action for alpha-defensins against nonenveloped viruses in which HD

65 Here, we examined the contribution of alpha-defensins (alpha-defs), antimicrobial proteins rel

66 To determine if alpha-defensins also govern intestinal microbial ecology

67 receptors resulted in significant release of alpha-defensins, an effect also induced by both human po

68 , including neutrophil count, interleukin-8, alpha defensins and MMP-9, demonstrate highly replicable

69 inhibitor (SLPI), elafin, pentraxin, LL-37, alpha-defensins and beta-defensin-2, and the protease ne

70 s study, we examine the interactions between alpha-defensins and IL-1beta and the role of defensin de

71 associated with reduced levels of intestinal alpha-defensins and ileal Crohn's disease.

72 activator capable of inactivating neutrophil alpha-defensins and of impairing phagocytosis via opsoni

73 assist researchers or students interested in alpha-defensins and related aspects of neutrophil functi

74 Based on their chemotactic properties, alpha-defensins and their release by ANCA may contribute

75 The ability of CD91 to internalize alpha-defensins and to cross-present exogenous antigen t

76 ro peptide in the folding and functioning of alpha-defensins and/or pro alpha-defensins, we chemicall

77 tive alpha-defensins, N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins, and alpha-defensin variants with novel

78 man infection, including cathelicidin LL-37, alpha-defensins, and beta-defensins.

79 on Paneth cell (PC) antimicrobial peptides, alpha-defensins, and to define the link between PC dysfu

80 The alpha-defensin antimicrobial peptide family is defined b

81 Impaired expression of alpha-defensin antimicrobial peptides and overproduction

82 Alpha defensins are antimicrobial peptides with expressi

83 Human alpha-defensins are 3- to 5-kDa disulfide-bridged peptid

84 Alpha-defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides in p

85 Thus, despite the absence of MMP7, mature alpha-defensins are abundant in MMP7(-/-) cecum and colo

86 alpha-defensins are among the most highly expressed anti

87 Enteric alpha-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by P

88 n the mammalian small intestine, Paneth cell alpha-defensins are antimicrobial peptides that contribu

89 We investigated whether enteric alpha-defensins are autoantigens in humans and mice with

90 Human alpha-defensins are cationic peptides that self-associat

91 e conclusion that rhesus macaque myeloid pro-alpha-defensins are converted to active forms by serine

92 al consequences of Arg-->Lys replacements in alpha-defensins are dependent on the peptide primary str

93 The structural features of alpha-defensins are described extensively and their func

94 Human alpha-defensins are evolutionarily conserved effectors o

95 alpha-Defensins are expressed constitutively in human ne

96 Alpha-defensins are mammalian antimicrobial peptides exp

97 Human alpha-defensins are proteins of the innate immune system

98 n stimulation by bacterial antigens, enteric alpha-defensins are secreted into the intestinal lumen w

99 , antitoxic, and binding properties of human alpha-defensins are summarized.

100 properties of HD6, an enigmatic Paneth cell alpha-defensin, are contrasted with those of the four my

101 including calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and alpha-defensins, are proteins contained in neutrophil gr

102 To investigate the role of high alpha-defensin Arg content, all Arg residues in mouse Pa

103 ost defense peptides and proteins, including alpha-defensins, as mediators of innate immunity.

104 HFD disrupted the intestinal Mmp7/alpha-defensin axis, which was completely prevented in N

105 this invariant structural feature determines alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, mouse cryptdin-4 (

106 Thus, rather than determining alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, the Crp4 disulfide

107 Cationic amino acids contribute to alpha-defensin bactericidal activity.

108 This review of human alpha-defensins begins by describing their evolution, in

109 ammalian antimicrobial peptides were tested: alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and cathelicidins.

110 sapA exposed to several human APs, including alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and the cathelicidin LL

111 in, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, defensin-beta4A, chemokine ligand 5, and serum am

112 lar catalysis of defensin folding as well as alpha-defensin binding, although their binding modes app

113 y, we now provide direct evidence that human alpha-defensins block adenovirus infection by preventing

114 es that Arg is strongly selected over Lys in alpha-defensins but not in beta-defensins.

115 To test for activation of secreted pro-alpha-defensins by host and microbial proteinases in the

116 Human myeloid alpha-defensins called HNPs play multiple roles in innat

117 ovar Typhimurium decreases the expression of alpha-defensins (called cryptdins in mice) and lysozyme.

118 Neutrophil-derived alpha-defensins can inhibit angiogenesis.

119 enteric host defenses in nonhuman primates, alpha-defensin cDNAs were isolated, alpha-defensin pepti

120 the hypothesis that reduced expression of PC alpha-defensins compromises mucosal host defenses and pr

121 Intestinal Paneth cell-derived alpha-defensins constitute an integral part of the gut m

122 alent electropositive charges at neutral pH, alpha-defensins contain an average of nine Arg residues

123 The recent demonstration that human alpha-defensins could prevent deleterious effects of ant

124 nes and members of the defensin subfamilies, alpha-defensins (Crp-4), beta-defensins (HBD-2, HBD-3),

125 ntent, all Arg residues in mouse Paneth cell alpha-defensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alph

126 tein (BPI)-derived peptide P2 and the murine alpha-defensin cryptdin-4 (Crp4).

127 efflux, but in a manner different from mouse alpha-defensin cryptdin-4.

128 The bactericidal activity of mouse alpha-defensins (cryptdins) requires proteolytic activat

129 of recombinant human alpha-defensin 5, mouse alpha-defensins, cryptdins (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus mac

130 mer disulfide exchange between the canonical alpha-defensin Cys(II)-Cys(IV) (Cys(5)-Cys(20)) bonds lo

131 ecision and specificity expression levels of alpha-defensin (Defa) mRNA in the small intestine of C57

132 encoding components of the small intestinal (alpha-defensins Defa24 and Defa-rs1) and colonic (trefoi

133 s in the rat, suggesting that the neutrophil alpha-defensin defect in mice resulted from progressive

134 l is not appropriate for studying effects of alpha-defensin deficiency in cecal or colonic infection

135 Although Paneth cell alpha-defensin deficiency is associated with ileal micro

136 ensin dysfunction and AH was investigated in alpha-defensin-deficient mice.

137 omplementary models, we detected significant alpha-defensin-dependent changes in microbiota compositi

138 o-receptors in health and high expression of alpha-defensin during CP may comprise endogenous factors

139 The link between alpha-defensin dysfunction and AH was investigated in al

140 , the study suggests that alcohol-induced PC alpha-defensin dysfunction is mediated by zinc deficienc

141 includes antimicrobial peptides, such as the alpha-defensins, encoded by DEFA1A3, is important in pre

142 Cryptdin-4 (Crp4) is an alpha-defensin expressed in Paneth cells of the mouse sm

143 hey are also homologues of the more familiar alpha-defensins expressed by humans and certain other ma

144 Antimicrobial peptides, in particular alpha-defensins expressed by Paneth cells, control micro

145 Innate immune control, mediated in part by alpha-defensins expressed in the genital mucosa, may inf

146 Mammalian alpha-defensins, expressed primarily in leukocytes and e

147 Mammalian alpha-defensins, expressed primarily in leukocytes and e

148 controls restored the attenuated Paneth cell alpha-defensin expression characteristic of patients wit

149 approach demonstrated marked differences in alpha-defensin expression in C57BL/6 mice with respect t

150 The functional consequence of alpha-defensin expression levels was examined by using a

151 disruption of gut microbiota composition and alpha-defensin expression.

152 The conserved tridisulfide array of the alpha-defensin family imposes a common triple-stranded b

153 l peptide cryptdin-4 (Crp4), a member of the alpha-defensin family, is shown to translocate cooperati

154 There are six members of the human alpha-defensin family: four human neutrophil peptides, i

155 sulting cyclic defensins retained the native alpha-defensin fold and showed equivalent or better micr

156 e adopts the canonical disulfide pairing and alpha-defensin fold.

157 ght on the molecular mechanisms by which pro alpha-defensins fold in vivo.

158 salt bridge is not required for correct pro-alpha-defensin folding.

159 , PsVs remained susceptible to inhibition by alpha-defensins for many hours after initial binding to

160 However, even the low concentrations of alpha-defensins found in normal human serum suffice to b

161 Here we report the discovery of new alpha-defensins from rhesus macaque oral mucosa and dete

162 Thus, compared to myeloid alpha-defensins from rhesus macaques, enteric alpha-defe

163 Zinc-regulated PC homeostasis and alpha-defensins function at multiple levels, and dietary

164 stinal microbiota of mice expressing a human alpha-defensin gene (DEFA5) and in mice lacking an enzym

165 In C57BL/6 mice, alpha-defensin gene diversification appears to have occu

166 role of NT in gut microbiota composition and alpha-defensin gene expression associated with obesity.

167 u/lambda plays a central role in NT-mediated alpha-defensin gene expression which might be mediated t

168 uild with respect to the organization of the alpha-defensin gene locus.

169 ecently reported for innate immunity-related alpha-defensin genes DEFA1 and DEFA3 and beta-defensin g

170 number variation at the human anti-microbial alpha-defensin genes DEFA1 and DEFA3, encoding human neu

171 at are closely related to functional myeloid alpha-defensin genes in the rat, suggesting that the neu

172 lic octadecapeptides encoded by the modified alpha-defensin genes of certain nonhuman primates.

173 Conversely, alpha-defensin genes were upregulated in P9 tissues.

174 -37) and murine (CRAMP) cathelicidins, human alpha-defensin (HBD-1, HBD-2), and a control peptide.

175 Human alpha-defensin (HD) 6 is highly expressed by secretory P

176 In humans, the alpha defensin HD5 is produced by specialized epithelial

177 ides in the small intestine, including human alpha-defensins HD5 and HD6.

178 This study examined the ability of a human alpha defensin, HD5, to neutralize JCPyV infection in hu

179 ce to LL-37 and beta-defensin HBD-3, but not alpha-defensin HNP-2.

180 usceptible to destabilizing effects of human alpha-defensins HNP-1 and HD-5 and the synthetic theta-d

181 Here, we report that human alpha-defensins HNP-1 to HNP-3 acted in a concentration-

182 Human alpha-defensins HNP-4 and HD-6 and human beta-defensin-1

183 n neutrophils contain large amounts of three alpha-defensins (HNP-1-HNP-3), and smaller amounts of a

184 formed a comprehensive alanine scan of human alpha-defensin HNP1 and tested the ability of the result

185 re contrasted with those of the four myeloid alpha-defensins (HNP1-4) and of HD5, the other alpha-def

186 Noncytotoxic concentrations of all six alpha-defensins (HNP1-4, HD5, and HD6) and human beta-de

187 Human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensins (HNPs) and human beta-defensins (HBDs) a

188 Human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) are cationic antimicrobial peptid

189 Human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) are synthesized in vivo as inacti

190 tested the hypothesis that human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) inhibit hepatic glucose productio

191 We also show, for the first time, that human alpha-defensins, HNPs 1-3, are lectins that bind with re

192 ments indicated that retrocyclin 2 and human alpha defensins human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP 1) to HN

193 Our data show that alpha-defensin human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP1) and hum

194 We have reported that the alpha-defensins human neutrophil peptides (HNP)-1 and HN

195 HDPs of relevant immune sources: neutrophil alpha-defensin (human neutrophil peptide 1 [hNP-1]), cut

196 d rhesus theta-defensins 1-3) and four human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-4) t

197 Four of the six human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human

198 In this study, we quantitated the release of alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3) from hum

199 Human alpha-defensins [human neutrophil peptides (HNPs)] are i

200 sm of action of the most abundant neutrophil alpha defensin, Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP1).

201 us structural study on the interaction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV

202 Unlike alpha-defensins, human beta-defensins and mouse procrypt

203 inant functional role in the action of human alpha-defensins; hydrophobicity-mediated high-order asse

204 2-deficient mice by transgenic expression of alpha-defensin in Paneth cells rescued the Th1 inflammat

205 roHD5 and subsequent stabilization of mature alpha-defensin in vivo.

206 studies show that five abundant Paneth cell alpha-defensins in C57BL/6 mice are strain specific in t

207 To investigate the role of alpha-defensins in enteric host defenses in nonhuman pri

208 tribute to a debate over the role of enteric alpha-defensins in mucosal immunity against HIV-1 infect

209 elated sequence peptides form a subfamily of alpha-defensins in murine but not human Paneth cells tha

210 MMP7(-/-) mice lack mature alpha-defensins in Paneth cells, accumulating unprocesse

211 d facilitate further analyses of the role of alpha-defensins in primate enteric immunity.

212 Our data ascribe a new homeostatic role to alpha-defensins in regulating the makeup of the commensa

213 Given the role of alpha-defensins in shaping the composition of the enteri

214 MMP7(-/-) mice only lack processed alpha-defensins in the small intestine, and the model is

215 nesis using transgenic mice expressing human alpha-defensins in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes (D

216 oduce procryptdins but not mature cryptdins (alpha-defensins) in the intestine, were more susceptible

217 It was found that alpha-defensins, including mouse Paneth cell defensins c

218 ity provides evidence that specific types of alpha-defensin-induced membrane curvature-generating ten

219 Together, these data show that alpha-defensins inhibit pathologic retinal neovasculariz

220 nd fusion and found that, surprisingly, this alpha-defensin inhibited multiple steps of virus entry,

221 Recently, we demonstrated that alpha-defensins interfere with alpha5beta1-FN interactio

222 Paneth cells secrete microbicidal enteric alpha-defensins into the small intestinal lumen, and cry

223 g5-Glu13 salt bridge found in most mammalian alpha-defensins is conserved for defensin in vivo stabil

224 d, demonstrating that only the pro-domain of alpha-defensins is normally accessible for cleavage by t

225 Accelerated Def(+/+) mice developed alpha-defensin.LDL complexes that accelerate the clearan

226 The alpha-defensin levels observed range from 1 to 10 microg

227 ed that the molecular masses of the putative alpha-defensins matched those of the six most abundant k

228 Characterizing the mechanism of action of alpha -defensins may lead to the identification of new s

229 des, suggesting that the high Arg content of alpha-defensins may be under selection to confer superio

230 Thus, alpha-defensins may play an important role in intestinal

231 Paneth cell alpha-defensins mediate host defense and homeostasis at

232 The alpha-defensin-mediated innate mucosal immunity was main

233 Small intestinal Paneth cells secrete alpha-defensin microbicidal peptides as mediators of inn

234 factor-alpha-induced shock, that Paneth cell alpha-defensins modulate the composition of the small in

235 idence that the disulfide array protects the alpha-defensin moiety from degradation by the myeloid co

236 Although native Crp4 and the alpha-defensin moiety of proCrp4 resisted proteolysis co

237 h significant mechanistic data are known for alpha-defensins, molecular details for beta-defensin inh

238 , abundance of chromogranin A, gut hormones, alpha-defensin, mucin 2, Na(+)/glucose co-transporter 1

239 Intact, native alpha-defensins, N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins,

240 pha-defensins (HNP1-4) and of HD5, the other alpha-defensin of human Paneth cells.

241 ingly, we tested the hypothesis that enteric alpha-defensins of Paneth cell origin persist in a funct

242 s, we studied the effect of human neutrophil alpha-defensins on low density lipoprotein (LDL) traffic

243 Alpha-defensins (or Cryptdins [Crps]) are a group of ant

244 ion to informing the antiviral mechanisms of alpha-defensins, our studies highlight the critical role

245 ecies in the number and primary structure of alpha-defensin paralogs.

246 Here, we address whether alpha-defensins, particularly alpha-defensin-1, contribu

247 lpha-defensins from rhesus macaques, enteric alpha-defensin peptides are highly variable in both prim

248 (Crp4) is the most bactericidal of the mouse alpha-defensin peptides in vitro.

249 many laboratories supports the premise that alpha-defensin peptides secreted from Paneth cells are k

250 rimates, alpha-defensin cDNAs were isolated, alpha-defensin peptides were purified from rhesus macaqu

251 n SFB dysbiosis due to reduced expression of alpha-defensins, Pigr, and Nox1.

252 Because mouse alpha-defensin precursors are cleaved and activated by m

253 ursors, and that catalysis at these sites in alpha-defensin pro-domains results in acquisition of def

254 lloproteinase-7 (MMP7) converts inactive pro-alpha-defensins (proCrps) to bactericidal forms by prote

255 In vivo, matrilysin (MMP7) activates pro-alpha-defensins (procryptdins), but in vitro, processing

256 efective NOD2 function can result in reduced alpha-defensin production by intestinal Paneth cells and

257 th mouse genome assemblies contain conserved alpha-defensin pseudogenes that are closely related to f

258 vage are more common at the amino termini of alpha-defensin rather than beta-defensin precursors, and

259 Six rhesus enteric alpha-defensin (RED) cDNAs, RED-1 to RED-6, were identif

260 ed the level of expression of rhesus enteric alpha-defensins (REDs) in the jejunal mucosa of rhesus m

261 Systemic and local administration of alpha-defensins reduced retinal neovascularization by 45

262 hol feeding caused systemic dysbiosis and PC alpha-defensin reduction in mice.

263 Mouse Paneth cells also express alpha-defensin-related Defcr-rs genes that code for cyst

264 We previously reported that alpha defensins, released from apoptotic human neutrophi

265 Mouse Paneth cell alpha-defensins require the proteolytic activation of pr

266 efensins but had relatively little effect on alpha-defensin resistance.

267 Microscopic studies of PsV inhibition by the alpha-defensins revealed that they block virion escape f

268 ther characterize the dimer interface of the alpha-defensins, revealing a crucial role of hydrophobic

269 Therefore, two alpha-defensins, RMAD-4 and Crp3, inhibit or augment HIV

270 ns (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus macaque myeloid alpha-defensins (RMADs) 3 and 4 were determined in vitro

271 alpha-defensins, termed rhesus macaque oral alpha-defensins (ROADs).

272 Thus, Paneth cell alpha-defensins secreted into the small intestinal lumen

273 chia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the six alpha-defensins showed bactericidal activity that correl

274 Human alpha-defensins, small cationic antimicrobial peptides,

275 In vitro, alpha-defensins specifically inhibited alpha5beta1-integ

276 macaque oral mucosa and determine the first alpha-defensin structure from that species.

277 ct surface features when compared with other alpha-defensin structures.

278 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), b

279 Knockout of functional alpha-defensins synergistically affected alcohol-perturb

280 Enteric alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, are hi

281 small intestinal crypts secrete microbicidal alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, as med

282 In mouse Paneth cells, alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), are activated

283 In mice, production of mature Paneth cell alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), requires prote

284 Intestinal-specific antimicrobial alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins, are secreted into the

285 al mucosal tissues, disclosing three mucosal alpha-defensins, termed rhesus macaque oral alpha-defens

286 e between Arg and Lys is more evident in the alpha-defensin than in the beta-defensin and is more evi

287 This demonstrates that binding of alpha-defensin to molecules involved in HIV-1 fusion is

288 py showed RMAD-4 and Crp3 had characteristic alpha-defensin tridisulfide arrays.

289 N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins, and alpha-defensin variants with novel N termini due to alte

290 The role of zinc deficiency in alpha-defensin was evaluated in acute and chronic mouse

291 The specific decrease of alpha-defensins was independent of the degree of inflamm

292 nd functioning of alpha-defensins and/or pro alpha-defensins, we chemically attached the proHNP1 pro

293 s of the conserved Arg5-Glu13 salt bridge in alpha-defensins, we chemically prepared human neutrophil

294 These alpha-defensins were also shown to bind to surfactant pr

295 alpha-Defensins were detected in human diabetic retinas

296 Mature alpha-defensins were identified by N-terminal sequencing

297 Here, alpha-defensins were studied in hypoxia-induced prolifer

298 imens also showed decreased expression of PC alpha-defensins, whereas the expression of eight other P

299 Because alpha-defensins, which are cationic antimicrobial peptid

300 ty-mediated high-order assembly endows human alpha-defensins with an extraordinary ability to acquire