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1 t the posterior end of the cerebral vesicle (amphioxus).
2 ate chordate Branchiostoma floridae (Florida amphioxus).
3 -scale sequence of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus.
4 s about the existence of an MHB organizer in amphioxus.
5 he embryonic ectoderm of the cephalochordate amphioxus.
6 te that AmphiNotch is the only Notch gene in amphioxus.
7 new T-box genes from the primitive chordate amphioxus.
8 own markers for presumptive neuroectoderm in amphioxus.
9 d reveal a form of hindbrain segmentation in amphioxus.
10 tes and the cephalochordates, represented by amphioxus.
11 se 1 (ChE1) and cholinesterase 2 (ChE2) from amphioxus.
12 a novel gene cluster in the cephalochordate amphioxus.
13 ies and habitats of the different species of amphioxus.
14 pathways is much higher in zebrafish than in amphioxus.
15 been developed to study different aspects of amphioxus.
16 ertebrates as well as of the cephalochordate amphioxus.
17 ons revealed in developmental studies of the amphioxus.
18 forms of life, including the Cephalochordate amphioxus.
19 rvation of mechanism between vertebrates and amphioxus.
20 in early mesoderm formation in ascidians and amphioxus.
21 compared to one each in the cephalochordate amphioxus.
22 , AOS in coral, and epoxyalcohol synthase in amphioxus.
26 lar photoreceptors of the primitive chordate amphioxus also express melanopsin and transduce light vi
27 he sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from Amphioxus although the sequence identity is very low at
32 alochordates (compared to vertebrates) makes amphioxus an attractive model for studying chordate biol
33 ily, we characterized the HIFalpha gene from amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate, and identified seve
34 A cascade, the Elovl2/Elovl5 elongases, from amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate, the sea lamprey, a
37 Here we show, from experimental decay of amphioxus and ammocoetes, that loss of chordate characte
39 es and their closest invertebrate relatives (amphioxus and ascidia) highlights two derived features o
40 erostome body patterning that degenerated in amphioxus and ascidians, but was retained to pattern div
42 he gain of the light-transduction process in amphioxus and examine key features that help outline the
43 r studies of gene regulation and function in amphioxus and for comparative studies with vertebrates t
44 and embryonic expression of Dmbx genes from amphioxus and from Ciona, representing the two most clos
45 It exists in species as distantly related as amphioxus and humans, but its function is largely unknow
46 A putative proto-MHC exists in the chordate amphioxus and in the fruit fly, indicating that a core M
47 r body plan formation in the cephalochordate amphioxus and in zebrafish and compared the effects of s
51 mes exhibit extensive conserved synteny with amphioxus and other bilaterians, and deeply conserved no
52 t reconstruction of cell trajectories of the amphioxus and other species, we inferred expression dyna
53 posing Nodal and BMP signaling is present in amphioxus and probably also in the common ancestor of am
54 omology between the anterior neurectoderm of amphioxus and the presumptive placodal ectoderm of verte
55 ates, to trunk muscles in the cephlochordate Amphioxus and to muscles derived from cardiopharyngeal m
56 and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights in
57 ancestral invertebrate chordates (similar to amphioxus and tunicates) to vertebrates is well accepted
58 -scale duplicated genes can be found in both amphioxus and vertebrate genomes, while only the vertebr
60 ppear to have arisen since the divergence of amphioxus and vertebrate lineages, suggesting that diffe
61 d parallel gene duplication profiles between amphioxus and vertebrates and conserved functional const
62 a myomere configuration intermediate between amphioxus and vertebrates and establish morphological li
63 and probably also in the common ancestor of amphioxus and vertebrates or even earlier in deuterostom
64 e mesoderm and endoderm is conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, expression in the lateral neu
65 todermal patterning appear conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, later activation of neural cr
66 on-neural ectoderm is a conserved feature in amphioxus and vertebrates, suggesting an ancient role fo
67 own functional domains are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, suggestive of a common chorda
68 nscriptional enhancers are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates--a very wide phylogenetic dist
71 iverse deuterostomes (frog, fish, mouse, and amphioxus) and from planarians (protostomes) suggest tha
72 because AP2 and SoxE are not co-expressed in amphioxus, and because neural crest enhancers are not de
81 ith single small chromosomes of the chordate amphioxus, attesting to their origin as elements of an a
84 , the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis (Ci) and amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae (Bf), from which we als
85 , the cytoarchitecture of the brain of adult amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum was reinvestigated b
86 m of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum, two invertebrate ch
88 e diversified immune-type molecules found in amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), an invertebrate that
91 Entosphenus tridentatus), a cephalochordate (amphioxus; Branchiostoma floridae) and a hemichordate (a
92 induce metamorphosis in the cephalochordate amphioxus by binding to a receptor homologous to vertebr
96 ter and shows a structural similarity to the amphioxus cluster, whereas the other shark cluster (HoxN
97 show that the genome of the basal chordate, amphioxus, contains homologs of most vertebrate genes im
98 ever, many aspects of gene regulation during amphioxus development have not been fully characterized.
99 ecially those regulatory factors involved in amphioxus development, and advance understanding of the
101 he dynamic expression patterns of the single amphioxus Distal-less homolog (AmphiDll) during developm
102 tenin and RA signaling in the basal chordate amphioxus during the gastrula stage, which is the RA-sen
105 ingle-cell RNA-sequencing dataset from seven amphioxus embryo stages to understand chordate cell type
109 ver, the absence of gill slits in RA-treated amphioxus embryos correlates with an RA-induced failure
110 ities within their tail buds, vertebrate and amphioxus embryos differ markedly in the relation betwee
112 ose of their vertebrate orthlogues, and that amphioxus embryos, like those of vertebrates, are ventra
113 oduction of large molecules such as DNA into amphioxus embryos, opens the way for studies of gene reg
114 how that the gastrula of the cephalochordate amphioxus expresses dorsal/ventral (D/V) patterning gene
117 et out to characterize the cell types of the amphioxus frontal eye molecularly, to test their possibl
118 From these results we conclude that in the amphioxus gastrula RA signaling primarily acts via regul
122 ybridization showed that, as in vertebrates, amphioxus Gbx and the Hox cluster are on the same chromo
125 molog is cryptically segmented, we cloned an amphioxus gene closely related to islet1, which we named
129 an be correlated with some of the insect and Amphioxus genes, and have remained distinctive for hundr
133 limited number of VCBP genes present in the amphioxus genome exhibit exceptionally high haplotype va
136 n of these expression patterns suggests that amphioxus has a homolog of the vertebrate hindbrain, bot
137 The sole MEF2 gene of the cephalochordate amphioxus has a similar regulatory region structure, sug
139 urred close to the origin of vertebrates, as amphioxus has a typically invertebrate methylation patte
144 usters of vertebrates and the basal chordate amphioxus have similar organization to the hemichordate
146 with GFP and tested in mammalian cells, the amphioxus HIFalpha Ia protein level increased in respons
149 icle expression marks the rostral end of the amphioxus hindbrain; if it does, then amphioxus may have
150 slet expression domains provide evidence for amphioxus homologs of the pineal gland, adenohypophysis,
151 ced knowledge of the genomic organization of amphioxus; however, many aspects of gene regulation duri
152 nomic DNA fragments from the cephalochordate amphioxus Hox cluster in transgenic mouse and chick embr
153 rast to the architecture in vertebrates, the amphioxus Hox cluster is organized into a single chromat
156 iously undescribed role for Wnt signaling in amphioxus in determining the position of the forebrain.
157 e gastrula stage, we used the basal chordate amphioxus, in which gastrulation involves very minimal t
158 ng genoarchitectonic model revealed that the amphioxus incipient neural tube is unexpectedly complex,
160 iphering the mechanisms of axis formation in amphioxus is a key step to understanding the evolution o
166 most striking morphogenetic effect of RA on amphioxus larvae is the failure of mouth and gill slits
167 ling regulating this co-expression module in amphioxus, like the aGRN in echinoderms, and that its ov
168 lampreys, which develop from a superficially amphioxus-like ammocoete to a specialized predatory adul
169 sults suggest that craniates evolved from an amphioxus-like creature that had the beginnings of a for
171 tory of small-scale gene duplications in the amphioxus lineage and compare it to small- and large-sca
172 te its overall slow molecular evolution, the amphioxus lineage has had a history of small-scale dupli
173 oding the insulin-like peptide suggests that amphioxus may have homologs of vertebrate pancreatic isl
174 of the amphioxus hindbrain; if it does, then amphioxus may have little or no homolog of the vertebrat
176 ss homeodomains of the nematode, Drosophila, amphioxus, mouse, and human indicates that the 13 cognat
179 e expression of AmphiHox-1 expression in the amphioxus nerve cord, it does not alter the expression o
181 nal (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genet
183 hermore, exogenous BMP affects expression of amphioxus neural plate border genes as in vertebrates, s
184 est specifier genes are not expressed at the amphioxus neural plate/tube border, raising the intrigui
185 of the cerebral vesicle; this region of the amphioxus neural tube, as judged by neural expression do
189 loned the entire 7575-bp coding region of an amphioxus Notch gene (AmphiNotch), encoding 2524 amino a
190 , we quantify the geometries of thousands of amphioxus notochord cells, and project them into a commo
191 extant cephalochordates - commonly known as amphioxus or lancelets - are considered the best proxy f
194 ite 7 to the anterior end of the nerve cord (amphioxus) or (2) discontinuous expression with a gap in
196 d that similar regulation can be achieved by Amphioxus orthologs, suggesting these three mechanisms a
197 Drawing on data from vertebrates, tunicates, amphioxus, other bilaterians and cnidarians, we build th
203 ion; there are comparable levels in the four amphioxus Pax genes as in each gene of the equivalent ve
206 h cryo-electron microscopy structures of the amphioxus ProtoRAG transposase (an evolutionary relative
207 ver, this region is not overtly segmented in amphioxus, raising the question of how hindbrain segment
208 brain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxus region, which we termed Di-Mesencephalic primo
210 luding chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM program.
211 s, including early-branching animals such as amphioxus, sea anemone, amoebas and Trichoplax, and in p
213 lower molecular and morphological evolution, amphioxus' small-scale gene duplication history resemble
215 ervation of gene synteny between two distant amphioxus species, B. lanceolatum and B. floridae, with
218 ail bud and the forming somites, whereas the amphioxus tail bud gives rise to new somites directly.
221 n the vertebrates (but not the protochordate Amphioxus), the single invertebrate dystrophin-like gene
222 We administered excess RA to developing amphioxus, the closest invertebrate relative of the vert
224 expression of AmphiEn, the engrailed gene of amphioxus, the closest living invertebrate relative of t
225 discovery of ProtoRAG in the lower chordate Amphioxus, the long-anticipated TE related to the RAG tr
228 ptomes of 13 developmental stages of Chinese amphioxus to gain a comprehensive understanding of trans
229 ates, posterior cell division is required in amphioxus to generate full notochord length, thereby sug
230 d determined the embryonic expression of two amphioxus transcription factors, AmphiSox1/2/3 and Amphi
233 omoting the dorsal axis specification in the amphioxus, whereas Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays no r
235 een determined for the invertebrate chordate Amphioxus, which, like sea urchins, has an early embryo