ライフサイエンスコーパス: axonemal

1 ells, despite its sequence classification as axonemal.

2 ke polypeptides that have been thought to be axonemal.

3 eract and are hypothesized to function as an axonemal accessory complex, but only ODA5p was previousl

4 between the axonemal cytoskeleton, the peri-axonemal accessory structures, and multiple regulatory n

5 ARAM1 resulted in short cilia with decreased axonemal acetylation and polyglutamylation, but relative

6 s present in cytoplasm and flagella, remains axonemal after detergent treatment, and is extracted wit

7 rate that we have identified the first human axonemal AKAP, a protein that likely plays a role in the

8 ective for specific axonemal structures, two axonemal AKAPs have been identified: a 240-kD AKAP assoc

9 athway, its absence prevents the assembly of axonemal and disc components.

10 ese included tubulins, dyneins, and 80 other axonemal and membrane plus matrix polypeptides.

11 that microtubule diversity is important for axonemal assembly and motility.

12 The dynein axonemal assembly factor (Dnaaf) protein family is invol

13 ose that DYX1C1 is a newly identified dynein axonemal assembly factor (DNAAF4).

14 Dynein axonemal assembly factor 6 (DNAAF6), a causative gene of

15 mbles in the cytosol with the help of dynein axonemal assembly factors (DNAAFs).

16 Nineteen specific cytosolic factors (Dynein Axonemal Assembly Factors; DNAAFs) are necessary for axo

17 nto respiratory cilia and cause a failure in axonemal assembly of the ODA component DNAH5 and the ODA

18 Unloaded DRC4 diffuses before docking at its axonemal assembly site.

19 e basal bodies, and, consequently, distorted axonemal assembly.

20 o ODA16 accumulation in cilia and defects in axonemal assembly.

21 s of sup-pf-2-1 axonemes indicates that both axonemal ATPase activity and outer arm polypeptides are

22 eus in opposite directions forming a central axonemal band in microgametocytes.

23 the A-tubule, resulting in the deficiency of axonemal beating and hence gamete formation and egress.

24 thought to be critical for the generation of axonemal bending.

25 ding, and may regulate the size and shape of axonemal bends through interactions with the radial spok

26 tion for axoneme architecture resides in the axonemal beta-tubulin.

27 motif was identified in carboxyl termini of axonemal beta-tubulins in diverse taxa.

28 Moreover, we found that axonemal beta-tubulins throughout the phylogeny have inv

29 the BB, and microtubule geometry changes to axonemal by the end of the TZ, followed by the addition

30 is a key regulatory protein for Tetrahymena axonemal Ca(2+) responses, including ciliary reversal or

31 es have shown that calmodulin (CaM) is a key axonemal calcium sensor.

32 ue to failure in targeting and regulation of axonemal cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).

33 some flagellum and three constituents of the axonemal capping structure at the tips of both assemblin

34 ent cells identified that the absence of the axonemal CCDC39/CCDC40 heterodimer resulted in the loss

35 f GCP2 and GCP3, but not GCP4, disrupted the axonemal central pair microtubules, but not the subpelli

36 Deficiency in dynein axonemal chains, as well as cytoplasmic light and interm

37 These results firmly establish that an axonemal CK1 regulates dynein activity and flagellar mot

38 mydomonas motility mutants suggests that the axonemal CKI is located on the outer doublet microtubule

39 We demonstrate that CCDC151 encodes an axonemal coiled coil protein, mutations in which abolish

40 is an extension of the cell that contains an axonemal complex of microtubules and associated proteins

41 calized hMCA within the radial spokes of the axonemal complex of the sperm flagellum, and immunofluor

42 We propose that Oda5p is part of a novel axonemal complex that is required for outer arm assembly

43 ng physical interactions between these three axonemal complexes and a role for the MIA complex in the

44 emonstrate that the CSC connects three major axonemal complexes involved in dynein regulation: RS2, t

45 Furthermore, Cmb binds to the axonemal component Radial spoke protein 3, knockdown of

46 Immunoblotting indicates Oda5p is an axonemal component that assembles onto the axoneme indep

47 demonstrates that the PF6 polypeptide is an axonemal component that cosediments at 12.6S with severa

48 irectly in situ with an approximately 45 kDa axonemal component; this interaction is disrupted by the

49 ously shown to be necessary for transport of axonemal components, is also involved in the motility of

50 asis for the complex spatial arrangements of axonemal components.

51 e precise localization of mRNAs encoding key axonemal constituents, allowing these proteins to incorp

52 stin-2 proteins in both motile and nonmotile axonemal-containing structures.

53 doublet microtubules, acts to stabilize the axonemal core structure, and serves as a central hub for

54 motor function in response to alterations in axonemal curvature.

55 Rhodopsin-laden vesicles in the OS axonemal cytoplasm fuse with nascent discs that are high

56 reduced slightly with respect to that of the axonemal cytoplasmic reservoir, allowing cytoplasmic flo

57 e outcome of a dynamic interplay between the axonemal cytoskeleton, the peri-axonemal accessory struc

58 Axonemal defects caused by alpha 85E are precisely recip

59 These results demonstrate that axonemal defects may be caused by associated nonaxonemal

60 covered two cDhc sequences distinct from the axonemal Dhc sequences identified previously.

61 The 1alpha Dhc is similar to other axonemal Dhcs, but two additional phosphate binding moti

62 in mediating assembly of both ODAs and their axonemal docking machinery onto ciliary microtubules.

63 model of the repeating structure of a native axonemal doublet microtubule, which reveals the identiti

64 omics to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) from both sperm fla

65 present high-resolution structures of native axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) from sea urchin and

66 o provide information about the structure of axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs).

67 wn to selectively associate with a subset of axonemal doublet microtubules.

68 a single array in a precise location on each axonemal doublet.

69 tigoneme complexes physically connect to the axonemal doublets 4 and 8, positioning them perpendicula

70 Studies of the in vitro binding of ODAs to axonemal doublets reveal a role for the ODA5/ODA10 assem

71 play an essential role in the regulation of axonemal dynein activity and thus of ciliary and flagell

72 The addition of kinase inhibitor restored axonemal dynein activity concomitant with the dephosphor

73 In vitro axonemal dynein activity was reduced by the mia1-1 and m

74 I1) and DNAI2, the first appreciated step in axonemal dynein arm assembly.

75 ilB homologs with presence of genes encoding axonemal dynein arm components.

76 mport into cilia and flagella, multi-subunit axonemal dynein arms are thought to be stabilized and pr

77 unchanged or become elevated, the density of axonemal dynein arms is reduced in reptin(hi2394) mutant

78 cluding the intraflagellar transport system, axonemal dynein arms, radial spokes, the 96-nm ruler, an

79 toplasmic assembly and/or trafficking of the axonemal dynein arms.

80 n and the other essential for assembling the axonemal dynein arms.

81 Assembly Factors; DNAAFs) are necessary for axonemal dynein assembly, although the detailed mechanis

82 nked form of PCD causing disruption of early axonemal dynein assembly.

83 Axonemal dynein ATPases direct ciliary and flagellar bea

84 provide direct evidence that mutations in an axonemal dynein can cause hydrocephalus.

85 These results show that axonemal dynein directly deciphers the tubulin code, whi

86 bules with MTBDs of cytoplasmic dynein-1 and axonemal dynein DNAH7 and determined their cryo-EM struc

87 , and DIS3 as well as DNAH5, a member of the axonemal dynein family.

88 most of its length, motor proteins from the axonemal dynein family.

89 Dense populations of microtubules driven by axonemal dynein form large vortices, providing insights

90 ability of inner dynein arm I1 and wild-type axonemal dynein function.

91 Because axonemal dynein gliding assays are usually done using he

92 allele of the testis-specifically expressed axonemal dynein heavy chain (axDHC) gene, Dnahc8, has be

93 acterized an insertional mutation in a mouse axonemal dynein heavy chain gene (Mdnah5) that reproduce

94 The axonemal dynein heavy chain gene Mdnah5 is specifically

95 culture demonstrated that the expression of axonemal dynein heavy chains correlated with the develop

96 fication and partial cloning of seven unique axonemal dynein heavy chains from rat tracheal epithelia

97 cells in culture regulated the expression of axonemal dynein heavy chains in a parallel fashion.

98 r specifically required for the stability of axonemal dynein heavy chains in cytoplasm and suggest th

99 gulate the cell-specific expression of these axonemal dynein heavy chains will further our understand

100 level of conservation does not extend to the axonemal dynein heavy chains, suggesting functional diff

101 Here we report the positional cloning of an axonemal dynein heavy-chain gene, left/right-dynein (lrd

102 ity, can influence the activity of outer arm axonemal dynein in motility assays using purified protei

103 Pontin is essential for the stabilization of axonemal dynein intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1) and DNAI2,

104 Axonemal dynein is the molecular motor responsible for t

105 An individual axonemal dynein molecule is capable of both unidirection

106 K40 acetylation increases and CTTs decrease axonemal dynein motility.

107 a novel RNP granule containing the mRNAs for axonemal dynein motor proteins becomes highly polarized

108 Axonemal dynein motors drive ciliary motility and can co

109 noregulatory complexes with their associated axonemal dynein motors provide a mechanism for the long-

110 We address how cytoplasmic and axonemal dynein MTBDs bind microtubules at near atomic r

111 cle cryo-EM reconstruction of a three-headed axonemal dynein natively bound to doublet microtubules i

112 Here, we unveil an axonemal dynein production and assembly hub enriched wit

113 To gain a further understanding of axonemal dynein regulation, mutant strains of Chlamydomo

114 these, we identify C16orf71/Daap1 as a novel axonemal dynein regulator.

115 melanogaster that codes for a sperm-specific axonemal dynein subunit.

116 to a higher rate of binding of Chlamydomonas axonemal dynein to Chlamydomonas microtubules than to po

117 motile node cell monocilia and requires the axonemal dynein, left-right dynein (lrd).

118 Axonemal dynein, the macromolecular machine that powers

119 epends on efficient sperm movement driven by axonemal dynein-mediated microtubule sliding.

120 mmaplysilla purea, which is known to inhibit axonemal dynein.

121 a specific centrin function associated with axonemal dynein.

122 amily proteins were originally identified in axonemal dyneins and subsequently found to function in m

123 fd3F regulates genes for Ch-specific axonemal dyneins and TRPV ion channels, which are requir

124 Axonemal dyneins are evolutionarily and biochemically di

125 Axonemal dyneins are molecular motors that drive the bea

126 Axonemal dyneins are multisubunit enzymes that must be p

127 Axonemal dyneins are tethered to doublet microtubules in

128 ized oda mutants, but only a partial loss of axonemal dyneins as shown by both electron microscopy an

129 oward visualizing the ATPase activity of the axonemal dyneins during bending, we have investigated th

130 arious cellular transport systems, including axonemal dyneins generating the force for ciliary and fl

131 Gliding assays with axonemal dyneins have the unusual feature that the micro

132 This allows for the incorporation of these axonemal dyneins into the axoneme directly from the cyto

133 tory beating patterns, the activities of the axonemal dyneins must be coordinated both spatially and

134 Axonemal dyneins must be precisely regulated and coordin

135 Axonemal dyneins produce the motive force for ciliary an

136 Ciliary motility is driven by axonemal dyneins that are assembled in the cytoplasm bef

137 x specifically localizes the linear array of axonemal dyneins to the doublet microtubule by directly

138 formation and prevents incorporation of the axonemal dyneins, leading to sterility.

139 tains an 18-residue insertion, found in many axonemal dyneins, that contacts the adjacent protofilame

140 sity directly influences the activity of the axonemal dyneins, the motors that drive the beating of t

141 Recent work demonstrates that axonemal dyneins, their specific assembly factors, and b

142 ersity can directly regulate the activity of axonemal dyneins, we asked whether in vitro acetylation

143 identified as subunits of cytoplasmic and/or axonemal dyneins.

144 d to be light chains of both cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins.

145 LCs) have been found in both cytoplasmic and axonemal dyneins.

146 e analogous to the B-link described for some axonemal dyneins.

147 do different things, as is the case for the axonemal dyneins.

148 but not the other components, corresponds to axonemal dyneins.

149 disruption of the periodicity of nontubulin axonemal elements.

150 hich is involved in IFT protein recruitment, axonemal engagement of IFT protein complexes, and so on.

151 We further show that axonemal enolase is a subunit of the CPC1 central pair c

152 ssary and sufficient for basal body docking, axonemal extension, and motility during the differentiat

153 ing that these proteins act at this level of axonemal extension.

154 Intriguingly, in axonemal extracts from the LC7a null mutant, oda15, whic

155 In oda9 axonemal extracts that completely lack outer arms, LC7b

156 CaM antibodies and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axonemal extracts, we precipitated a complex that includ

157 identified a novel and distinct set of extra-axonemal flagellar filaments important for adhesion and

158 eta-tubulin translation occurs later, during axonemal formation.

159 proteins are found almost exclusively in the axonemal fraction, and the methylated forms of these pro

160 homozygosity for the t allele of Dnahc8, an axonemal gamma-type dynein heavy chain (gammaDHC) gene,

161 eukaryotic flagellum/cilium is important for axonemal growth and signaling and has distinct biomechan

162 g kinesin Klp59D, required for regulation of axonemal growth.

163 (rs2134256 and rs1354187) within the dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) gene (Pmeta-int = 3.6 x 1

164 and motility, and review the terminology of axonemal heavy chain dynein genes.

165 Axonemal I1 dynein (dynein f) is the largest inner dynei

166 e ciliary dilation (CD), a highly structured axonemal inclusion of hitherto unknown composition and f

167 findings identified the essential role of an axonemal inner-arm dynein complex in cell division, and

168 rried out functional analyses of a flagellar axonemal inner-arm dynein complex in the bloodstream for

169 We showed that the axonemal inner-arm dynein heavy chain TbIAD5-1 and TbCen

170 It also associates with axonemal inner-arm dyneins and regulates cell motility,

171 dition to the shared transduction mechanism, axonemal integrity and possibly ciliary motility are req

172 dynein family, consisting of cytoplasmic and axonemal isoforms, are motors that move towards the minu

173 ins (DHCs) clearly group into cytoplasmic or axonemal isoforms.

174 a defect phenocopied by the silencing of the axonemal kinesin subunit KIF3A but not by chemical disru

175 res were quantified when possible, including axonemal length and diameter, microtubule conformations,

176 Including the gene for the axonemal light chain, hp28, we have mapped three differe

177 he studied orthologs, are critical for TTC29 axonemal localization and flagellar beating.

178 d/or short primary cilia, as well as reduced axonemal localization of ciliary proteins ARL13B and ade

179 Lechtreck and Witman determined the precise axonemal location of hydin, a protein that, when mutated

180 xoneme, and a passive-diffusion route in the axonemal lumen that escaped previous studies.

181 ver, details of this coordination, including axonemal mechanics, remain unclear.

182 flagellar compartment and anchored into the axonemal microtubular scaffold via the ODA docking compl

183 ed multimolecular structures attached to the axonemal microtubule doublets and are essential for the

184 We characterize novel axonemal microtubule organization patterns, clarify stru

185 a length and shape in part via modulation of axonemal microtubule stability, suggesting that similar

186 ng provided 6.0- angstrom reconstructions of axonemal microtubule structures.

187 ining 66 (CCDC66) and TOG array regulator of axonemal microtubules 1 (TOGARAM1) as ARMC9 interaction

188 ation regulates the assembly and dynamics of axonemal microtubules and acts either directly or indire

189 therefore function to couple acetylation of axonemal microtubules and ciliary membrane growth.

190 ermatozoa exhibited defective arrangement of axonemal microtubules and flagella outer dense fibers.

191 isms, and is required for the acetylation of axonemal microtubules and for the normal kinetics of pri

192 ment of multisubunit protein particles along axonemal microtubules and is required for assembly and m

193 We instead find that axonemal microtubules are decorated by the EBP-2 end-bin

194 ar machine-the axoneme-but it is unclear how axonemal microtubules are ornamented to support motility

195 However, the extent to which axonemal microtubules are specialized for sensory cilium

196 r proteins and a novel protein organelle use axonemal microtubules as tracks to shuttle essential com

197 activated breakage of the nine outer-doublet axonemal microtubules at a specific site in the flagella

198 Fully assembled radial spokes, detached from axonemal microtubules during flagellar breakdown or turn

199 er centriole into the basal body, from which axonemal microtubules extend to form the ciliary compart

200 itiation and dock onto ciliary vesicles, but axonemal microtubules fail to elongate normally.

201 the centriole-derived basal body, from which axonemal microtubules grow and which assembles a gate to

202 n animals and functions in the nucleation of axonemal microtubules in the flagellum.

203 egulates the onset of anaphase, destabilizes axonemal microtubules in the primary cilium.

204 The centroplast that nucleates their axonemal microtubules is therefore almost certainly homo

205 ssary for binding of outer arm dynein to the axonemal microtubules of Chlamydomonas.

206 lotype encoded) and wild-type dyneins to the axonemal microtubules of t-bearing or wild-type sperm, w

207 In addition, APC regulates the stability of axonemal microtubules through targeting Nek1, the ciliar

208 howed that, whereas the 9 + 2 arrangement of axonemal microtubules was intact, elongated cilia and ci

209 preferential depolymerization of a subset of axonemal microtubules, at either the distal or proximal

210 isotropic fluorescence signals when bound to axonemal microtubules, but the bifunctional probe is les

211 ated between the membrane and the underlying axonemal microtubules.

212 role of post-translational modifications of axonemal microtubules.

213 of rafts under the flagellar membrane along axonemal microtubules.

214 artment" by localizing to the distal ends of axonemal microtubules.

215 ay be associated with premature extension of axonemal microtubules.

216 cilia and thereby promotes elongation of the axonemal microtubules.

217 Proteomic profiling links CFAP45 to an axonemal module including dynein ATPases and adenylate k

218 ependent protein kinase (PKA) that regulates axonemal motility and dynein activity.

219 P (mantATP), which has been shown to support axonemal motility, binds all along isolated, immobilized

220 nsistent with this finding, FOXJ1-regulating axonemal motor protein expression is absent in respirato

221 few residual cilia that correctly expressed axonemal motor proteins were motile and did not exhibit

222 The axonemal MtCs are cross-linked by previously unrecognize

223 The nine axonemal MtCs in a cilium are found to differ significan

224 liary motors and supporting the structure of axonemal MTDs.

225 ated in xbx-4 mutants and exhibit stabilized axonemal MTs.

226 tion changes along the length of the ciliary axonemal MTs.

227 , smetana and touch-insensitive larva B, two axonemal mutants, and 5D10, a weak cho mutant.

228 hich accounts for approximately 45% of total axonemal NDKase, is missing from pf14 axonemes.

229 que cytoskeletal structure surrounds the 9+2 axonemal network in the principal piece of the flagellum

230 e lrd gene confirms its classification as an axonemal, or ciliary, dynein.

231 o the gamma heavy chain of the Chlamydomonas axonemal outer arm dynein, while a more poorly expressed

232 most highly conserved components of ciliary axonemal outer arm dyneins, and it associates with both

233 microscopic studies demonstrate the loss of axonemal outer arms.

234 d tubulin located within the A-tubule of the axonemal outer doublet microtubules.

235 gene on the Y long arm result in loss of the axonemal outer dynein arms in the spermatid tail, while

236 region h1-h9 result in loss of the spermatid axonemal outer dynein arms.

237 at the ODA7 locus in Chlamydomonas prevents axonemal outer row dynein assembly by blocking associati

238 ive-cell imaging and morpholino depletion of axonemal Paralyzed Flagella 16 indicated that flagella-b

239 ed in biomolecular condensates termed dynein axonemal particles and synergized to control ciliogenesi

240 elles in the cytoplasm called DynAPs (Dynein Axonemal Particles).

241 regulators, and the mechanisms that maintain axonemal periodicity.

242 of microtubule sliding, indicating that the axonemal phosphatases, required for rescue, were retaine

243 he PKA binding domain results in unregulated axonemal PKA activity and inhibition of normal motility.

244 , the regulatory mechanism underlying proper axonemal polyglutamylation remains unclear.

245 mediate the association between this 45 kDa axonemal polypeptide and the motor unit of the gamma HC.

246 t p72 interacts with two or three additional axonemal polypeptides.

247 As a consequence, wild-type axonemal precursors are transported to and assembled in

248 o two complexes, A and B, and associate with axonemal precursors/turn over products.

249 ions in ZMYND10 result in the absence of the axonemal protein components DNAH5 and DNALI1 from respir

250 murine orthologue of Chlamydomonas PF16, an axonemal protein containing eight armadillo repeats pred

251 ole in sperm motility, most probably through axonemal protein phosphorylation or ion channel regulati

252 work demonstrates that TTC29 is a conserved axonemal protein required for flagellar structure and be

253 requires the transport of components such as axonemal proteins and signal transduction machinery to t

254 equires coordination between the assembly of axonemal proteins and the assembly of the flagellar memb

255 lar assembly and maintenance is to transport axonemal proteins in and out of the flagellum.

256 Integrated modeling identified 154 different axonemal proteins inside and outside the DMT and, togeth

257 liary membrane but also for the transport of axonemal proteins to the cilium by means of peripheral a

258 particles, motors, radial spokes, and other axonemal proteins were verified by coimmunoprecipitation

259 c-sheet protofilament to a reconstruction of axonemal protofilaments, we assigned polarity to the pro

260 and RSPH4A encode protein components of the axonemal radial spoke head.

261 ill be customized for each function, such as axonemal rafts or cytoskeletal complexes.

262 n of multiple dynein motors within the 96 nm axonemal repeat and the highly coordinated interactions

263 The 96-nm axonemal repeat includes dynein motors and accessory str

264 ecies, Chlamydomonas has only two spokes per axonemal repeat, RS1 and RS2.

265 of substructures in the internal part of the axonemal shaft requires the activity of kinesin homologu

266 mponents of motile cilia and is required for axonemal sliding and flagellar motility.

267 chanism that converts head movement into the axonemal sliding motion.

268 rations of ADP of 114 microM, at pH 7.6, the axonemal Sp-AK could contribute approximately 31%, and S

269 vement regulator, advancing understanding of axonemal specialization in mammalian spermatozoa and its

270 Combinations of axonemal-specific and degenerate primers to conserved re

271 lagellar tip to be converted into mature 20S axonemal spokes.

272 asal bodies in mammalian cells, also showing axonemal staining.

273 Radial spokes are a conserved axonemal structural complex postulated to regulate the m

274 egulate ciliary access of the IFT machinery, axonemal structural components, and signaling molecules,

275 n structural and phototransduction proteins, axonemal structure and disc membranes fail to form.

276 on extending from the basal body but lacking axonemal structure and remains undifferentiated until de

277 nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), an axonemal structure critical for the regulation of dynein

278 lia, the Bbs1 M390R mutation does not affect axonemal structure, but it may play a role in the regula

279 preparation does not reveal the submembrane axonemal structure, which holds key implications for cil

280 Electron microscopy showed that ciliary axonemal structures were not grossly altered.

281 Abnormal axonemal structures with loss of tubulin doublets occur

282 s on motility mutants defective for specific axonemal structures, two axonemal AKAPs have been identi

283 t enable flagellar transport of preassembled axonemal substructures by IFT.

284 efective motility due to mutation of various axonemal substructures were greatly enhanced compared wi

285 form a discrete complex distinct from other axonemal substructures.

286 The supply and removal of axonemal subunits at the tip are mediated by intraflagel

287 Here, we examine radial spokes, axonemal subunits consisting of 22 polypeptides, as pote

288 tability, and reduced incorporation into the axonemal super complex.

289 s, failure of dyneins to assemble within the axonemal superstructure leads to primary ciliary dyskine

290 ubulin, conserved protein Rib45, >95% of the axonemal tektins, and >95% of the calcium-binding protei

291 the basal body, which normally serves as the axonemal template.

292 genes shown to be expressed specifically in axonemal tissues.

293 toreceptor cilium to form the outer segment, axonemal transport (IFT) in photoreceptors is extraordin

294 microtubules polymerized from Chlamydomonas axonemal tubulin with those from porcine brain tubulin,

295 s of cilia motility and induced a variety of axonemal ultrastructural defects similar to defects prev

296 liary components and a broad range of subtle axonemal ultrastructural defects.

297 Axonemal ultrastructure is restored, except that the out

298 ilia and flagella show normal morphology and axonemal ultrastructure.

299 nsformants were wild type in motility and in axonemal ultrastructure.

300 pf16 cells were wild-type in motility and in axonemal ultrastructure.