ライフサイエンスコーパス: axoneme

1 from the complex cytoskeletal structure (the axoneme).

2 tion zone, which lies between basal body and axoneme.

3 tional protein trafficking along the ciliary axoneme.

4 whereas KIF3A was restricted to the proximal axoneme.

5 to tubulin incorporation into the elongating axoneme.

6 aintaining a stable complex in the flagellar axoneme.

7 n with the proximal portion of the flagellar axoneme.

8 s with the proximal segment of the flagellar axoneme.

9 critical for assembly of the N-DRC into the axoneme.

10 e and maintain the 9 + 2 organization of the axoneme.

11 d for microtubular attachment of ODAs in the axoneme.

12 pull the cell towards the distal tip of the axoneme.

13 ire intraflagellar transport (IFT) along the axoneme.

14 nals to locally regulate the response of the axoneme.

15 fying structural features of the BB, TZ, and axoneme.

16 ults in glutamylation defects in the ciliary axoneme.

17 ent of IFT proteins, which build the ciliary axoneme.

18 ved in cellular transport and stabilizes the axoneme.

19 microtubules and the rhythmic beating of the axoneme.

20 a region between the basal body and ciliary axoneme.

21 of multiple dynein isoforms anchored to the axoneme.

22 e inner segment to the outer segment sensory axoneme.

23 even though outer arms still assemble in the axoneme.

24 itecture that we term here the 9v (variable) axoneme.

25 association between the ciliary membrane and axoneme.

26 transport-dependent extension of the ciliary axoneme.

27 of the outer doublet microtubules within the axoneme.

28 and displayed cytoplasmic swelling along the axoneme.

29 -coil domains in proteins and the eukaryotic axoneme.

30 alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits within the axoneme.

31 he macromolecular architecture of the motile axoneme.

32 erate a bending wave, which travels down the axoneme.

33 ain a microtubule-based structure called the axoneme.

34 proteins to incorporate efficiently into the axoneme.

35 e it is involved in the stabilization of the axoneme.

36 vesicle that allows extension of the ciliary axoneme.

37 by the centrosome, and 3) built into the 9+2 axoneme.

38 nd not committed to form either a 9+2 or 9+0 axoneme.

39 e cilium to date and reveal how BBs template axonemes.

40 cell division, the backbone of neurons, and axonemes.

41 erential shear between microtubules in their axonemes.

42 esalted extracts are mixed with oda10-mutant axonemes.

43 tions are able to bind individually to oda10 axonemes.

44 nalyzed ATP-induced reactivation of isolated axonemes.

45 defective associations between LC8, RSs, and axonemes.

46 tein, RS protein 3 (RSP3), that docks RSs to axonemes.

47 ectional transport of cargoes within ciliary axonemes.

48 ing of RSP3 N-terminal fragments to purified axonemes.

49 into the mature RS at the tip of elongating axonemes.

50 tubulin modification [1] that is enriched in axonemes.

51 or rescue, were retained in the CK1-depleted axonemes.

52 rientated and almost completely lack ciliary axonemes.

53 segments: the cell membranes surrounding the axonemes.

54 ility, binds all along isolated, immobilized axonemes.

55 igated the kinetics of nucleotide binding to axonemes.

56 idualization machinery with the microtubular axonemes.

57 of dynein arm motors into cilia and flagella axonemes.

58 s and to accumulate near the ends of nascent axonemes.

59 nd is required for the deployment of ODAs to axonemes.

60 en glutamylation and glycylation observed in axonemes.

61 nd localizes to both 9 + 2 and 9 + 0 ciliary axonemes.

62 components necessary to build motile ciliary axonemes.

63 uctural integrity of 9 + 2 and 9 + 0 ciliary axonemes.

64 We used isolated and reactivated axonemes [4] to investigate the relation between the two

65 At their core is the ciliary axoneme, a microtubule-based structure that defines cili

66 ind that the cytoskeleton in the cilium, the axoneme, also exhibits abnormal morphology in the mutant

67 agellum, resulting in flagellar membrane and axoneme alterations, followed by breaking of the flagell

68 ensory organelles composed of a microtubular axoneme and a surrounding membrane sheath that houses si

69 d with the outer doublet microtubules of the axoneme and appears not to be a component of the central

70 ns undifferentiated until development of the axoneme and cilia elongation starts at about postnatal d

71 imary cilium by coordinating assembly of the axoneme and ciliary membrane, allowing Gli proteins to b

72 esent along the entire length of the ciliary axoneme and does not require other dynein or docking com

73 Association with both the axoneme and extracellular structures supports a mechanos

74 ion that occurs predominantly in the ciliary axoneme and has been suggested to be important for cilia

75 CPLANE, defective IFT-A particles enter the axoneme and IFT-B trafficking is severely perturbed.

76 uzzy localizes to the basal body and ciliary axoneme and is essential for ciliogenesis by delivering

77 t C2CD3 is localized proximal to the ciliary axoneme and is important for docking the mother centriol

78 emarcated by structural features such as the axoneme and its connections to the ciliary membrane, and

79 the link between structural chirality in the axoneme and larger scale symmetry breaking (e.g., in dev

80 a modified cilium composed of a basal body, axoneme and outer segment.

81 g cilium (CC) destabilized the photoreceptor axoneme and reduced the CC length as early as postnatal

82 ch is localized at the basal body or ciliary axoneme and regulates the ciliary entry or flagellar exi

83 tors between the microtubules of the ciliary axoneme and the ciliary membrane [1].

84 enesis, functional collaboration between the axoneme and the membrane, and the evolving field of ther

85 ims of cone lamellae adjacent to the ciliary axoneme and the rims of the closed ROS disks.

86 DCDC2 localizes to the ciliary axoneme and to mitotic spindle fibers in a cell-cycle-de

87 ormal mice, CAMSAP3 localized to the base of axonemes and at the basal bodies in MCCs.

88 xpressed photoreceptor markers and exhibited axonemes and basal bodies characteristic of outer segmen

89 ed in ciliated tissues, localizes to ciliary axonemes and basal bodies, and is required for ciliogene

90 In Tetrahymena, deletion of TTLL3 shortened axonemes and increased their resistance to paclitaxel-me

91 consequence of shorter cilia with disrupted axonemes and perturbed intravesicular fluid flow in Kupf

92 a "9 + 2" microtubule (MT) configuration in axonemes and the unidirectional array of basal bodies of

93 with the dynein g motor domain in wild-type axonemes and this is the only N-DRC-dynein connection mi

94 Microtubules (MTs) in flagellar axonemes and those assembled from pure tubulin in vitro

95 ium led to modified beating waveforms of the axonemes and to higher energy consumption per beat cycle

96 ic proteins: an IFT-dependent path along the axoneme, and a passive-diffusion route in the axonemal l

97 f the ciliary base, including the centriole, axoneme, and ciliary membrane.

98 zed to the basal body and in cilia along the axoneme, and IFT172 knockout cells lost cilia and motili

99 or strains, which build up within the moving axoneme, and somehow regulate dynein activity.

100 s, maintain coherent periodicities along the axoneme, and stabilize the microtubules against the repe

101 connected to multiple structures within the axoneme, and therefore ideally positioned to integrate s

102 in localized to the cortex, nuclei, internal axonemes, and formed C-shaped filaments along the anteri

103 cell lysates but was not present in isolated axonemes, and immunofluorescence staining showed an abse

104 structural proteins destined for the ciliary axoneme are attached to the outer surfaces of cytoplasmi

105 The transition zone and axoneme are not completely formed at this time, indicati

106 male sterile, producing immotile sperm whose axonemes are deficient in the central pair of microtubul

107 of the neuroepithelium is initiated but the axonemes are severely truncated and do not contain visib

108 Mutant sperm axonemes as well as sensory neuron dendrites of Johnston

109 the molecular assembly and stability of the axoneme, as well as its function in motility and sensory

110 osophila Bld10 is required for centriole and axoneme assembly to confer cilium motility.

111 Surprisingly, axoneme assembly was only mildly perturbed.

112 al functioning of the cilium requires proper axoneme assembly, membrane biogenesis and ciliary protei

113 Axoneme assembly, structure, and motility require a radi

114 the axoneme to compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly.

115 questions about LC8-containing complexes and axoneme assembly.

116 for both membrane and soluble proteins, and axoneme assembly.

117 rmation and by restructuring of existing 9+2 axonemes associated with decreased intraflagellar transp

118 ) proteins NPHP4 and NPHP5 interact with the axoneme-associated kinesin-2 motor KIF17 and thus spatia

119 Ccdc103/Pr46b functions as a tightly bound, axoneme-associated protein.

120 reactivated bending observed with wild-type axonemes, ATP addition to drc-mutant axonemes resulted i

121 ring effects of the basal body on the cilium axoneme behave as a nonlinear rotational spring.

122 straints on movement, obscuring the "native" axoneme behavior.

123 rotubules and prime the mother centriole for axoneme biogenesis.

124 is not a structural component of the motile axoneme but is required for proper acquisition of motile

125 The short flagella rarely have axonemes but assemble ectopic microtubules and outer den

126 I1 dynein assembles in bop5-2 axonemes but lacks at least four subunits: IC138, IC97,

127 I1 dynein assembles into the axoneme, but the IC138 IC/LC subcomplex is missing.

128 omposition of the I1 dynein in Chlamydomonas axonemes by cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram aver

129 We show 9+0 axonemes can be generated by two pathways: by de novo fo

130 her known dynein assembly factors within the axoneme, CCDC103 is not solubilized by 0.6 M NaCl and re

131 perm-associated antigen 16, which encodes an axoneme central apparatus protein, is also a binding par

132 associated antigen 6 gene (SPAG6) encodes an axoneme central apparatus protein.

133 16, which encodes a protein localized in the axoneme central apparatus, and regulates flagella/cilia

134 lamydomonas PF16, a protein localized in the axoneme central apparatus.

135 roles for TZPs in motility, in building the axoneme central pair apparatus and in flagellum biogenes

136 in general, but current understanding of how axoneme components interact stems from 2D data; comprehe

137 cialized cell surface projections containing axonemes composed of microtubules and dynein arms, which

138 in animal development and sensation, contain axonemes comprising microtubules that are especially pro

139 ise, the N-terminal fragments extracted from axonemes contained LC8 and putative spoke-docking protei

140 Nearly all motile cilia have a "9+2" axoneme containing a central apparatus (CA), consisting

141 Microtubule sliding assays, using axonemes containing I1 dynein but devoid of IC97, show r

142 ive cell locomotion and fluid transport, the axoneme contains, along most of its length, motor protei

143 The 9 + 2 structure of motile axonemes contains nine MT doublets interconnected by nex

144 ament alone, composed of a microtubule-based axoneme, contains more than 400 different proteins.

145 where KIF3 and KIF17 cooperate to build the axoneme core and KIF17 builds the distal segments.

146 of one or more microtubule doublets into the axoneme core, giving rise to an architecture that we ter

147 ive for 9+2 axoneme formation can form a 9+0 axoneme de novo.

148 e that the apparent flexural rigidity of the axoneme depends on both the intrinsic flexural rigidity

149 rporation of these axonemal dyneins into the axoneme directly from the cytoplasm, possibly by localiz

150 Kif3a(-/-) and (tam)Ift88(-/-) photoreceptor axonemes disintegrated slowly post-induction, starting d

151 d in the presence of low ATP concentrations, axonemes displayed the static beat component in absence

152 stablishing Giardia's cell shape and guiding axoneme docking.

153 The axoneme drives the expansion and compression of the PFR

154 vesicle to the mother centriole but prior to axoneme elongation and fusion of the ciliary vesicle and

155 ransport 88's role seems to be restricted to axoneme elongation.

156 ule capping protein CP110 and the subsequent axoneme elongation.

157 table ultrastructural defects of the ciliary axoneme, emphasizing the role of the nexin-dynein regula

158 The axoneme exit defect is specific to the caudal axonemes,

159 k organization, loss of the funis, defective axoneme exit, and altered cell shape.

160 zoa, use IFT-independent mechanisms to build axonemes exposed to the cytosol.

161 ding with intraflagellar transport-dependent axoneme extension and subsequently restrict accumulation

162 nase activity was required for initiation of axoneme extension.

163 ggesting that stumpy plays a role in ciliary axoneme extension.

164 hought to play a key role in assembly of the axonemes/flagella and the reproductive phenotype of Pacr

165 uctures reflecting two main functions; a 9+2 axoneme for motility and a 9+0 axoneme for sensation and

166 ctions; a 9+2 axoneme for motility and a 9+0 axoneme for sensation and signalling.

167 Axonemes form the core of eukaryotic flagella and cilia,

168 es formed under conditions conducive for 9+2 axoneme formation can form a 9+0 axoneme de novo.

169 ule elongation by kinesin-13 is required for axoneme formation in male germ cells.

170 asal body (centriolar) protein essential for axoneme formation in the flagellate protist Trypanosoma

171 nsible for photoreceptor transition zone and axoneme formation.

172 DNA replication, chromatin organization and axoneme formation.

173 for proper basal body function and spermatid axoneme formation.

174 The axoneme forms the essential and conserved core of cilia

175 mass spectrometry of WT and mutant flagellar axonemes from Chlamydomonas identified 12 N-DRC-associat

176 oelectron tomography of wild-type and mutant axonemes from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we visualized t

177 In axonemes from mutants that lack both the outer dynein ar

178 reinhardtii CK1, together with CK1-depleted axonemes from the paralyzed flagellar mutant pf17, which

179 In humans, impaired axoneme function causes a range of ciliopathies.

180 laims that chirality in the structure of the axoneme governs the beat pattern, because microgametes d

181 nduced Cre/loxP recombination indicated that axonemes gradually shorten and outer segments progressiv

182 The ciliary axoneme has a 9 + 2 microtubule structure consisting of

183 Each axoneme has a long cytoplasmic region extending from the

184 ental analysis of isolated ciliary/flagellar axonemes has implicated the protein kinase casein kinase

185 the importance of the proximal region of the axoneme in generating flagellar bending.

186 4 associated with the basal body and ciliary axoneme in human and murine cell lines.

187 terdoublet shear stiffness, of the flagellar axoneme in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardti

188 ransport in the cytoplasm and the beating of axonemes in cilia and flagella.

189 The axonemes in other structures appear unaffected.

190 t cilia showed defects of the distal ciliary axoneme, including disrupted IFT88 localization and Hh-d

191 Imaging studies of axonemes indicate that several proteins may interact wit

192 9X localizes along the length of the ciliary axoneme, indicating that its loss of function could inde

193 compartmentalization of the axoneme tip, and axoneme integrity and find that MKS proteins also delimi

194 dred proteins combine to build a microtubule axoneme is a fundamental challenge in eukaryotic cell bi

195 composed of triplet microtubules (TMTs), the axoneme is composed of doublet microtubules (DMTs), mean

196 ent transport of protein cargo along ciliary axoneme is necessary to sustain these processes.

197 Each axoneme is unique in possessing a long, cytoplasmic port

198 the possibility that dynein coordination in axonemes is mediated via conformational changes in the m

199 ependent movement of IFT particles along the axoneme, is critical for the assembly, maintenance, and

200 The cytoskeleton of cilia, the axoneme, is highly conserved.

201 and resulted in the appearance of cytosolic axonemes lacking a ciliary membrane.

202 was found to load onto the intracytoplasmic axonemes late in mitosis and to accumulate near the ends

203 re, our examination of the structure of this axoneme leads to a testable hypothesis of its role in th

204 Steady-state axoneme length is maintained by IFT and by intrinsic and

205 statin receptor 3, and significantly reduces axoneme length.

206 repeats every 56 nm along the length of the axoneme, matching the spacing of the connecting proteins

207 racterized by Y-shaped assemblages that link axoneme microtubules to surrounding membrane.

208 e propose that the PFR modifies the in-plane axoneme motion to produce the characteristic trypanosome

209 howed that DRC4, a structural protein of the axoneme, moves in association with IFT particles inside

210 Long-lived microtubules found in ciliary axonemes, neuronal processes, and migrating cells are ma

211 th the mother centriole in CTLs, and neither axoneme nor transition zone ciliary structures form.

212 ns, the motors that drive the beating of the axoneme, nor whether the effects on motility are indirec

213 They do, however, possess a short axoneme of cryptic function.

214 to the inner segment, connecting cilium and axoneme of mammalian photoreceptors.

215 The axoneme of motile cilia is the largest macromolecular ma

216 ein (Rp1L1) in mice is also localized to the axoneme of outer segments (OSs) and connecting cilia in

217 s revealed that in this double knockout, the axoneme of the CC expanded radially at the distal end, w

218 rapid deciliation, in which the membrane and axoneme of the cilium was shed from the cell.

219 more, we show, using ODAs extracted from the axonemes of C. reinhardtii, that the C-terminal beta-pro

220 In embryos with reduced hspb7, the axonemes of KV cilia have a 9+0 structure, while control

221 and glycylation, are highly enriched in the axonemes of most eukaryotes, and might therefore play pa

222 The axonemes of motile cilia and immotile kinocilia contain

223 Axonemes of motile eukaryotic cilia and flagella have a

224 r (LRO) cells express foxj1a and the ciliary axonemes of these cells have dynein arms, some cilia rem

225 Proximal and distal axonemes of these neurons show no bias towards IFT kines

226 more, LC10 is specifically missing only from axonemes of those strains that fail to assemble outer dy

227 oteins, we used mass spectrometry to compare axonemes of wild-type Chlamydomonas and a CA-less mutant

228 measure ATP consumption of actively beating axonemes on a single-cell level.

229 s processing tubulin, the major component of axonemes, or general vesicular trafficking in a flagellu

230 nent of the central apparatus of the "9 + 2" axoneme, plays a central role in ciliary and flagellar m

231 lture medium and contained both membrane and axoneme proteins.

232 not only to the basal body, but also to the axoneme, proving the functional interconnectivity betwee

233 xtract tubulins from different components of axonemes purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and ch

234 and may play functionally distinct roles in axoneme regulation.

235 chanisms that regulate the beating action of axonemes remain unknown.

236 ia, a specialized type of cilia in which the axoneme resides within the cytoplasm rather than within

237 ACRG and/or FAP20 protein to isolated mutant axonemes restores microtubule sliding velocities, but no

238 ld-type axonemes, ATP addition to drc-mutant axonemes resulted in splaying of doublets in the distal

239 elop outer segment (OS) membranous discs and axonemes, resulting in loss of function and rapid degene

240 Structural studies of mutant axonemes revealed that assembly of radial spoke 2 is def

241 Cryo-electron tomography of mia mutant axonemes revealed that the MIA complex was located immed

242 er-in-oil emulsion droplets and measured the axoneme's ATP consumption by monitoring fluorescence int

243 nding moments to reflect an asymmetry in the axoneme's response to Ca(2+), we capture the transition

244 toward the ciliary base; second, the ciliary axoneme shortens and motors slow down; and third, motors

245 e end of the TZ, followed by the addition of axoneme-specific components essential for cilium motilit

246 ng a quasistatic force model, we deduce that axoneme stiffness is dominated by the rigidity of the mi

247 arrays of microtubules are arranged into the axoneme structure by the later addition of preformed pro

248 propose that lineage-specific elaboration of axoneme structure in T. brucei reflects adaptations to s

249 The axoneme structure is relatively stable but gradually evo

250 striking similarity between the microtubule axoneme structure of the Leishmania mexicana parasite in

251 clinical features of PCD but normal ciliary axoneme structure.

252 N2 and CETN3 cooperate in stabilizing the CC/axoneme structure.

253 However, high-resolution 3D axoneme structures are unavailable for organisms among t

254 During experimentation with axonemes subjected to mild proteolysis, we observed pair

255 gamma-tubulin, and was present along ciliary axonemes, suggesting that stumpy plays a role in ciliary

256 extraction of Lis1 from wild-type and mutant axonemes suggests that the affinity of outer arm dynein

257 g phosphorylation, stalk base formation, and axoneme targeting.

258 trastructural defects of the cilia and sperm axoneme that affect movement, leading to clinical conseq

259 signaling pathways along its basal body and axoneme that are critical for embryonic development and

260 Most motile flagella have an axoneme that contains nine outer microtubule doublets an

261 emplates cilium formation, the extracellular axoneme that generates force, and the transition zone (T

262 complex within the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii axoneme that physically links to a known regulatory stru

263 intermediate between the basal body and the axoneme that regulates ciliary traffic.

264 eased the velocity of microtubule sliding in axonemes that also lack outer dynein arms, in which forc

265 ) eukaryotic cilia possess microtubule-based axonemes that are assembled at the cell surface to form

266 axoneme (the promastigote) to one with a 9+0 axoneme (the amastigote).

267 microtubule doublets that span the length of axoneme (the flagellar cytoskeleton).

268 nsformation of a life cycle stage with a 9+2 axoneme (the promastigote) to one with a 9+0 axoneme (th

269 In addition to a microtubular axoneme, the flagellum contains a crystalline paraflagel

270 tments, including the lumen and walls of the axoneme, the membrane glycocalyx, and the intervening cy

271 ide adjacent microtubule doublets within the axoneme, the motile cytoskeletal structure.

272 The assembly of the axoneme, the structural scaffold of cilia and flagella,

273 protein complexes assemble onto the growing axoneme tip using (cryo) electron tomography.

274 one composition, compartmentalization of the axoneme tip, and axoneme integrity and find that MKS pro

275 he centriole to compartmentalize the growing axoneme tip.

276 ting of tubulin subunits for assembly at the axoneme tip.

277 ntriole and of a static interaction with the axoneme to compartmentalize the site of axoneme assembly

278 rrying ciliary component proteins) along the axoneme to facilitate the assembly and maintenance of ci

279 rved flagellar proteins functions within the axoneme to mediate Pkd2-dependent processes in the sperm

280 dramatic shift of attention from the ciliary axoneme to the ciliary membrane, much of this driven by

281 ctures can also be removed from existing 9+2 axonemes to convert them to 9+0.

282 ion zone, located between the basal body and axoneme, to regulate the localization of ciliary membran

283 by a flagellum that harbors a canonical 9+2 axoneme, together with trypanosome-specific elaborations

284 By reducing the dynein content in the axoneme using mutants and salt extraction, we provide ev

285 grow asynchronously to template the ciliary axoneme, visualize degeneration of the centriole core, a

286 n factors; however, formation of the ciliary axoneme was unaffected.

287 These developing axonemes were positioned to coordinate trafficking into

288 KIF17 localized along the rod outer segment axoneme when expressed in mouse and X. laevis photorecep

289 h outer arm dynein and ODA10p rebound to the axonemes when desalted extracts are mixed with oda10-mut

290 ARON is located at the base of the flagellar axoneme, where it likely mediates targeting of flagellar

291 hat polymerize from basal bodies to form the axoneme, which consists of hundreds of proteins.

292 les have tightly controlled lengths, and the axoneme, which forms the core structure, has exceptional

293 Consistent with retrograde trafficking, the axoneme, which potentially mediates retrograde intraflag

294 xoneme exit defect is specific to the caudal axonemes, which exit from the posterior of the cell, and

295 of CK1 restored microtubule sliding in pf17 axonemes, which is consistent with an inhibitory role fo

296 a elongation disrupts trafficking within the axoneme with a 38% reduction in Arl13b ciliary localizat

297 termined the structure of the intact ciliary axoneme with up to resolution of 12 angstrom.

298 In isolated axonemes with a normal dynein arm composition, TTLL6 def

299 Reconstitution of depleted axonemes with purified, recombinant CK1 restored inhibit

300 l through the space between the DAPs and the axoneme without following DAP structures.