ライフサイエンスコーパス: beak

1 beyond the adult state of ancestors) in the beak.

2 bands, before development of the functional beak.

3 he retina and ferrimagnetic particles in the beak.

4 l-dopa, to be sclerotization agents of squid beak.

5 escribe additional cross-links from D. gigas beak.

6 ngue placement on the sound emitted from the beak.

7 emarcated the dorsoventral axis of the upper beak.

8 process-derived structures such as the upper beak.

9 deposition of pollen on the bird's head and beak.

10 nerals in their powerful mouthparts known as beaks.

11 ally high cross-link density found in mature beaks.

12 ed in the morphological development of avian beaks.

13 iversity lies in the size and shape of their beaks.

14 resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks.

15 lar symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks.

16 skeletal projections of the upper and lower beaks.

17 ne seams in all paired groups without intact beaks.

18 f origin in TGFbeta3-treated palates without beaks.

19 ntiated between breeds with short and medium beaks.

20 tion and innovation in the evolution of bird beaks.

21 new flowers by hitching rides on hummingbird beaks.

22 tions for understanding the evolution of the beak, an important feeding structure present in several

23 rs from other amniotes in having developed a beak and associated craniofacial structures that seeming

24 Admixture mapping for beak and body size in the small, medium, and large groun

25 ing the developmental correspondence between beak and braincase may be the key novelty in classic pas

26 ubunit morphology (40S vs 30S): the extended beak and crest features of the head, the back lobes, and

27 which impact forces are transmitted between beak and envelope is a matter of considerable scientific

28 o assess the efficacy of managing Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), one of the most common

29 Deleterious effects of an outbreak of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were revealed on h

30 of 11 years and screened for the circovirus Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV).

31 rotocols to limit transmission and impact of Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV).

32 us Gyrovirus, while porcine circoviruses and Beak and feather disease virus belong to the genus CIRCO

33 Porcine circovirus type 2 and beak and feather disease virus show similar capsid struc

34 ling period, a severe outbreak of psittacine beak and feather disease, which is caused by BFDV, occur

35 a rapidly evolving single-strand DNA virus, beak and feather diseases virus (BFDV), which infects pa

36 e avian somatosensory system, input from the beak and head reaches the telencephalon via a disynaptic

37 oldest fossil birds to exhibit a finch-like beak and provide the earliest evidence for a diet focuse

38 Instead, the beak and skull are highly integrated structures strongly

39 suggests that the jaw consists of the dentin beak and supportive bone.

40 2J19A only in the retina and CYP2J19B in the beak and tarsus and to a variable extent in the retina.

41 Wild-type ketocarotenoids were absent in the beak and tarsus of yellowbeak birds.

42 The tight coevolution of the beak and the remainder of the skull in diurnal raptors a

43 haracterized by a tighter coevolution of the beak and the rest of the skull (cranial integration) tha

44 e resource acquisition and processing by the beak and three physical tasks (fly, swim, and walk) that

45 delphinoids and of canyons and seamounts to beaked and sperm whales, and quantified seasonal shifts

46 el with the highest specificity included SMV beaking and SBO, and the remaining signs showed lower ac

47 ee with the highest specificity included SMV beaking and SBO, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 105 (95

48 signal evolution, such that birds with large beaks and body sizes have evolved songs with comparative

49 heory in Galapagos finches, a clade in which beaks and mating songs are mechanistically linked.

50 is clear for some skeletal parts, including beaks and the combined skeletal morphology.

51 Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca woul

52 o new signs, superior mesenteric vein (SMV) "beaking" and "criss-cross" of the mesenteric vessels.

53 mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body colour.

54 vidly orange-red natal plumage, a bright red beak, and other red parts around the face and pate.

55 lf-induced vortical traps using their heads, beaks, and feet to capture agile planktonic prey in hars

56 tial domains of Wnt activity differ in avian beaks, and that Wnt signals regulate Bmp pathway activit

57 ns for the presence of a coalition are talar beaking, anteater nose sign, and C sign.

58 Genes expressed in the developing beak are overrepresented in these genomic regions.

59 Beaks are pink or yellow, and yellow is recessive.(3) He

60 Bird beaks are textbook examples of ecological adaptation to

61 recent epizootic outbreak, in China, of duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) was investigat

62 sornithids, the earliest divergence of fully beaked birds, has revealed a complex life cycle in which

63 ound that males exhibited perceptibly redder beaks, brighter tarsi and darker plumage than did female

64 Thus, ground finches have deep and wide beaks, cactus finches have long and pointed beaks (low d

65 aiian honeycreepers, which suggests that the beak can adapt as a distinct module in these birds.

66 beak prominences, the shapes of the chicken beak can be modulated.

67 hat dental novelties, such as the pufferfish beak, can develop later in ontogeny through modified con

68 red particle collection system indicate that beak chattering improves capture rates by ~7x.

69 olecular-genetic investigation of a nestling beak color polymorphism in Darwin's finches.

70 porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and one short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and in one 'du

71 largest mass stranding event (MSE) of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) occurred in F

72 Detection of bird-beak configuration is helpful in the prediction of adver

73 Bird-beak configuration was observed in 28 (44%) of 64 patien

74 The presence and length of the bird-beak configuration were compared with the formation of e

75 Bird-beak configuration, defined as the incomplete apposition

76 ic, indicating that the mostly coastal 'long-beaked' D. capensis form is not a single globally distri

77 nes, which themselves were prepared by Hoppe-Beak deprotonation of ethyl 2,4,6-triisopropyl-benzoate

78 r, and genetic mechanisms essential to avian beak development and evolution.

79 d falcon-specific evolutionary novelties for beak development and olfaction and specifically for home

80 Beak development in chicken and duck was used to examine

81 of the limitations imposed by the process of beak development on generating such variation is unclear

82 ng pathways and tissues patterning Loxigilla beaks differ among the three species.

83 introgression on 2, genetically correlated, beak dimensions.

84 Bird beaks display tremendous variation in shape and size, wh

85 ules to explain the observed variation, with beak diversity constrained to a three parameter family o

86 However, much of the beak diversity in birds depends on variation in the prem

87 tion, and paired palatal shelves with intact beaks do not adhere or undergo transformation, even when

88 old-water obligate species such as the white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) face pressur

89 otential loss of up to 80% of suitable white-beaked dolphin habitat.

90 ose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), and white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)) and were s

91 t implications for the conservation of white-beaked dolphins by providing guidance for the delineatio

92 capes, and the astonishing variations of the beak enable a wide range of avian lifestyles.

93 rum was not an evolutionary prerequisite for beak enlargement.

94 hanistic explanation for the independence of beak evolution along different axes.

95 Here, we show that the hydrated beak exhibits a large stiffness gradient, spanning two o

96 he craniofacial skeleton, including jaws and beaks, figures prominently in discussions of adaptive di

97 morphological structures like the pufferfish beak form via a conserved developmental bauplan capable

98 edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the

99 e isotope analyses of a unique collection of beaks from 104 specimens from the Atlantic, Pacific and

100 neck were acquired to quantify the effect of beak geometry and neck musculature on the stability duri

101 ort and demonstrated experimentally that the beak geometry and the dynamics of tweezering may be tune

102 id species experienced a precocious burst of beak growth, probably facilitating access to novel food

103 imens in which soft-tissue structures of the beak have been preserved.

104 dimensions (depth, width and length) of the beak have major consequences for the overall fitness of

105 osing between using a body part (i.e. crows: beak; humans: hand) or a tool for retrieving a reward fr

106 nstrator push a sliding screen door with its beak (imitation group), whereas 2 other groups watched t

107 plets: By repeatedly opening and closing its beak in a tweezering motion, the bird moves the drop fro

108 nce indicating that the early evolution of a beak in coelurosaurians correlates with an herbivorous d

109 Quail neural crest cells produced quail beaks in duck hosts and duck neural crest produced duck

110 As the birds seize an appendage with their beaks in order to remove it from the flower for consumpt

111 Their beaks instead consist of a highly sclerotized chitinous

112 Despite common perception, we find that the beak is not an independently targeted module for selecti

113 dehydration on the graded properties of the beaks is discussed.

114 ty in the structure and development of this "beak," it is initiated by formation of separate first-ge

115 venile individuals to a completely toothless beaked jaw in the more mature individuals, representing

116 odontidae) exhibit a distinctive parrot-like beaked jaw, forming a cutting edge, unlike in any other

117 and structural component of the adult upper beak/jaw, yet its regulation is unknown.

118 loying a scanning tunneling microscopy based beak junction technique and mechanically controlled brea

119 ossflow is applicable to filter-feeding duck beak lamellae and whale baleen plates, as well as the fl

120 anged during the past 206 years, but we find beak length in North American birds is now 8% longer tha

121 Beak length in the native range has remained unchanged d

122 ical genetic experiments suggest that pigeon beak length is regulated by a small number of genetic fa

123 Mean bird-beak length was significantly longer (P < .01) in patien

124 case, exhibiting morphological variation in beak length, coloration and body size across their wide

125 diran bauplan including leaf-shaped teeth, a beak-like lower jaw, long, gracile limbs, and a quadrupe

126 kes, in the inner and outer arms, and in the beak-like projections in the B tubule of the outer doubl

127 of SCPP genes is also detected in an unusual beak-like structure that shelters numerous teeth.

128 re originally attributed to, by their larger beaks, longer tarsi, shorter tails, and larger body mass

129 beaks, cactus finches have long and pointed beaks (low depth and narrower width), and warbler finche

130 nk providing mechanical strengthening to the beak material.

131 oves and pigeons that vocalize with a closed beak, may modulate the activity of beak premotor neurons

132 d assembly of inner-arm dynein IDA b and the beak-MIP structures.

133 stituent parts and putative genes regulating beak morphogenesis and evolution.

134 eural crest cells destined to participate in beak morphogenesis between two anatomically distinct spe

135 In contrast, beak morphogenesis in Loxigilla violacea and Loxigilla p

136 plain one pathway involved in Darwin's finch beak morphogenesis.

137 opment(8,9), they have comparatively diverse beak morphologies associated with a range of feeding and

138 y constrains vocal evolution, with different beak morphologies differentially limiting a bird's abili

139 ys whose expression correlates with specific beak morphologies.

140 exemplified by their adaptive and functional beak morphologies.

141 e Galapagos Islands, that diversification of beak morphology and body size has shaped patterns of voc

142 ion of Darwin's finch species with elongated beak morphology and provide a mechanistic explanation fo

143 spiza, we provide a quantitative map between beak morphology and the expression levels of Bmp4.

144 song are consistent with the hypothesis that beak morphology constrains vocal evolution, with differe

145 Their impressive variation in beak morphology is associated with the exploitation of a

146 lecular mechanisms underlying differences in beak morphology likely involve interactions among multip

147 gation of the upper beak, recapitulating the beak morphology of the cactus finches.

148 orphological transformations paralleling the beak morphology of the large ground finch G. magnirostri

149 The variability of bird beak morphology reflects diverse foraging strategies.

150 es a long and deep rostrum, an expression of beak morphology that was previously unknown among Mesozo

151 ombined to induce multidimensional shifts in beak morphology.

152 ere not a passive consequence of a change in beak morphology.

153 eaks strongly correlated with deep and broad beak morphology.

154 on that generates interspecific variation in beak morphology.

155 the short-beaked Psittacopes, and the thrush-beaked Morsoravis.

156 ence, leaving unresolved the question of how beak movements are affected during singing.

157 jaw premotor neurons could, together, affect beak movements as a means of modulating filter propertie

158 oduction of song), it might be expected that beak movements during singing would also be controlled b

159 telencephalic output of the song system and beak muscle motor neurons in the brainstem are conspicuo

160 passeriforms that also includes the slender-beaked nectarivorous Pumiliornis, the short-beaked Psitt

161 magnetic receptors in the vertebrate retina, beak, nose, and inner ear has been proposed, and immedia

162 The beak of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas represents on

163 n of CYP2J19(yb) is barely detectable in the beak of yellowbeak birds.

164 Darwin's finches, have independently evolved beaks of a novel shape, different from Geospiza, but als

165 sed at higher levels in the long and pointed beaks of cactus finches than in more robust beak types o

166 complete morphological variation within the beaks of Darwin's finches can be explained by extending

167 rate that the morphological diversity in the beaks of Darwin's Finches is quantitatively accounted fo

168 cranial neural crest cells in the developing beaks of ducks, quails and chickens.

169 ed more evidence of admixture than G. fortis Beaks of G. scandens became progressively blunter, and w

170 After 15 days of development, the upper beaks of the treated embryos were truncated, and the ske

171 ll proliferation in the developing embryonic beaks of the zebra finch.

172 During singing in songbirds, the extent of beak opening, like the extent of mouth opening in human

173 odulated by the end-correction of a variable beak opening.

174 ty of embryos developed notches in the upper beak or the equivalent of cleft lip.

175 Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolu

176 f pigeon craniofacial variation is the short-beak phenotype, which has been selected in numerous bree

177 Its skull has a sharp, raptorial-like beak, preceding that of dinosaurs by around 80 million y

178 e sought to answer this question by defining beak premotor neurons and examining their afferent proje

179 a closed beak, may modulate the activity of beak premotor neurons in concert with the output of the

180 By measuring Bmp4 expression in the beak primordia of the species in the genus Geospiza, we

181 analysis of the transcripts expressed in the beak primordia to find previously unknown genes and path

182 By "tinkering" with BMP4 in beak prominences, the shapes of the chicken beak can be

183 -beaked nectarivorous Pumiliornis, the short-beaked Psittacopes, and the thrush-beaked Morsoravis.

184 inence, it causes an elongation of the upper beak, recapitulating the beak morphology of the cactus f

185 sing stable isotope ratios measured in squid beaks recovered from diet samples of wandering albatross

186 and warbler finches have slender and pointed beaks, reflecting differences in their respective diets.

187 hing variation in the shape and size of bird beaks reflects a wide range of dietary specializations t

188 teeth, modern birds (Neornithes) use a horny beak (rhamphotheca) and a muscular gizzard to acquire an

189 produce a vortical recirculation zone at the beak's tip, aiding in prey capture.

190 l dependence of the capillary ratchet on the beak's wetting properties, thus making clear the vulnera

191 namic functions of their L-shaped chattering beak, S-curved neck, and distinct behaviors such as stom

192 86%-90%, respectively; kappa = 0.74) and SMV beaking (sensitivity and specificity, 80%-88% and 94%-95

193 but exhibit relatively conserved patterns of beak shape and development(5-7).

194 ast with the archetypal relationship between beak shape and ecology in Darwin's finches and Hawaiian

195 loci, which are associated with variation in beak shape and size, respectively, suggesting that they

196 cial development is strongly associated with beak shape diversity across Darwin's finch species as we

197 ar across latitudes, with some evidence that beak shape evolves faster in the temperate zone, consist

198 with a comparative morphometric analysis of beak shape in a diverse group of songbirds.

199 Whether the topic is beak shape in Darwin's finches or signaling interactions

200 pecies that has undergone rapid evolution of beak shape in response to environmental changes.

201 Beak shape is a classic example of evolutionary diversif

202 Beak shape plays a key role in avian radiations and is o

203 is more closely associated with the study of beak shape than Passeriformes (passerines or perching bi

204 Our findings indicate that beak shape variability in many songbirds is strongly con

205 address this fundamental question using bird beak shape, a key evolutionary innovation linked to patt

206 discoveries implicating Bmps in evolution of beak shape, feathers, and toothlessness, suggest that mo

207 However, despite sharing the same beak shape, the signaling pathways and tissues patternin

208 pic variances in G. scandens and a change in beak shape.

209 lotype has contributed to diversification of beak shapes among the Darwin's finches and, thereby, to

210 sue level and captures the range of observed beak shapes in terms of a simple morphospace.

211 The striking diversity of bird beak shapes is an outcome of natural selection, yet the

212 Specifically, we show that all beak shapes of Ground Finches (genus Geospiza) are relat

213 the same relationship holds true for all the beak shapes of Tree, Cocos, and Warbler Finches (three d

214 that stem passerines attained a diversity of beak shapes paralleling many of the morphotypes present

215 This analysis shows that the beak shapes within each of these groups differ only by t

216 oup of Darwin's finch species with different beak shapes.

217 ry bone of embryos of species with different beak shapes.

218 al adhesion, a feces sign, and the lack of a beak sign were associated with successful nonsurgical tr

219 The number of beak signs and the location of the transition zone in re

220 At multivariate analysis, fewer than two beak signs and the presence of an anterior parietal adhe

221 uccessful nonsurgical treatment, whereas two beak signs or more, a whirl sign, a C- or U-shaped appea

222 om that of modern birds, and it reveals that beak size allometry may have facilitated population cohe

223 to each plumage region: species recognition, beak size and climate variables related to competition f

224 , birds often target fruits that match their beak size because those fruits can be consumed more effi

225 s at the loci accompanied a strong change in beak size caused by natural selection during a drought.

226 Rates of beak size evolution are similar across latitudes, with s

227 an undisturbed Galapagos island diverged in beak size from a competitor species (G. magnirostris) 22

228 ement event: Genotypes associated with large beak size were at a strong selective disadvantage in med

229 fruits in bird diets) and network-level mean beak size, and with a smaller proportion of fleshy-fruit

230 alue predicted from the high heritability of beak size.

231 among Darwin's finch species with different beak sizes.

232 neural crest mesenchyme, which generates the beak skeleton and other components, and describe how the

233 prenasal cartilage, which forms the initial beak skeleton.

234 ssion of Bmp4 in the mesenchyme of the upper beaks strongly correlated with deep and broad beak morph

235 Enp1 and Ltv1 were previously implicated in 'beak' structure formation during 40S maturation--and the

236 r these molecules in producing the elongated beak structures during chick facial development.

237 resulted in duplications of upper and lower beak structures.

238 Finally, the "beak" structures within the B-tubules of Chlamydomonas D

239 finches, ground finches (Geospiza spp.) have beaks that represent scaling variations of the same shap

240 fer an interdisciplinary perspective on bird beaks that spans their derivation from jaws of dinosauri

241 growth of the two skeletal components of the beak: the prenasal cartilage (pnc) and the premaxillary

242 preferences for either using a tool or their beak throughout the task.

243 rphological changes to non-neural crest host beak tissues.

244 tive radiation of these groups, allowing the beak to evolve more rapidly and freely in response to ec

245 the bird moves the drop from the tip of its beak to its mouth in a stepwise ratcheting fashion.

246 We utilized natural variation found in bird beaks to investigate what genes drive vertebrate facial

247 These creatures probably used their beaks to strain food sediment in an aqueous environment,

248 hummingbird nostrils and disembark when the beak touches a flower.

249 ) changed several times in body size and two beak traits.

250 f proteins in the 60S P-stalk and in the 40S beak, two binding regions of the eukaryotic elongation f

251 beaks of cactus finches than in more robust beak types of other species.

252 At later time points the upper beak was shortened owing to hypoplasia of the skeleton,

253 Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree

254 d mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both

255 the developmental morphogenesis of the finch beak, we propose an experimentally motivated growth law

256 cein, palatal shelves (E8-9) with or without beak were dissected and cultured on agar gels.

257 escribe the underwater behavior of a Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) from the first deployme

258 s no evidence of abundance trend for Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii), for which annual abund

259 of a cryptic deep ocean cetacean, the Gray's beaked whale (Mesoplodon grayi).

260 tent of two MeO-PBDEs isolated from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), we show that these comp

261 e probability of negative trend for Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) during 1991-2008 was

262 The Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) is one of the least k

263 ameters provide strong evidence of declining beaked whale abundance in the study area.

264 Cuvier's, Baird's, beaked whale and porpoise clicks, were identified in hig

265 Naval sonar can disrupt beaked whale diving behaviour, in some cases leading to

266 ssess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region

267 time the ecotoxicological status of Cuvier's beaked whale in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

268 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates

269 never assessed in the Mediterranean Cuvier's beaked whale population, indicating that anthropogenic p

270 Our models suggest that beaked whale reproduction requires energy dense prey, an

271 more, it has been suggested that the lack of beaked whale sightings is the result of their low abunda

272 Beaked whale species detected include: Gervais' (Mesoplo

273 iven current information, it seems that some beaked whale species require relatively high quality hab

274 e acoustic foraging behavior in this largest beaked whale species, and the first experimental demonst

275 We also compiled records of beaked whale stranding events (3 genera, at least 8 spec

276 The first is the ordinary Baird's beaked whale, B. bairdii, whereas the other is much smal

277 Mass stranding of several species of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) associated with exposur

278 Goose-beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are a deep-diving to

279 bmarine canyons that are suitable for Gray's beaked whales and their prey.

280 nd canyons, the most important variables for beaked whales appeared to be static variables and surfac

281 Beaked whales are among the most diverse yet least under

282 Beaked whales are deep diving elusive animals, difficult

283 Beaked whales are hypothesized to be particularly sensit

284 eastern GOM site, both Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales had a high density throughout the monitori

285 reotyped group diving and vocal behaviour of beaked whales has benefits for abatement of predation ri

286 ledge, as the elusive, deep-diving nature of beaked whales has made it hard to study these effects di

287 to 2012, to help assess population status of beaked whales in the northern part of the California Cur

288 Beaked whales may exceed their aerobic dive limit during

289 ator abatement behaviours have likely served beaked whales over millions of years, but may become mal

290 ng data from 14 Blainville's and 12 Cuvier's beaked whales show that group members have an extreme sy

291 estimate abundance and population trends of beaked whales using sightings data from these surveys.

292 roughout the monitoring period, but Cuvier's beaked whales were present only seasonally, with periods

293 At two sites in the western GOM, Gervais' beaked whales were present throughout the monitoring per

294 Overall, 2738 tracks of diving goose-beaked whales were processed from acoustic recordings co

295 are presented for the density estimation of beaked whales, using passive acoustic monitoring data co

296 For Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales, we estimated weekly animal density using

297 roduce cryptic acoustic signals, deep-diving beaked whales, well known for mass-strandings induced by

298 cute decompression-like sickness in stranded beaked whales.

299 reas derived ornithomimids had an edentulous beak, which has prompted speculation about their dietary

300 ae had an anteriorly protruded shovel-shaped beak, which is a morphological character of selective fe

301 It was unusually large, especially in beak width, sang an unusual song, and carried some Geosp