ライフサイエンスコーパス: birth weight

1 r outcomes (small for gestational age or low birth weight).

2 Thirty-three studies (n = 4,733) reported birth weight.

3 ation), where a quarter of newborns have low birth weight.

4 fetal genetic contributions to variation in birth weight.

5 iscarriage, postpartum endometritis, and low birth weight.

6 ing 19 cohorts and 2 RCTs) were included for birth weight.

7 the normal non-diabetic range independent of birth weight.

8 maternal smoking is a risk factor for lower birth weight.

9 d the association of the urban exposome with birth weight.

10 f allergic rhinitis were not associated with birth weight.

11 sed sample, and tested for interactions with birth weight.

12 in preterm birth and 333 of 5426 (6%) in low birth weight.

13 5[OH]D) and calcium supplementation increase birth weight.

14 ate cytokine levels with gestational age and birth weight.

15 ians had more favorable maternal factors for birth weight.

16 lacenta malaria, anemia at delivery, and low birth weight.

17 sitively associated with gestational age and birth weight.

18 ts of these two maternal traits on offspring birth weight.

19 ermine the effects of 25(OH)D and calcium on birth weight.

20 urface area, and CT and between PGRS-SCZ and birth weight.

21 rth and 2) gestational age- and sex-specific birth weight.

22 pha leads to a significant decrease in fetal birth weight.

23 mediating the association with lower infant birth weight.

24 al admission to the intensive care unit, and birth weight.

25 between features of placental morphology and birth weight.

26 C- reactive protein (CRP) level, and infant birth weight.

27 GDM as well as associated with higher infant birth weight.

28 001) for significantly predicting the infant birth weight.

29 fected by intrauterine processes that affect birth weight.

30 nflammation have an adverse effect on infant birth weight.

31 ciated with IGFBP-5 levels) colocalizes with birth weight.

32 egree; 81.6% for infants of less than 1000 g birth weight.

33 ese clusters were not associated with infant birth weight.

34 pregnancy tended to increase the risk of low birth weights.

35 natal maternal smoking; 15% were born at low birth weights.

36 5% CI, -0.20 to 0.04], P = .20), or very low birth weight (0.76% to 0.72% [difference: -0.03] vs 0.88

37 CI, -0.96 to -0.10], P = .02), and very low birth weight (-0.13 percentage points [95% CI, -0.25 to

38 ints [95% CI, -0.26 to -0.02], P = .03), low birth weight (-0.53 percentage points [95% CI, -0.96 to

39 25(OH)D on birth weight (difference in mean birth weight -0.03 g [95% CI -2.48 to 2.42 g, p = 0.981]

40 h body mass index, elevated insulin, and low birth weight (1.33 [1.09-1.62]; P = 0.005).

41 nterquartile range (IQR): 26.3-28.4], median birth weight 1088 g [IQR: 730-1178].

42 lysis (mean gestational age = 28.6 weeks and birth weight = 1138.2 g).

43 nalysis to assess the causal relationship of birth weight (~140,000 individuals) on the risk of adult

44 ted that calcium has a substantial effect on birth weight (178 g [95% CI 121-236 g, p = 1.43 x 10-9]

45 sample (55% male; 76% singleton births; mean birth weight, 1985 g [SD, 958 g]; 76% vaginal birth; mea

46 l weeks) and small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight 2 standard deviations below the expected we

47 suggested no strong evidence of an effect on birth weight (-20 g [95% CI -44 to 5 g, p = 0.116] per 1

48 (mean gestational age, 36.9 weeks, and mean birth weight, 2909 g) were included in the primary inten

49 Prevalence of low birth weight (37.9%, risk ratio [RR] = 12.61; 95% confid

50 oints [95% CI, -0.05 to 0.02], P = .37), low birth weight (5.41% to 5.36% [difference: -0.05] vs 6.06

51 Their children had lower birth weight (-54 g (-59, -49)) and shorter gestational

52 , respectively; P = 0.44), as was the median birth weight (648.5 and 560.0 g, respectively; P = 0.26)

53 A total of 660 infants (median birth weight, 740 g; and median gestational age, 26.6 we

54 A total of 1824 infants (mean birth weight, 756 g; mean gestational age, 25.9 weeks) u

55 mming, with a mediated effect of 301-g lower birth weight (95% CI: -543, -86) among smokers but no me

56 al smoking was associated with a 175-g lower birth weight (95% confidence interval (CI): -305.5, -44.

57 etiology with between aortic valve area and birth weight along with other cardiovascular conditions.

58 natal exposure to the bill resulted in lower birth weight among Latina immigrant women, but not among

59 regnancy was associated with lower offspring birth weight and body weight in early-postnatal life.

60 The association between lower birth weight and childhood asthma is well established.

61 When adjusting for birth weight and cohort effect, significant negative ass

62 ncy outcomes (fetal demise, prematurity, low birth weight and congenital anomaly) in HIV-infected pre

63 erence Vegetation Index (NDVI) and increased birth weight and decreased TLBW risk.

64 incidence and severity were higher in lower birth weight and gestational age categories.

65 be detected at delivery, are associated with birth weight and gestational length.

66 the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal b

67 confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the associa

68 Optimal birth weight and its mortality differ by ethnicity.

69 es were highly significantly associated with birth weight and length (p < 1 x 10-17).

70 Meanwhile, higher birth weight and lower birth order may also predict lowe

71 PGRS-SCZ was not associated with birth weight and no PGRS-SCZ x birth weight interactions

72 biomarkers associated with placental weight, birth weight and PFR.

73 sely, but not significantly, associated with birth weight and ponderal index.

74 nversely associated with gestational age and birth weight and positively associated with medical comp

75 Such patterns of low birth weight and postnatal catch-up growth have been rep

76 We evaluated the associations of birth weight and postnatal weight (measured at 4 months,

77 Low birth weight and preterm birth are associated with adver

78 A consistent trend was seen for low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age birth weight

79 Yet, Whites had the highest mean birth weight and South Asians, the lowest.

80 imed to investigate the relationship between birth weight and telomere length and the association bet

81 congenitally infected infants, 32.3% had low birth weight, and 30.8% required hospitalization after b

82 d significantly higher gestational age (GA), birth weight, and Apgar scores compared with group 1 and

83 iated with a neonate's gestational duration, birth weight, and birth length.

84 Controlling for gestational age, birth weight, and BPD severity, MR-EI was associated wit

85 ylation changes with respect to exposure and birth weight, and continued use of intervention-focused

86 ence of additional structural anomalies, low birth weight, and earlier year of birth were the most co

87 ed with intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, and fetal death, but findings are limited

88 s, spontaneous abortions, preterm birth, low birth weight, and infant infections) among pregnancies e

89 s, spontaneous abortions, preterm birth, low birth weight, and infections during the first year of li

90 e outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, low infant birth weight, and later-life adiposity.

91 In regression models, male sex, low birth weight, and maternal smoking were independent risk

92 plications, maternal atopy, gestational age, birth weight, and smoking during pregnancy (risk ratio =

93 nt protective effects of maternal education, birth weight, and socioeconomic status for developmental

94 otective factors (maternal education, higher birth weight, and socioeconomic status) and risk factors

95 luding septicemia, respiratory distress, low birth weight, and spontaneous preterm birth.

96 l anemia, maternal peripheral infection, low birth weight, antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance, and IPT

97 triction (aOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37), low birth weight (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.33-2.76), and fetal d

98 aimed to determine if prematurity and lower birth weight are associated with poorer lung function in

99 Strong associations between surface area and birth weight are consistent with reported results for si

100 ange of obstetric complications (e.g., lower birth weight) are consistently associated with an increa

101 aturity, as assessed via gestational age and birth weight, as well as with reduced cognition as measu

102 P) exposure has been associated with reduced birth weight at delivery but results are not consistent.

103 Among European countries, optimal birth weight at which the mortality is minimal is shown

104 nyldichloroethylene were related to elevated birth weight, birth length, and head circumference among

105 ons of urinary bisphenol concentrations with birth weight, birth length, and ponderal index.

106 uate GWG and glycemic control in mothers and birth weight, birth length, macrosomia, and large for ge

107 ers were associated with significantly lower birth weight, birth length, or ponderal index, with sign

108 blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable

109 w birth weight and small-for-gestational-age birth weight but not for miscarriage.

110 Maternal HIV was associated with low birth weight but not stillbirth.

111 5 loci, mediated smoking exposure effects on birth weight but only among children whose mothers smoke

112 is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows

113 od pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these all

114 with reduced rates of pyelonephritis and low birth weights, but the available evidence was not curren

115 s were collected from premature infants with birth weight (BW) <= 1800 g, estimated gestational age (

116 nts to support infant development, affecting birth weight (BW) and potentially long-term risk of obes

117 s (32w3d) (95% CI, +/- 3 days), and the mean birth weight (BW) was 1594 g (95% CI, +/- 96 g).

118 nd lower odds of giving birth to babies with birth weights (BWs) <2,500 g (DD = -11.8, ROR: 0.29, 95%

119 The primary study outcome was birth size: birth weight (BWT), birth length (BL), ponderal index (P

120 Maternal supplementation increased birth weight by 0.06 kg, and both formula and food-based

121 ere lower in the intervention period for all birth weight categories, except babies weighing <1.0 kg.

122 ge, maternal smoking, sex-gestation-specific birth weight centile, gestational age, 5-minute Apgar sc

123 was different between infants below the 5th birth-weight centile for each chart (OR 4.47, 95% CI 3.3

124 tly increased below the 15th, 10th, and 35th birth-weight centiles for the respective charts (odds ra

125 Although many studies have compared birth-weight charts to determine which better identify i

126 In low-birth-weight children (<2500 g), the RNFL was 3.5 mum (9

127 0.6-6.3 mum; P = .02) thinner than in normal-birth-weight children after adjustment for all variables

128 ransplanted mothers born preterm or with low birth weight compared with similar controls.

129 ncy outcomes (fetal demise, prematurity, low birth weight, congenital anomaly) in pregnant women livi

130 rts depict body composition of infants whose birth weights did not indicate suboptimal fetal growth.

131 evidence of an effect of maternal 25(OH)D on birth weight (difference in mean birth weight -0.03 g [9

132 2, SARS-CoV-2 status was not associated with birth weight, difficulty breathing, apnea or upper or lo

133 onal age neonates (ELGAN) with extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) participating in a randomiz

134 Thus, associations of lower birth weight, especially in boys, and prematurity with p

135 the impact of a complex mixture of metals on birth weight for gestational age (BW for GA) in the Mate

136 in study findings, inadequate adjustment of birth weight for gestational age and sex, and variation

137 ured serum levels with SHR (for IGFBP-3) and birth weight (for IGFBP-5) than with height.

138 t FDSLNH might protect infants with very low birth weight from late-onset neonatal sepsis.

139 We also used infant-specific birth weight genetic scores as instrument and examined t

140 rs, 7 days, and 28 days) respiratory status, birth weight, gestational age, gender, ROP treatment met

141 Most enrolled neonates had a birth weight >=1.5 kg (2131/2669 [79.8%]).

142 Macrosomia was defined as birth weight >=4,000 g and/or large for gestational age

143 ths old between the two groups; however, low birth weight had a negative impact on weight gain in bot

144 ad not smoked after correction for age, sex, birth weight, height, body weight, Tanner stage of puber

145 n between ewe vitamin D status and offspring birth weight highlights the need for further investigati

146 delivery, details of parturition and infant birth weight (IBW) was recorded.

147 ng small for gestational age, and having low birth weight in a second, live-born infant in a cohort o

148 aplotype scores for T2D were associated with birth weight in a similar way but with a weaker maternal

149 association between prenatal smoking and low birth weight in a tissue that is mechanistically relevan

150 ome (stillbirth or spontaneous abortion, low birth weight in an infant, preterm delivery, or congenit

151 ernal circulating 25(OH)D does not influence birth weight in otherwise healthy newborns.

152 on's Evenness Index, and traffic density and birth weight in our DSA analysis.

153 ed birth size, respectively; alleles raising birth weight in the fetus are associated with shorter ge

154 g; 95% CI, -376 to 139; P = .361) and higher birth weight in women with A581G-bearing parasites (MD,

155 recent SP receipt was associated with lower birth weight in women with wild-type parasites (MD, 118

156 6 g; 95% CI, -40 to 272; P = .142) and lower birth weights in women with A581G-bearing parasites (MD,

157 to ISTp, IPTp-SP was associated with higher birth weights in women with wild-type parasites (MD, 116

158 A birth weight increase of 1 kg was associated with a 44%

159 ed stillbirths; reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and fr

160 ly low birth weight infants than in very low birth weight infants (55.5 +/- 8.3 mum vs. 66.7 +/- 10.2

161 s associated with increased frequency of low birth weight infants and neonatal complications, the ris

162 ckness was 11.2 mum thinner in extremely low birth weight infants than in very low birth weight infan

163 stressed, such as those with preterm or low birth weight infants.

164 e randomly assigned very preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants to daily milk increments of 30 ml p

165 ity at 24 months in very preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants with a strategy of advancing milk f

166 risk of cognitive delay among extremely-low-birth-weight infants with anemia.

167 In extremely-low-birth-weight infants, a higher hemoglobin threshold for

168 des (HMOs) and late-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants, and to describe the composition an

169 sociated with birth weight and no PGRS-SCZ x birth weight interactions were found.

170 e design and interpretation of MR studies of birth weight investigating effects of fetal growth on la

171 Birth weight is a significant independent predictor of R

172 High birth weight is associated with increased breast cancer

173 Low birth weight is associated with perinatal and long-term

174 n later-life cardiometabolic disease because birth weight is only a crude indicator of fetal growth,

175 ese results support the hypothesis that high birth weight is positively associated with increased bre

176 he effect of maternal circulating calcium on birth weight is unclear and requires further exploration

177 y dietary patterns and preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) are limited and inconsistent.

178 B), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for morbidity and mo

179 Individuals with a low birth weight (LBW) have an increased risk of metabolic d

180 ome by unskilled attendants, the rate of low birth weight (LBW) is high, and postnatal care is limite

181 ed with small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth.

182 Maternal periodontal disease leads to low birth weight (LBW), insulin resistance (IR), increased T

183 D exposures and term birth weight (tBW), low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small for g

184 ures of malaria at delivery and risks of low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and

185 ealth, delivery in a health facility and low birth weight (LBW), women's knowledge, and physical inti

186 abolite concentrations and collected data on birth weight, length, head circumference, and duration o

187 To determine if children born with birth weight less than 1,251 g who were treated with neo

188 tional age less than 37 weeks, and 17.1% had birth weight less than 2,500 grams.

189 Main outcomes included birth weight, low birth weight, small for gestational ag

190 nd RVGE were associated with male sex, lower birth weight, lower maternal education, and having fewer

191 Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse

192 of children who present with risk factors of birth weight < 1750 g and gestational age <= 34 weeks, b

193 9 CMV immunoglobulin G-positive mothers with birth weight <1500 g or gestational age <32 weeks and 83

194 s with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g were enrolled after birth.

195 rn before 32 weeks of gestation, and/or with birth weight <1500 g) and 111 mature-born adults were as

196 n), low birth weight (<2500 g), and very low birth weight (<1500 g).

197 ry preterm birth (<32 weeks' gestation), low birth weight (<2500 g), and very low birth weight (<1500

198 e cohort study of mothers and their very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) infants with >=1 milk sample and

199 ntributors to the pro-rural inequalities are birth weight, maternal age and maternal education.

200 re analyzed: age, sex, socioeconomic status, birth weight, maternal age at birth, anisometropia, asti

201 d with risk and protective factors including birth weight, maternal anaemia in pregnancy, and socioec

202 fants 23-29 weeks of gestation or 401-1500 g birth weight (maximum gestational age 32 wk) and exclude

203 aring parasites were associated with reduced birth weight (mean difference [MD], 252 g; 95% confidenc

204 born to metformin-treated mothers had lower birth weights (mean difference -107.7 g, 95% CI -182.3 t

205 Despite lower average birth weight, metformin-exposed children appear to exper

206 istinguishable by urinary androgen profiles, birth weights, morphometrics, and behaviour.

207 length distance were positive predictors for birth weight (multilinear regression: P = .007 and P = .

208 own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 in

209 nded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n

210 ng, healthy men with LBW (n = 55) and normal birth weight (NBW) (n = 65) were examined including bloo

211 CI 1.04-2.00; p = 0.026) but not preterm/low-birth-weight neonates (aOR 1.30; 95% CI 0.76-2.23; p = 0

212 tic formulations on outcomes of preterm, low-birth-weight neonates, we found moderate to high evidenc

213 formulations on the outcomes of preterm, low-birth-weight neonates.

214 n, multicenter trial in which infants with a birth weight of 1000 g or less and a gestational age bet

215 e range, was associated with a difference in birth weight of 142.1 g (95% confidence interval (CI): 6

216 r an average 37-wk GWG of 10.7 kg and a mean birth weight of 3.0 kg.

217 born infants with respiratory distress and a birth weight of at least 1200 g were assigned to treatme

218 ional age of at least 34 weeks, an estimated birth weight of at least 2000 g, or both.

219 The effectiveness in birth weight of IPTp-SP is compromised by A581G-bearing

220 gestational age of less than 30 weeks and/or birth weight of less than 1250 g who were ventilator dep

221 care units in Europe among 1013 infants with birth weights of 400 g to 999 g at less than 72 hours af

222 Among infants with birth weights of less than 1000 g, a strategy of liberal

223 D were positively associated with subsequent birth weights of singleton and of twin lamb litters.

224 riance weighted method, the causal effect of birth weight on adult asthma was estimated to be 1.02 (9

225 de evidence supporting the causal effects of birth weight on adult asthma.

226 mains unclear whether the influence of lower birth weight on asthma can persist into adulthood.

227 or adult asthma, implying that the impact of birth weight on asthma in years of children and adolesce

228 the association between prenatal smoking and birth weight (on MDS2, PBX1, CYP1A2, VPRBP, WBP1L, CD28,

229 rs hardly explained this ethnic disparity in birth weight or mortality.

230 associated with differences in rates of low birth weight or preterm birth outcomes overall, although

231 evaluate associations with either continuous birth weight or term low birth weight (TLBW) risk, we pr

232 ons were observed with gestational duration, birth weight, or birth length.

233 The association is unclear for birth weight outcomes.

234 etween dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight outcomes.

235 ignificance disappeared after adjustment for birth weight (P = .25).

236 e score for FPG was strongly associated with birth weight (p = 4.7 x 10-6); however, the glucose-incr

237 eriodontitis-related bacteria in preterm low birth weight (PLBW) delivery, we recruited 90 pregnant w

238 ne pathogens are associated with preterm low birth weight (PLBW).

239 sex, age, race/ethnicity, glomerular status, birth weight, premature birth, angiotensin-converting en

240 infections, candidemia, bacteremia, very low birth weight, prematurity, respiratory disorders, and RO

241 0.24 [95% CI, 0.14-0.40]; 12 trials) and low birth weight (range, 2.5%-14.8% for the intervention gro

242 tal courses were similar in both groups, and birth weights ranged from 580 to 1495 g in the lower-pro

243 FGR infants [individualised birth weight ratio (IBR) < 5th centile] had lighter plac

244 lacental weight at birth and in placental-to-birth weight ratio (PFR).

245 were assessed in intervals of 5 centiles of birth weight (reference being 40th-60th centiles) using

246 associated with cord blood triglycerides and birth weight, respectively (FDR < 0.1).

247 The decline in birth weight resulted from exposure to the bill being si

248 s) of AAV5-hFIX ( n = 5; 0.45 x 10(13) vg/kg birth weight), resulting in ~3.0% hFIX at birth and 0.6-

249 The paternal transmitted birth weight score was significantly associated with red

250 Primary health outcomes are low birth weight, severe pneumonia incidence, stunting in th

251 Children with low birth weight should be given priority as this is a risk

252 Main outcomes included birth weight, low birth weight, small for gestational age at birth; height

253 For other birth outcomes (low birth weight, small for gestational age, stillbirth, bir

254 rm birth, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age birth, stillbirt

255 Prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age births, cesarean

256 r to influence the risks of prematurity, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age or fetal death i

257 f ZIKV on the prevalence of prematurity, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and fetal death

258 ted with increased risks of prematurity, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, or fetal death.

259 rest (sex, race, ethnicity, gestational age, birth weight, stage of retinopathy at prematurity, and p

260 -threshold group (relative risk adjusted for birth-weight stratum and center, 1.00; 95% confidence in

261 nd trimester-specific OGD exposures and term birth weight (tBW), low birth weight (LBW), preterm birt

262 telomere length and the association between birth weight, telomere length and cardiometabolic phenot

263 sma interferon-gamma showed lower (p < 0.01) birth weights than high responder pigs.

264 n is the first large urban exposome study of birth weight that tests many environmental urban exposur

265 a tissue that is mechanistically relevant to birth weight-the placenta-using formal mediation analyse

266 es in the fetus were associated with reduced birth weight through a fetal effect (p = 2.2 x 10-3).

267 h either continuous birth weight or term low birth weight (TLBW) risk, we primarily relied on the Del

268 e incidence of preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and

269 We estimated the causal effect of birth weight to be 1.00 (95% CI 0.98~1.03, p = 0.737) us

270 wth pattern was distinguished by compromised birth weight-to-length, rapid catch-up growth, and an in

271 in our study were: low gestational age, low birth weight, type of multiple gestation, the presence o

272 mediates the association between smoking and birth weight using mediation analysis.

273 Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and matern

274 c instrument for calcium was associated with birth weight via exposures that are independent of calci

275 t, growth, and feeding tolerance in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants fed an exclusively human mil

276 combination to affect the growth of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants are limited.

277 Mean birth weight was 3,443 (standard deviation, 423) g, and

278 26.6 weeks (range, 23-34 weeks), and average birth weight was 875 g (range, 425-1590 g).

279 A 250-g increase in birth weight was associated with 5.2 mum (95% confidence

280 023 mm; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.034) and increasing birth weight was associated with flatter RCC (0.005 mm;

281 Optimal birth weight was greatest in Whites (3,890 g), and least

282 Birth weight was positively associated with dense area (

283 However, neonatal mortality at optimal birth weight was significantly lower in North Asians.

284 Among 7 characteristics, birth weight was the only independent predictor of RNFL

285 Placental weight and birth weight were available for 473 mother-son pairs in

286 hese maternal genetic variants and offspring birth weight were calculated in the UK Biobank (UKB) (sa

287 and prenatal smoking x DNAm interactions on birth weight were observed for 5 CpG sites.

288 Associations for birth weight were stronger in boys for FEV(1) (boys: 0.3

289 Infants whose birth weights were <3rd or >97th centile of the INTERGRO

290 s, 1.85, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.85), independent of birth weight, which was not associated with BBD.

291 ed BP scores were negatively associated with birth weight with a significant fetal effect (p = 9.4 x

292 transmitted BMI scores were associated with birth weight with a significant maternal effect (p = 1.6

293 ge and education, type of delivery, sex, and birth weight with childhood overweight and obesity, but

294 rt, adjusted associations of prematurity and birth weight with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (

295 Our results suggest that low birth weight with rapid postnatal growth results in prem

296 sed linear regression to model difference in birth weight within a twin pair as a function of differe

297 in life and are driven largely by height and birth weight, without any comparable influence of BMI or

298 Birth weight z-scores were lower in the repeat corticost

299 enes, were also associated with standardized birth weight z-scores.

300 ous outcome, use of respiratory support, and birth weight z-scores; for the children, they were death