ライフサイエンスコーパス: bonobo

1 s from three species (human, chimpanzee, and bonobo).

2 ta are available (eg humans, chimpanzees and bonobos).

3 12 humans, 10 chimpanzees, 7 gorillas, and 1 bonobo.

4 nts from three hosts: human, chimpanzee, and bonobo.

5 15 communities and one suspected killing by bonobos.

6 r closest primate relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos.

7 ferences resulting in less skill among adult bonobos.

8 (SAdV) genomes isolated from chimpanzees and bonobos.

9 th was found only in humans, chimpanzees and bonobos.

10 83 new haplotypes of western chimpanzees and bonobos.

11 and morphologies shared with chimpanzees and bonobos.

12 could contribute to lentiviral resistance in bonobos.

13 lved in regulating out-group prosociality in bonobos.

14 , we find temporally stable clusters only in bonobos.

15 ial species from wild-living chimpanzees and bonobos.

16 s relationship remains to be investigated in bonobos.

17 al data obtained from a recent dissection of bonobos.

18 ion, a trait shared with chimpanzees but not bonobos.

19 e differences between common chimpanzees and bonobos.

20 zees and gorillas, have not been detected in bonobos.

21 the vasopressin 1a receptor gene (Avpr1a) in bonobos.

22 and personality traits should be present in bonobos.

23 vealed that the nucleotide diversity (pi) in bonobos (0.077%) is actually lower than that in humans (

24 rn and western gorillas, and chimpanzees and bonobos [1].

25 yield a total sample of 19 chimpanzees, four bonobos, 14 gorillas, and six orangutans, in which inter

26 vity and attractiveness are more extended in bonobos [2], males compete less intensely for each matin

27 re more patient and more risk-prone than are bonobos, (2) both species exhibit affective and motivati

28 e fitness consequences of male aggression in bonobos.(2)(,)(15)(,)(16) Nonetheless, the extent to whi

29 e to our closest relatives - chimpanzees and bonobos [3].

30 ults [31-33], human toddlers [34], and adult bonobos [35] prefer high-status individuals to low-statu

31 FOXP2 coding sequence in 63 chimpanzees, 11 bonobos, 48 gorillas, 37 orangutans and 2 gibbons and ob

32 the scanty paternity data available for wild bonobos [5].

33 mologous 5' noncoding region in chimpanzees, bonobos, a gorilla, an orangutan, and a baboon.

34 Here, we report two cases of a wild bonobo adopting an infant from a different social group,

35 Bonobos also showed evidence for involuntary, contagious

36 observe a twofold increase in the chimpanzee-bonobo ancestor (P = 4.79 x 10(-9)) and increased deleti

37 llectively, these results offer insight into bonobo and chimpanzee evolutionary history and suggest c

38 in anticipation of an identical competition, bonobo and chimpanzee males showed differential endocrin

39 virus was detected in the human, chimpanzee, bonobo and gorilla genomes, but not in the orang-utan ge

40 Bonobo and gorilla groups demonstrated a stronger lookin

41 We generated assemblies of bonobo and orangutan Ys from short and long sequencing r

42 e browsers for various assemblies, including bonobo and zebrafish; new gene annotation sets; improvem

43 randomly chosen from the nuclear genome in 9 bonobos and 17 chimpanzees.

44 nces in the social behavior and cognition of bonobos and chimpanzees derive from shifts in their onto

45 Despite being closely related, bonobos and chimpanzees show remarkable behavioral diffe

46 ccumulated at significantly greater rates in bonobos and chimpanzees than in humans, provide insights

47 occurred after our last common ancestor with bonobos and chimpanzees, and before the origin of presen

48 le-genome sequences from the autosomes of 71 bonobos and chimpanzees, representing all five extant Pa

49 species differences in personality traits of bonobos and chimpanzees.

50 cs, we investigated compositionality in wild bonobos and found that not only does each call type of t

51 hly divergent species infecting chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas across central Africa.

52 l amino acid substitutions from chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas, with an additional fixed substitut

53 Our results suggest that bonobos and humans experience TTS in similar ways and th

54 he last common ancestor (LCA) of chimpanzees/bonobos and humans.

55 bove chance level except for threat calls by bonobos and macaques.

56 her evolutionarily shared or convergent with bonobos and not unique to our species as previously prop

57 d, human-like adolescent length-GSs exist in bonobos and probably also many other non-human primates.

58 at B07 Papa-B occur at high frequency in TL2 bonobos and that malaria appears to have independently s

59 ample of spontaneous tempo coordination in a bonobo), and there is no experimental evidence to indica

60 in human and African great ape (chimpanzee, bonobo, and gorilla) genomes, substantially less is know

61 orldwide sample) and four great apes (chimp, bonobo, and gorilla).

62 Chimpanzee, bonobo, and human neurites eventually reached the same l

63 .1-kb+ allele was found in 16 chimpanzees, 3 bonobos, and 2 Bornean orangutans; however, 9 chimpanzee

64 3 kb of NRY DNA from 101 chimpanzees, seven bonobos, and 42 humans to investigate: (i) relative leve

65 stral Pan, the shared predecessor of humans, bonobos, and chimpanzees, lived in social dominance hier

66 gut communities of hundreds of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas and developed a phylogenetic appro

67 or some fraction of the genome, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas are more closely related to each o

68 e via cospeciation with humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas over the past 15 million years.

69 c and allopatric populations of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas residing throughout equatorial Afr

70 n well-defined cell populations from humans, bonobos, and gorillas.

71 lations, as well as wild-living chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas.

72 422 brain samples from humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and macaques representing 33 anatomical regions

73 orn bonobos, the whole genomes of 10 captive bonobos, and the mtDNA of 136 wild individuals.

74 great apes (43 groups of naive chimpanzees, bonobos, and western gorillas across 14 field sites in A

75 Bonobos approached ambiguous stimuli to search for rewar

76 Gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo are humans' closest living relatives.

77 ng between human and chimpanzee or human and bonobo are non-randomly distributed and that genes withi

78 ent preregistered study investigated whether bonobos are capable of attributing knowledge or ignoranc

79 Here, we show that wild-living bonobos are endemically Plasmodium infected in the easte

80 Chimpanzees and bonobos are highly capable of tracking other's mental st

81 Common chimps and bonobos are our closest living relatives but almost noth

82 Chimpanzees and bonobos are our closest living relatives.

83 onobos, so with respect to HN-FL musculature bonobos are the better model for the last common ancesto

84 th common chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees (bonobos) are polymorphic for maximum length of any CTG/C

85 parisons have established the chimpanzee and bonobo as our closest living relatives.

86 terization of iPS cells from chimpanzees and bonobos as new tools to explore factors that may have co

87 Xenophilia likely evolved in bonobos as the risk of intergroup aggression dissipated

88 enile orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, as well as tickle-induced laughter produced by

89 Although bonobo associations are flexible (i.e., fission-fusion d

90 For each sample, BONOBO assumes a Gaussian distribution on the log-transf

91 omparing chimpanzees at Kalinzu (Uganda) and bonobos at Wamba (DRC).

92 predicted, results consistently showed that bonobos' attention was biased toward the location of the

93 engaged in intensive warfare if we consider bonobo behavior, but modern human foragers have the pote

94 r cells compared to those of chimpanzees and bonobos both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting heterochro

95 xture has been identified in chimpanzees and bonobos but the possibility of such events has not been

96 These experiments reveal that xenophilia in bonobos can be unselfish, proactive and automatic.

97 duals - the first experimental evidence that bonobos can identify individuals utilising vocalisations

98 If bonobos can represent a partner's ignorance and are moti

99 onstrate experimentally that chimpanzees and bonobos can take into account what others can see in coo

100 common chimpanzee), and Homo (Pan) paniscus (bonobo chimpanzee).

101 ha1 domain, which is broadly conserved among bonobo, chimpanzee, and gorilla.

102 telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genomes of human, bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, and Suma

103 telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genomes of human, bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran

104 Primates, specifically bonobo, chimpanzee, orangutan, and human, exhibited pial

105 membrane anchor loss in three clades: human/bonobo/chimpanzee, guinea pig/degu/tuco-tuco/mole rat, a

106 g-term effective population sizes of humans, bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas are, respectively, 10

107 n and its relative contrast with the iris in bonobos, chimpanzees, and humans.

108 The great apes-bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans-are critic

109 nstrated to a sample of nonhuman great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, orangutans; N = 24) how to operate

110 Using direct percussion, language-competent bonobo-chimpanzees Kanzi and Pan-Banisha produced a sign

111 Several chimpanzee and bonobo clades (and even single social groups) have retai

112 verlap and frequent interactions between the bonobo clusters, we identified significant association p

113 lition formation, we reinforce the idea that bonobo coalitions do not serve as a form of group defens

114 Further, bonobo coalitions included both in- and out-group partne

115 24)-to compare rates of male aggression in 3 bonobo communities at the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Dem

116 rmation from 18 chimpanzee communities and 4 bonobo communities studied over five decades.

117 eased attacks on outgroup competitors in the Bonobo condition versus the Chimpanzee condition, sugges

118 , the 9.1-kb+ chromosomes of chimpanzees and bonobos contain a 1030-nucleotide sequence, absent in hu

119 re recent contact (after 200,000 years ago), bonobos contributed less than 1% to the central chimpanz

120 when the prize is easily monopolizable food: bonobos cooperate more than their less socially tolerant

121 Bonobo cooperative attitudes toward in-group members inf

122 Through examining variation in bonobo cooperative behavior, specifically coalition form

123 Bonobos could receive a reward that they had watched bei

124 tions and plasma from chimpanzees; gorillas; bonobos; cynomolgus monkeys; wild-type, apoE(-/-), LDLR(

125 induces positive emotions and may thus bias bonobos' decision making, including foraging or search b

126 anipulated and played more with objects than bonobos, despite similar levels of solitary and social p

127 Given that chimpanzees and bonobos differ markedly in their food-sharing behavior,

128 Chimpanzees and bonobos differ on these traits, leading some to believe

129 and debates on whether the common chimpanzee-bonobo divergence is linked to heterochrony.

130 us Pan; and (iii) the date of the chimpanzee/bonobo divergence.

131 Thus, food sharing in bonobos does not depend on kinship or harassment and sug

132 Nor do chimpanzee and bonobo endocast data support the assertion that delayed

133 cifics,(9)(,)(10)(,)(11)(,)(12) whereas male bonobos exhibit less sexual coercion(13)(,)(14) and no r

134 emales commonly outrank males, we found that bonobos exhibited lower rates of male-female aggression

135 of long-sightedness (presbyopia) in old wild bonobos, exhibited during grooming.

136 the genus Pan, which includes chimpanzee and bonobo, experienced accelerated substitution rates.

137 ht the importance of sexual interactions for bonobo female social relations.

138 Bonobo females frequently form close bonds, which give t

139 dynamics), cluster membership predicted the bonobo fission compositions and the spatial cohesion of

140 th has evolved independently of body size in bonobos for the purposes of signal diminution (i.e., red

141 Despite increased competition, bonobos formed fewer coalitions in the presence of out-g

142 hole genomes of 75 wild-born chimpanzees and bonobos from 10 countries in Africa.

143 Mapping bonobo genetic diversity in space is, however, challengi

144 we describe a fully annotated, high-quality bonobo genome assembly, which was constructed without gu

145 Some pygmy chimpanzees (also called Bonobos) give much simpler patterns of hybridization on

146 in the inferior frontal gyrus of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan brains through direct cyt

147 tween humans and the great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan).

148 ive analyses of six ape species: chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan a

149 , human TEE exceeded that of chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas and orangutans by approximately 400, 6

150 (TEE; kcal day(-1)) in humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to test the hypothesis

151 l as the other closely related "great apes" (bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) express several CD33-

152 inforest-sanctuary-housed apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) with 5 diverse human

153 rily related nonhuman hominids (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), comparative studies

154 ip with humans, non-human apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons, including si

155 esent in humans and chimpanzees, but also in bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons.

156 Alternatively, the bonobo grouping patterns may be homologous to observatio

157 To characterize bonobo grouping patterns, we compare the social structur

158 tion in prey preference between neighbouring bonobo groups that associate and overlap space use.

159 Subjects were two captive bonobo groups, a total of 13 individuals, and two captiv

160 TL2 bonobos harbour P. gaboni, formerly only found in chimpa

161 Because only chimpanzee and bonobo have strict orthologs of all HLA class I, their s

162 vailable that, contrary to expectation, male bonobos have a higher reproductive skew and a stronger r

163 e success depends on strong coalitions, male bonobos have more individualistic reproductive strategie

164 Bonobos have rich, social emotional lives and are known

165 ur closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, have a complex demographic history.

166 ndigenous human populations, consistent with bonobo having experienced narrower population bottleneck

167 n of the assembled genomes of chimpanzee and bonobo highlights that the inversion on chromosome 14 is

168 is a genetic basis to personality, and that bonobos homozygous for shorter RS3 alleles were lower in

169 ivergence with their gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo hosts, suggesting a timescale for their evolution

170 oral observations on 39 adult and adolescent bonobos housed in 5 European zoos to study the role of p

171 himpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are, along with bonobos, humans' closest living relatives.

172 New evidence that neighboring communities of bonobos hunt different prey species, despite extensive o

173 Bonobos indeed flexibly adapted the frequency and speed

174 man affiliative vocalizations, than those of bonobos, indicating a potential derived vocal evolution

175 milar facial morphology; panins (chimpanzees/bonobos), inexperienced social targets, but close geneti

176 t 2 weeks of differentiation, chimpanzee and bonobo iNs showed repetitive action potentials and more

177 human iNs develop slower than chimpanzee and bonobo iNs, and this difference in timing likely depends

178 relatives but almost nothing is known about bonobo internal anatomy.

179 vidence suggest that gene flow occurred from bonobos into the ancestors of central and eastern chimpa

180 However, the bonobo is often overlooked as a candidate model.

181 Surprisingly, the pi value for bonobos is only 0.078%, even somewhat lower than that (0

182 networks obtained by assimilating omic data (BONOBO) is a scalable Bayesian model for deriving indivi

183 We analyzed beckoning in two groups of bonobos, kept under near natural environmental and socia

184 Chimpanzees and bonobos, like humans, drum on instrumental substrates.(2

185 panzees, and in this respect humans are more bonobo-like.

186 g a potential derived vocal evolution in the bonobo lineage.

187 Conversely, bonobos live exclusively in the Democratic Republic of C

188 , in terms of which hormone was affected; in bonobo males the shifts occurred in cortisol, whereas in

189 ology, indicating that hunting techniques in bonobos may be culturally transmitted.

190 eve that the absence of the DupB deletion in bonobos may be partly responsible for these differences,

191 Our study also suggests that bonobos may cease to discriminate between familiar and u

192 ort the idea that elephants, like humans and bonobos, may be self-domesticated.

193 ly intolerant of sharing food, whereas adult bonobos (n = 24) maintained high, juvenile levels of foo

194 In two different tests, we found that bonobos (n = 30) exhibited developmental delays relative

195 at the time of the offspring's conception in bonobos (N = 39 paternities from 4 groups) but not in ch

196 In Experiment 3, we endowed bonobos (N = 4) and orangutans (N = 5) with either one o

197 7 repeats in the gibbon, gorilla, orangutan, bonobo, neanderthal, and human Liat1, respectively, sugg

198 groom slapping) transmitted socially through bonobo networks across six European zoos.

199 The tolerant intergroup relations of bonobos offer an ideal context to explore drivers of beh

200 group distinction and out-group tolerance in bonobos, offering a unique referential model for the evo

201 has genetically divergent subpopulations of bonobos on each side.

202 is of gorilla origin and not of chimpanzee, bonobo or ancient human origin.

203 We defined polymorphism of Papa-B, the bonobo ortholog of HLA-B, for six wild bonobo population

204 Papa-B, the bonobo ortholog of HLA-B, includes variants having a B*5

205 Bonobos, our closest living relatives together with chim

206 the X and Y chromosomes for five great apes (bonobo (Pan paniscus), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), wes

207 eferences of our more tolerant relative, the bonobo (Pan paniscus), have never been studied experimen

208 iments we demonstrate that semi-free ranging bonobos (Pan paniscus) - both juveniles and young adults

209 We conducted five experiments with bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

210 munication of our closest primate relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

211 ession look to our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

212 occurred among our closest living relatives: bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

213 The two closest living relatives of humans, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

214 nt of socio-emotional competence in juvenile bonobos (Pan paniscus) at a sanctuary in the Democratic

215 Laverania parasites infect bonobos (Pan paniscus) at only one (TL2) of many sites s

216 Sexual behaviour in bonobos (Pan paniscus) functions beyond mere reproductio

217 We also screened bonobos (Pan paniscus) in the DRC, a species not previou

218 e present data on the body composition of 13 bonobos (Pan paniscus) measured during anatomical dissec

219 vations of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) provide valuable comparative data

220 this study, we experimentally tested whether bonobos (Pan paniscus), a close relative to humans, are

221 eights for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), addressing potential call variat

222 ification in the lineages leading to humans, bonobos (Pan paniscus), and chimpanzees (P. troglodytes)

223 relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), exhibit notable constraints on t

224 ing, coalition, and food-sharing patterns in bonobos (Pan paniscus), one of our closest living relati

225 This is the case for bonobos (Pan paniscus), which, together with chimpanzees

226 relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), with a dyadic food competition a

227 relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus).

228 en humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus).

229 ot in eastern gorillas (Gorilla beringei) or bonobos (Pan paniscus).

230 us), 14 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and 4 bonobos (Pan paniscus).

231 s macaques (Macaca mulatta), chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan troglodytes and Pan paniscus).

232 Pan troglodytes, and the pygmy chimpanzee or bonobo, Pan paniscus.

233 Here we show that bonobos, Pan paniscus, demonstrate reliable vocal recogn

234 We identified bonobo personality dimensions using behavioral measures

235 ies widespread in chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos places the origin of Plasmodium malariae in Afri

236 Thus, the geographic restriction of bonobo Plasmodium reflects still unidentified factors th

237 be explained by parasite seasonality, nor by bonobo population structure, diet or gut microbiota.

238 Bonobo populations have 3-14 Papa-B allotypes.

239 , the bonobo ortholog of HLA-B, for six wild bonobo populations.

240 the common ancestor with the chimpanzee and bonobo, potentially affecting recognition by a variety o

241 because they challenge the view that female bonobos' preferences for less aggressive males favored a

242 zing food or actively sharing: we found that bonobos preferred to release a recipient from an adjacen

243 Gorillas and chimpanzees/bonobos present generally low and high MSY diversity, re

244 Bonobos provide insight into the origins of partner-spec

245 Notably, chimpanzees, and in particular bonobos, provide a remarkable case of evolutionary stasi

246 The divergence of chimpanzee and bonobo provides one of the few examples of recent homini

247 e within groups, it is unclear whether these bonobos really do belong to separate groups.

248 on in 3 bonobo communities at the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo, and 2 chim

249 We experimentally tested bonobos' responses to the calls of previous group member

250 e self-domesticated besides humans so far is bonobos, resulting in a narrow scope for investigating t

251 ng newly generated MAGs from chimpanzees and bonobos, revealed significant co-diversification within

252 Finally, we found that chimpanzee and bonobo SAMD9Ls have enhanced anti-HIV-1 functions compar

253 In contrast, none of the 543 bonobo samples from six sites was antibody positive.

254 nmental and social conditions at the Lola Ya Bonobo sanctuary near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of C

255 Like humans, bonobos' sclerae are lighter relative to the color of th

256 thesis is that some species, like humans and bonobos, "self-domesticated" and have been under selecti

257 ison of our haplogroups to two chimp and one bonobo sequences, and assuming a chimp-human coalescent

258 g non-conceptive periods, such as humans and bonobos, sexual intercourse is known to be pleasurable f

259 Chimpanzees and bonobos show different cooperative tendencies when the p

260 Humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos show the highest rates of Alu accumulation--the

261 Moreover, bonobos showed greater flexibility in this regard than c

262 e present study, we investigated (i) whether bonobos, similar to humans, have an attentional bias tow

263 o split c.2 Ma there have been no changes in bonobos, so with respect to HN-FL musculature bonobos ar

264 A deeper understanding of bonobo social systems allows us to reevaluate the precon

265 ive and affiliative behaviors are pivotal in bonobo society and therefore attract immediate attention

266 Moreover, since the common chimpanzee-bonobo split c.2 Ma there have been no changes in bonobo

267 th children and Pan species (chimpanzees and bonobos) spontaneously used relational similarity, albei

268 In bonobos, strong bonds have been documented between unrel

269 Here, pairs of chimpanzees or bonobos (Study 1) and 4-year-old children (Study 2) were

270 results highlight the need to attend to the bonobo substructure, both in terms of research and conse

271 ven by other evolutionary adaptive traits of bonobos, such as their strong attraction to infants and

272 A new study has found that bonobos take longer to reach adult levels of two behavio

273 e of mothers (and females more generally) in bonobo than chimpanzee societies.

274 during iNs maturation in the chimpanzee and bonobo than the human cells.

275 of coalition formation are lower, among male bonobos than among male chimpanzees.

276 d higher rates of male-male aggression among bonobos than chimpanzees even when limiting analyses to

277 of male reproductive skew should be lower in bonobos than in chimpanzees [1].

278 d to the evolution of shorter vocal folds in bonobos than in chimpanzees.

279 icantly higher on the NRY of chimpanzees and bonobos than on the human NRY.

280 undescribed human-like beckoning gesture in bonobos that has potentially both deictic and iconic cha

281 We gave unrelated bonobos the choice of either monopolizing food or active

282 alyze the exomes and mtDNA from 20 wild-born bonobos, the whole genomes of 10 captive bonobos, and th

283 ions according to affective content, but not bonobo threat vocalizations nor any macaque vocalization

284 t, in our other closest living relative, the bonobo, tolerant between-group associations are observed

285 external and middle ears of chimpanzees and bonobos transfer sound better than human ones in the fre

286 chimpanzees are renowned for their tool use, bonobos use few tools and none in foraging.

287 udy in humans and another in chimpanzees and bonobos, using 50 DNA segments randomly chosen from the

288 l and middle ears of humans, chimpanzees and bonobos, using laser-Doppler vibrometry and finite eleme

289 mpositionality is a prominent feature of the bonobo vocal system, revealing stronger parallels with h

290 lyses revealed that agonistic chimpanzee and bonobo vocalizations were similarly distant from agonist

291 Bonobos voluntarily aided an unfamiliar, non-group membe

292 ased divergence time between chimpanzees and bonobos was estimated at approximately 1.8 million years

293 7, and GRCh38, as well as the chimpanzee and bonobo, we show that hundreds of megabases of sequence a

294 To explore the TTS in wild bonobos, we investigated physiological changes in urinar

295 Bonobos were also more likely to show alarm and other fe

296 duplications remains significantly higher in bonobos, Western chimpanzees, and Sumatran orangutans-po

297 ntense in male-dominated chimpanzees than in bonobos, where the highest-ranking individuals are femal

298 relationship compatibility was found between bonobos with similar Activity scores.

299 mpare the social structure of the Kokolopori bonobos with the chimpanzee group of Ngogo.

300 ne coexpression with the prior distribution, BONOBO yields a closed-form solution for the posterior d