ライフサイエンスコーパス: boundary layer

1 es may be present (e.g., the polluted marine boundary layer).

2 ns of multiphase DMS chemistry in the marine boundary layer.

3 vertical vorticity generation in the bottom boundary layer.

4 sible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer.

5 ng the dominant Cl atom source in the Arctic boundary layer.

6 cesses could also be important in the marine boundary layer.

7 tion of convective clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer.

8 biomechanical stabilization of the lubricin boundary layer.

9 concentration in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer.

10 ant abiotic source of isoprene in the marine boundary layer.

11 peting sink is deposition on surfaces in the boundary layer.

12 volcanoes are derived from within the upper boundary layer.

13 round and aerosol surfaces in the well-mixed boundary layer.

14 round and aerosol surfaces in the well-mixed boundary layer.

15 d how turbines interact with the atmospheric boundary layer.

16 rd and enhance mixing across the coral-water boundary layer.

17 eflected horizontally beneath the moving top boundary layer.

18 s of the PAHs and the thickness of the water boundary layer.

19 mata), canopy air space, and the atmospheric boundary layer.

20 -thirds of the total column above the marine boundary layer.

21 icle nucleation events in the coastal marine boundary layer.

22 chlorine atom sources in the polluted marine boundary layer.

23 e pollutants, enhancing the flux through the boundary layer.

24 reducing the thickness of the mass transfer boundary layer.

25 d as cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer.

26 rge downstream to become the fully turbulent boundary layer.

27 d outer core, overlain by a partially molten boundary layer.

28 ls of ClNO(2) in the polluted coastal marine boundary layer.

29 e and iodine monoxide in the tropical marine boundary layer.

30 magnetosheath, may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer.

31 al ozone loss in the tropical Atlantic Ocean boundary layer.

32 imethyl sulfide and mercury in the Antarctic boundary layer.

33 slab laterally displacing a thin hot thermal boundary layer.

34 he vapor pressure deficit of the atmospheric boundary layer.

35 hat of O(2) , across the roots and diffusive boundary layer.

36 , on the solute concentration profile in the boundary layer.

37 ls in remote environments such as the marine boundary layer.

38 he diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer.

39 mal effects from biofouling or the diffusive boundary layer.

40 erromagnet (FM) and the proximity-induced FM boundary layer.

41 mineral-fluid interface within a thin fluid boundary layer.

42 mportant source of nitrite across marine OMZ boundary layers.

43 l dissipation and mixing outside the oceanic boundary layers.

44 the majority of the lower mantle except the boundary layers.

45 s and related processes across environmental boundary layers.

46 ance mass transfer of HOCs through diffusive boundary layers.

47 often rate-limited by diffusion in stagnant boundary layers.

48 e component is required to sustain such thin boundary layers.

49 e basis of the competition between these two boundary layers.

50 thermal (non-rotating) and Ekman (rotating) boundary layers.

51 fices that direct fluid flow into controlled boundary layers.

52 ed ozone loss occurs mostly above the marine boundary layer (34%), in the transition layer (40%) and

53 convection induced inside the concentration boundary layer, a highly inhomogeneous magnetic field, g

54 ly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic

55 or, and a cooling highly conductive but thin boundary layer above the core.

56 were used to estimate an apparent diffusive boundary layer (ADBL) thickness at the gel-solution inte

57 on, the solution composition within the thin boundary layer adjacent to the electrode|solution interf

58 model experiments simulate the transport of boundary layer aerosols from South Asian countries to hi

59 n, affect the formation and growth of marine boundary layer aerosols, being involved in primary and s

60 rystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols.

61 It has long been recognized that diffusive boundary layers affect the determination of active trans

62 Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-bre

63 r column data exhibit both basal and benthic boundary layers, along with evidence of tidally modulate

64 om aerosol uptake of N(2)O(5) throughout the boundary layer and a HONO source from dry deposition of

65 ond law applied through an aqueous diffusive boundary layer and a polyethylene layer.

66 inversion, the transect comprised the marine boundary layer and free troposphere.

67 e likelihood of virions traversing the mucus boundary layer and infecting cells in the epithelium.

68 ric ozone loss occurs in the tropical marine boundary layer and is thought to be driven primarily by

69 mmonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electric

70 s a vertical vortex motion in the atmosphere boundary layer and often occurs in hot desert regions, e

71 e that fish scales can stabilize the laminar boundary layer and prevent it from early transition, red

72 significant dependence on height within the boundary layer and residual layer, although individual v

73 Turbulent transport of SO2 to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent diffusion across stomatal

74 nce and implication for this region's marine boundary layer and the clouds that overtop it is that it

75 he atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth o

76 y explain HONO accumulation in the nocturnal boundary layer and the enhanced [HONO]/[NO2] ratios obse

77 fusion of vapors through a stagnant air-side boundary layer and the PSM pores, and the reversible sor

78 d that sources of these nuclei to the marine boundary layer and the response of clouds to changes in

79 We combined height of the planetary boundary layer and wind speed, which affect concentratio

80 ransport of the chemical across the air-side boundary layer and within the sampler medium, which is s

81 or the larger colonies flagellar stirring of boundary layers and remote transport are fundamental for

82 increasing air turbulence and height of the boundary layer, and affecting local winds.

83 pulation of particles in the pristine Amazon boundary layer, and may therefore influence cloud proper

84 ed by biogenic emissions, the polluted urban boundary layer, and polar regions.

85 nges in oxygen levels in the coral diffusive boundary layer, and the importance of fermentative metab

86 flux of moist-entropy through the top of the boundary layer, and the radial eddy flux of moist-entrop

87 based on parametrized paracellular, aqueous boundary layer, and transcellular permeabilities, and th

88 erature, significantly shallower atmospheric boundary layer, and weaker winds lead to stagnant condit

89 how that nucleation rates in the atmospheric boundary layer are positively correlated with concentrat

90 , zero-pressure gradient, smooth, flat-plate boundary layer are presented here.

91 phology of the microjet and the hydrodynamic boundary layer are shown to be highly sensitive to the v

92 tion rate of reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer are strongly impacted by reactions occurr

93 ated ClNO2 mixing ratios found in the marine boundary layer are sustained primarily by N2O5 reactions

94 ibrated in the gas phase where concentration boundary layers are absent.

95 beginning of the development of the deposit, boundary layers are formed at the boundaries of the low-

96 by the RDE, both diffusion and hydrodynamic boundary layers are formed.

97 ooted(5), and reservoirs in other, shallower boundary layers are likely to participate in magma gener

98 of cold and hot walls, in particular in the boundary layers, are found to be strain rate-dominated a

99 We develop a simple model that considers the boundary layer as quasi-steady, and is able to capture t

100 methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls.

101 is diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer; as such, the overcoated PDMS does not af

102 ditions that maintain the quasi-steady-state boundary layer assumption.

103 chemistry of NOx and O3 in the remote marine boundary layer at Cape Verde.

104 al radioactive sulfate present at the marine boundary layer at Fukushima reached Southern California

105 5)SO(2-)(4), the concentration in the marine boundary layer at Fukushima, was approximately 2 x 10(5)

106 the age basis of the supposed Younger Dryas boundary layer at the 29 sites and regions in North and

107 ution-precipitation process that occurs in a boundary layer at the calcite surface can sequester Sb a

108 del of Fickian diffusion across a thin water boundary layer at the sediment-water interface was used

109 stals grew from thin (micron scale) chemical boundary layers at the fluid-crystal interfaces.

110 n is constrained by thin thermal and viscous boundary layers at the heated and cooled boundaries of t

111 OC) facilitated transport across the benthic boundary layer (BBL).

112 microelectrode revealed a broader diffusion boundary layer between bulk and biofilm surface in the P

113 f the sea surface microlayer (SML), i.e. the boundary layer between the air and the sea, and its impa

114 The boundary layer between the crystalline silicate lower ma

115 s the chemical processing that occurs in the boundary layers between diffuse and dense interstellar c

116 tterns reveal two diamond allotropes in this boundary layer but not above or below that interval.

117 o those prevailing in the daytime convective boundary layer, but we found that Lagrangian stochastic

118 varying amounts of PL being sequestered in a boundary layer by interaction with apoA-I at the disc ed

119 We simulate the atmospheric boundary layer by numerical models of turbulent convecti

120 dynamics is broadly analogous to that in the boundary layer bypass transition and in the secondary in

121 This ability of corals to stir their boundary layer changes the way that we perceive the micr

122 process, allowing the effects of eCA on cell boundary-layer chemistry to be assessed.

123 te-based observations, we find that abundant boundary layer clouds are associated with low lead flux

124 ated with low lead flux periods, while fewer boundary layer clouds are observed for high lead flux pe

125 igh lead concentrations tend to produce more boundary layer clouds.

126 Marine boundary-layer clouds polluted by aerosol particles, how

127 py and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari.

128 es and appeared to be less influenced by the boundary layer compared to that of polar organic chemica

129 re of microbial communities from the benthic boundary layer concurrent with imaging provides possible

130 om 1.0 to 3.2 (neutral to stable atmospheric boundary layer conditions).

131 trogen oxides at midday under typical marine boundary layer conditions.

132 between wind-driven landscape evolution and boundary layer conditions.

133 ggest that one parameter linking the laminar boundary layer conductance to the Schmidt number depends

134 frost, because of the effect of leaf size on boundary layer conductance; it is less clear what advant

135 ound and from aircraft, including the marine boundary layer, continental low-NO(x) regions influenced

136 the inflow magnitude and radial location of boundary layer convergence relative to the radius of max

137 Diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness had less effect on the o-

138 and static conditions, the in situ diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness ranged from 0.023 to 0.07

139 ed measurements indicated that the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) was approximately 0.40 mm in thickn

140 effective area and the appropriate diffusive boundary layer (DBL) were used.

141 iffusion is also propagated to the diffusive boundary layer (DBL), where it leads to a slightly stron

142 on a per mum(2) basis, likely due to distal boundary layer depletion of platelets.

143 platelets was limited to the thrombus and a boundary layer downstream, thus restricting thrombus gro

144 one are rapidly removed from the atmospheric boundary layer during depletion events in the Arctic, ca

145 ansported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation events by strong con

146 i-enclosed air basin with a unique planetary boundary layer dynamic.

147 piration rates with effects on the planetary boundary layer dynamics through the partitioning between

148 olerance to drought but a limited control on boundary layer dynamics.

149 Tmax s using a thermal dry bath to eliminate boundary layer effects: body size correlations observed

150 om a lower converted and reduced bond strain boundary layer encapsulating each particle, whilst at la

151 are variously submerged in these superheated boundary layer environments.

152 present an additional sink for amines in the boundary layer, especially at night when the gas-phase r

153 n situ observations during the Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE).

154 orest and pasture sites during the Rondonian Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE-3) elucidate the physica

155 hear-driven melt extraction from the surface boundary layer explains volcanic provinces such as Yello

156 by molecular diffusion through an unstirred boundary layer extending 1-2 mm from the coral surface,

157 Unlike in the planetary boundary layer, few observations of NPF in the free trop

158 ration, species and thermal dissemination on boundary layer flow (BLF) of Casson liquid over a linear

159 Furthermore, a complex boundary layer flow structure was determined, indicating

160 tructure directly correlates to the observed boundary layer flow.

161 otivate a mathematical model that links such boundary-layer flows to the shape evolution of the solid

162 the base of the mantle is also a mechanical boundary layer for mantle convection.

163 ate anemophilous pollen grains, and unsteady boundary-layer forces produced by wind gusts are found t

164 of the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) and the boundary layer forecast and air pollution transport mode

165 me flow rate, with a collimated jet and thin boundary layer formed at the faster flow rates (approxim

166 ounced near the inlet where larger diffusive boundary layers formed around grains and in slow-flowing

167 h layer is consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary layer found at numerous sites across North Amer

168 For the planetary boundary layer, global simulations indicate that SOA are

169 serve that fluid acceleration suppresses the boundary layer growth, which indicates there may be opti

170 tion on the composition of the remote marine boundary layer has been determined by implementing these

171 que in well-stirred solutions, the diffusive boundary layer has generally been ignored on the assumpt

172 Because this boundary layer has the potential to behave as a lubrican

173 Results show that decreases in planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) resulting from the radiativ

174 g/volatilization of BrC and/or due to rising boundary layer height.

175 At the same time, maximum boundary layer heights are reduced by about a third of t

176 in daily maximum temperatures, daily maximum boundary layer heights, and ventilation coefficients thr

177 than, that of particles present in the urban boundary layer; however, it is largely overlooked as a s

178 ittle ecology is understood above the flight boundary layer (i.e. >10 m) where in north-west Europe a

179 lection-absorption spectrum of the diffusion boundary layer in [Fe(CN)(6)](4)(-) aqueous solutions ov

180 existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of

181 ncreases the calcium concentration in a thin boundary layer in contact with the surface, allowing the

182 A field campaign at the Marine Boundary Layer in Roscoff (in the northwest of France, 4

183 The presence of a relatively large boundary layer in smaller discoidal HDL promotes prefere

184 e changes have produced the most distinctive boundary layer in the late Quaternary record.

185 radial eddy flux of moist-entropy within the boundary layer in the upshear left-quadrant of Lehar (40

186 ly unrecognised role played by compositional boundary layers in promoting unmixing around growing cry

187 f particle concentrations in the continental boundary layer, in good agreement with observations.

188 cted concentrations of the components in the boundary layers indicate the start of a new cycle every

189 port in the free troposphere over the marine boundary layer into Nevada.

190 We report year-round measurements of boundary layer iodine oxide and bromine oxide at the nea

191 ve sampling rates (PSRs) unless the air-side boundary layer is assumed to be extremely thick (i.e., r

192 at the rate of energy dissipation within the boundary layer is enhanced by one to two orders of magni

193 ort of U(VI) from the bulk solution across a boundary layer is followed by enzymatic reduction.

194 ave suggested that turbulence in the benthic boundary layer is important for aggregate formation and

195 n the laminar-to-turbulent transition in the boundary layer is investigated.

196 nditions where diffusion through the aqueous boundary layer is rate-determining.

197 The resulting boundary layer is stratified in contrast to the classica

198 depletion and acidification of the membrane/boundary layer is sufficient to activate the light-sensi

199 ing has long been thought to take place in a boundary layer known as the tachocline between the radia

200 past two decades, observations in the marine boundary layer, laboratory studies and modelling efforts

201 remove the bottom of the continental thermal boundary layer lithosphere from adjacent continental mar

202 d acetaldehyde in the tropical remote marine boundary layer made between October 2006 and September 2

203 ents of aerosol sulfate in a polluted marine boundary layer (MBL) and primary sulfate (p-SO(4)) sampl

204 chemical composition of the tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) are rare, despite its crucial role

205 een determined and has been used in a marine boundary layer (MBL) box model to determine the enhancem

206 The oxidation of DMS in the marine boundary layer (MBL), via the hydrogen abstraction pathw

207 s and significant O3 reduction in the marine boundary layer (MBL).

208 dimension reduces both momentum and thermal boundary layers, meanwhile extends the time duration for

209 The ocean surface boundary layer mediates air-sea exchange.

210 Finally, a boundary layer method for numerical calculation of the c

211 Planetary boundary layer modelling is used to estimate the potenti

212 Conversely, when the azimuthal variations in boundary layer moist-entropy, inflow, and convection are

213 aritime Continent, which in turn strengthens boundary layer moisture convergence (BLMC) to the east o

214 is analogous to the secondary instability of boundary-layer natural transition, namely a spanwise vor

215 Movement in the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) presents very different challenges

216 The size of the crowded boundary layer near the overlap ends is also dependent o

217 per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates.

218 ve on previous simulations that overestimate boundary layer nucleation in the tropics and add changes

219 nutrient uptake and show that it generates a boundary layer of concentration of the diffusing solute.

220 STF is expressed at the adaxial-abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and governs organizatio

221 the air vortex can reach beyond the laminar boundary layer of leaves, which would enable the long-di

222 ath ocean basins separates the upper thermal boundary layer of rigid, conductively cooling plates fro

223 Once an odorant arrives at the boundary layer of the antenna, odor transduction can occ

224 ither choice of boundary condition have thin boundary layers of depth E(1/2), where E is the Ekman nu

225 n the inner layer of the developed turbulent boundary layer, of what we call turbulent-turbulent spot

226 N (SSA) and local wind speeds in the marine boundary layer on hourly timescales, but this relationsh

227 which requires careful tuning of the viscous boundary layer on the moving plate.

228 monly observed in the atmospheric convective boundary layer on warm, sunny days.

229 pends on mass transfer, either in an aqueous boundary layer or by intraparticle diffusion.

230 Numerical solutions of renovated boundary layer ordinary differential equations (ODEs) ar

231 on of water of combustion in the atmospheric boundary layer over Salt Lake City.

232 We demonstrate that the atmospheric boundary layer over the forested areas is more unstable

233 rface, surface air temperature and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height.

234 Simulation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is key for forecasting air quality

235 eatures in forcing the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL).

236 ter vapour accumulate in a shallow planetary boundary layer (PBL).

237 In the surrounding boundary layer plasma, ion- and electron-scale turbulenc

238 ion of hydrogen-helium immiscibility and the boundary-layer pressure in standard models of the intern

239 e conditions in CNTL run limit the evolution boundary layer processes and thereby failed to simulate

240 quantitatively and attributed to the fluidic boundary-layer reduction owing to the liquid convection.

241 the traditional O(1D) + H2O reaction in the boundary-layer region for high solar zenith angles.

242 into cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon boundary layer remains unclear.

243 oelectrode recordings in the coral diffusive boundary layer revealed hyperoxia during daytime and hyp

244 nitude larger than can be explained based on boundary layer scattering effects.

245 We conducted bacterial profiling of boundary layer shipboard aerosol samples obtained during

246 allow circulations and the precise timing of boundary-layer stratification and destratification.

247 n fences, which fundamentally transforms the boundary layer structures and imparts significantly high

248 e of multiphase flows as well as unfavorable boundary layer structures.

249 ead in a mineral that is stable only in this boundary layer, such as K-hollandite(9,10).

250 erosol concentrations typical of the coastal boundary layer suggests a I(2) mixing ratio range of 6-9

251 O3(-)) is an abundant component of aerosols, boundary layer surface films, and surface water.

252 via the kinetic resistance posed by the air boundary layer surrounding the PSM because that layer wa

253 Boundary layer temperatures are likely key to predicting

254 vective updrafts and diabatic heating in the boundary layer that contributed to low level positive po

255 ctrolyte convection inside the concentration boundary layer that correlates to the deposited structur

256 ion is dominated by skin friction due to the boundary layer that forms in the fluid beneath the body.

257 mple, if the lithosphere is simply a thermal boundary layer that is more rigid owing to colder temper

258 bottleneck is thought to be lifted once the boundary layers themselves become fully turbulent at ver

259 ns show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surfa

260 mi-empirical models are used to estimate the boundary layer thickness (BLT) and concentration polariz

261 by the paracellular route, (ii) the aqueous boundary layer thickness in the intestinal perfusion exp

262 At Earth-like values of viscosity, the boundary layer thickness is approximately 1 m, for eithe

263 n biofilm can be significantly biased if the boundary layer thickness is not accurately estimated.

264 ficients, thick polyethylene relative to the boundary layer thickness, and/or short exposure times.

265 s jet exit velocity, total pressure drop and boundary layer thickness, since these all factor in to j

266 nt diffusion coefficient excluding Sephadex, boundary layer thicknesses excluding silica, sensitivity

267 contact of the air masses with the planetary boundary layer; this is related to the time needed for o

268 and the atmospheric chemistry of the marine boundary layer through physicochemical processes at and

269 NO2-to-nitrite conversion in the atmospheric boundary layer throughout the day, while amphoteric mine

270 the depth of focus to overlap the diffusion boundary layer to achieve maximum detection sensitivity.

271 y upon high levels of TKE in the atmospheric boundary layer to increase flight distances and maintain

272 ion between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer to infer daily evapotranspiration from hi

273 We sampled air in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer to quantify, for the first time, atmosphe

274 and suggest that an abrupt transition of the boundary layer to turbulence does not take place.

275 d total nitrogen, sedimentology, and benthic boundary layer turbidity, all appear to be consistent wi

276 In the overlying urban boundary layer (UBL), ambient temperature and PM2.5 vari

277 During springtime, the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer undergoes frequent rapid depletions in oz

278 the HDO/H(2)O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres.

279 nment in the convecting mantle, storage in a boundary layer, upwelling as a mantle plume and partial

280 nsects in the daytime convective atmospheric boundary layer using vertical-looking entomological rada

281 Our estimates suggest that up to 13% of the boundary layer vapor during the period of study was deri

282 tions of methylated Hg species in the marine boundary layer varied significantly among our sites, wit

283 t with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlay

284 acid and nitrogen oxides in the clean marine boundary layer via particulate nitrate photolysis.

285 ely caused by nucleation in the polar marine boundary layer was quantified annually as 18%, with a pe

286 Our geodynamic models suggest that this boundary layer was sampled by disturbances related to ma

287 ous acid (HONO) accumulates in the nocturnal boundary layer where it is an important source of daytim

288 iodine chemistry in the open ocean tropical boundary layer, which incorporates these experimental re

289 ated shallow convection in the stable Arctic boundary layer, which mixes Hg(0) and ozone from undeple

290 gest that galectin-3 reinforces the lubricin boundary layer; which, in turn, enhances cartilage lubri

291 ity core develops a thick insulating surface boundary layer with a thermal maximum, a subadiabatic in

292 ile collected resulted in observation of the boundary layer with elevated CO(2) levels, a region in t

293 tical predictions that assumed a surface-air boundary layer with equilibrium partitioning maintained

294 y as a function of thinning of the diffusive boundary layer with increased velocity.

295 ng downstream of a sill in a well-stratified boundary layer, with mixing levels remaining of the orde

296 t component of the water budget of the urban boundary layer, with potential implications for urban cl

297 x state encircled by a counter-rotating cell boundary layer, with spiral cell orientation within the

298 to the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the cha

299 H), Syria, the 12,800-year-old Younger Dryas boundary layer (YDB) contains peak abundances in meltgla

300 Multiple airbursts/impacts produced the YD boundary layer (YDB), depositing peak concentrations of