ライフサイエンスコーパス: cal

1 ol(-1), DeltaS(double dagger) = -6.5 +/- 2.0 cal mol(-1) K(-1), DeltaG(double dagger)(298) = 11.9 +/-

2 ation is small but negative (DeltaS() = -3.0 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), while there is almost a 2-fold diffe

3 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(++) = -25.4 +/- 5.0 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

4 avity will not typically be greater than 7.0 cal/mol/K per water molecule, corresponding to a contrib

5 es from approximately -15 to approximately 0 cal/mol x K as a function of the nature and concentratio

6 ) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -32.0 (+/-5.0) cal.mol(-1).K(-1) for the reaction of (Ph3P)Au-Si(t-Bu)P

7 rbon-dated from approximately 4,200 to 1,000 cal BP (Late Holocene).

8 the west coast, arrived approximately 10,000 cal YBP in Labrador and ca. 6,000 cal YBP in Newfoundlan

9 favored forest development after ca. 10,000 cal years B.P.

10 and traversable corridor by at least 13,000 cal y BP, just before the first appearance of Clovis tec

11 rly 60 mug Hg m(-2) yr(-1) ca. 13,000-14,000 cal years BP, declined sharply during the Younger Dryas,

12 f Hg (and Fe) increased rapidly about 16,000 cal years BP, peaked at nearly 60 mug Hg m(-2) yr(-1) ca

13 outheastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal.

14 cave by H. sapiens, which extends to 34,000 cal BP.

15 that climatic change between 3,000 and 4,000 cal year bp induced a disequilibrium between montane rai

16 and Northwest Europe between 8,000 and 4,000 cal.

17 mpanian Ignimbrite volcanic eruption (40,000 cal BP) and the beginning of HE4, artifact assemblages a

18 Heinrich Event 4 (HE4) (approximately 40,000 cal BP).

19 te to this time period (approximately 42,000 cal BP) but are not associated with artifacts.

20 Between 45,000 cal years BP and the beginning of the Holocene, the accu

21 ular consumption of maize by ~6,500 to 6,000 cal B.P. and its earliest use as a staple food in this a

22 ely 10,000 cal YBP in Labrador and ca. 6,000 cal YBP in Newfoundland [2, 3].

23 y of farming rapidly extended north at 6,000 cal.

24 dden increase in summer temperature at 6,000 cal.

25 ety does not appear in the north until 6,000 cal.

26 ant grain to South America by at least 7,000 cal.

27 epo) cultivation appearing as early as 8,000 cal B.C. followed by many other plants, such as maize (Z

28 and 5, spanning 8,200 to approximately 9,000 cal B.C., associate with round-house architecture and ar

29 uncatalyzed lyase reaction (-15.77 +/- 0.02 cal/(mol K)) documented here.

30 n in deposits dating between 4,340 and 4,020 cal B.P., and again between 2,350 and 980 cal B.P.

31 BP, 44,200-42,350 cal BP, and 54,400-46,050 cal BP (all at the 95.4% confidence level).

32 Ru(II)(acac)(2)(py-imH) + TEMPO, 4.9 +/- 1.1 cal mol(-1) K(-1), as reported earlier.

33 al/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -22 +/- 1 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), which subsequently isomerizes to (et

34 0.2 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(on)(++) = -24 +/- 1 cal mol(-1) K(-1); MesCN: DeltaH(on)(++) = 5.0 +/- 0.3 k

35 0.3 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(on)(++) = -26 +/- 1 cal mol(-1) K(-1)).

36 of 61 +/- 6 cal/(mol.K) (relative to 7 +/- 1 cal/(mol.K) in solution).

37 ) kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(double dagger) = 1(1) cal mol(-1) K(-1) and DeltaG(298)(double dagger) = 18.5(

38 5 kcal mol(-1)), entropy (DeltaS(m)=150+/-10 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), and average cooperative melting unit

39 carboxylation of OMP are 3.6 kcal/mol and 10 cal K(-1) mol(-1) more positive, respectively, for MtOMP

40 . kyr bp, and boreal forest approximately 10 cal. kyr bp.

41 s were found in substratum 4k (10,900-10,100 cal B.P.).

42 oundary or YDB (approximately 12,900 +/- 100 cal BP or 10,900 +/- 100 (14)C years).

43 orth America at approximately 12,900 +/- 100 cal BP.

44 ndent radiocarbon date between 2,440 and 100 cal BP, from two ancestral Ohlone sites in Central Calif

45 recommend that children consume </=25 g (100 cal or approximately 6 teaspoons) of added sugars per da

46 Gibbs free energy of unfolding of g(nu) ~100 cal/mol per amino acid.

47 mazon coast) dated between ca. 1800 and 1000 cal BP and associated with distinct ceramic traditions.

48 ese lakes during the past 12 ka (1 ka = 1000 cal yr BP).

49 By 17.38 +/- 0.12 cal ka BP, the glacier margin had receded into a deepeni

50 that accelerated retreat from 17.77 +/- 0.13 cal ka BP represents a lagged Southern Hemisphere respon

51 r heat capacity (DeltaC(p) approximately 138 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) that suggests bonding at the protein-

52 he onset of glacier retreat at 18.0 +/- 0.14 cal ka BP to abrupt southward migration of the Southern

53 y DeltaS(double dagger) of approximately -15 cal/mol x K for the edge interconversion process, compat

54 hen Europeans, who settled approximately 150 cal y ago, used fire as a tool for forest clearance, but

55 e individuals from Rathlin Island (2026-1534 cal BC), including one high coverage (10.5x) genome, sho

56 d have an entropy change of approximately 17 cal/(Kmol), whereas the B-to-S transition is nonhysteret

57 tication context approximately 11,300-11,175 cal B.P., which support recent arguments for the deliber

58 nge coupling, J/k approximately -0.1 K ~ 0.2 cal mol(-1), between the S = 2 tetraradicals.

59 d lyase reaction (DeltaS(++) = -24.3 +/- 0.2 cal/(mol K)) is larger than that of the uncatalyzed lyas

60 of -8000 +/- 300 cal/mol and DeltaS of -15.2 cal/mol/degree at 283 K), involves a single binding site

61 0.4 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(++)(k1) = -18 +/- 2 cal mol(-1) K(-1), and DeltaH(++)(k2) = 11.1 +/- 0.2 kca

62 l, and DeltaS(double dagger) = -35.0 +/- 2.2 cal K(-1) mol(-1); and the temperature range 288-308 K f

63 /- 0.99 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++) = -24.8 +/- 3.2 cal/(mol K)), giving k(abs) at 25 degrees C of (2.5 +/-

64 negative than the DeltaS(o)(HAT) = -30 +/- 2 cal mol(-1) K(-1) for the two iron complexes and the Del

65 6 kcal mol-1, and DeltaS degrees = -30 +/- 2 cal mol-1 K-1.

66 ntropy for hydrogen atom transfer, -41 +/- 2 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

67 kcal/mol, and DeltaS degrees = -55.9 +/- 5.2 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) species.

68 r 8 and 13.8 kcal/mol (DeltaS = -6.6 +/- 6.2 cal mol(-1) K(-1); DeltaH = 11.8 +/- 1.8 kcal/mol) for 9

69 -0.8 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, DeltaS() = -72 +/- 2 cal/(mol.K)) indicate that the cleavage of strong N-H bo

70 10.6 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol, and DeltaS = 9 +/- 2 cal mol(-1) degrees C(-1).

71 nd has an entropy change of approximately -2 cal/(Kmol).

72 l mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -13(2) cal K(-1).

73 ion analysis PLSR models were developed; R(2)cal were 0.99 for magnesium and potassium and 0.97 for a

74 y began only ~15,935 +/- 75 to 15,130 +/- 20 cal yr B.P., suggesting that our estimation of ~16,560 t

75 f DeltaH) is large and negative (-210 +/- 20 cal K(-1) mol(-1)), indicating a large hydrophobic contr

76 ition, we determined DeltaS approximately 20 cal/(K.mol) and DeltaH approximately 7 kcal/mol.

77 ve manipulation by humans by or before 8,200 cal B.C.

78 moukar, Tell Brak and Tell Leilan (6500-2000 cal bc), we reveal that labour-intensive practices such

79 stablish the presence of maize there by 2100 cal. B.C. (calibrated calendrical years before the Chris

80 e (unfavorable interaction free energy, +211 cal mol(-1)m(-1) for the potassium salt), an ion that mi

81 xistence of a thriving peatland at 2700-2150 cal.

82 peat accumulation ( 0.1 cm/year) until 2150 cal.

83 taCp) for this interaction changes from -220 cal mol-1 K-1 in the wild-type enzyme to -580 cal mol-1

84 s agricultural activity intensified ca. 2200 cal.

85 nal entropy, DeltaSconf, of approximately 23 cal mol(-1) K(-1) per nucleotide, which signifies libera

86 overages by a large positive entropy (>or=23 cal K(-)(1) mol(-)(1)), which may be partially due to th

87 H( ) = 2.2 kcal mol(-1) and Delta S( ) = -23 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

88 ordering (DeltaS(double dagger) = -13 to -23 cal/K.mol) and substantial overall bond disruption (Delt

89 chaeological record dating from 1,530 to 230 cal BP recording rates of blunt and sharp force skeletal

90 l/(mol.K)) compared to the second site (-234 cal/(mol.K)) suggests that the importance of nonpolar an

91 cument an active Last Glacial Maximum (18-24 cal ka B.P.) monsoon with similar delta(18)O values to t

92 disfavored (DeltaS degrees approximately -24 cal mol(-1) K(-1)).

93 ic sites across Europe (dating ca. 5900-2400 cal B.C.), which show that early farmers used livestock

94 dented during the past 6,250 years after 244 cal.

95 reruption from Taupo volcano (25,580 +/- 258 cal.

96 pertoire of Mexican domesticates by ca. 2600 cal B.C., that its cultivation was widespread in Mexico

97 t capacity changes ranging from -800 to -271 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

98 capacity change (-621, -467, -235, and -275 cal x mol(-1) x K(-1), with GTP, GTPgammaS, GDPNP, and G

99 Peat inception was dated at 2750 cal.

100 ropy (Delta(double dagger)S degrees ) of ~28 cal/mol.K.

101 ing that our estimation of ~16,560 to 15,280 cal yr B.P. is unsupported.

102 eep decline in dustfall persisted after 2800 cal BP maintaining sawgrass vegetation at the coring sit

103 The climatic change after 2800 cal BP was probably produced by a shift in the Bermuda H

104 adings of aeolian dust prevailed before 2800 cal BP (calibrated years before present) when vegetation

105 /- 0.43 kcal/mol, DeltaS(++) = -21.7 +/- 1.3 cal/(mol K)) and H(2)S (DeltaH(++) = 5.13 +/- 0.99 kcal/

106 py, |DeltaS degrees Fe(H2bim)/ET| = 29 +/- 3 cal mol-1 K-1, is consistent with a vibrational origin.

107 9 kcal mol-1, and DeltaS degrees = -30 +/- 3 cal mol-1 K-1.

108 l(-1), and DeltaS(double dagger) = -37 +/- 3 cal mol(-1) K(-1), measured over the range 70-90 degrees

109 re the onset of Heinrich event 4 (~40.2-38.3 cal ka BP).

110 0.8 +/- 0.8 kcal/mol and DeltaS13 = 45 +/- 3 cal/mol/K for the transition from the ternary complex to

111 nding to MMP-3cd are much smaller (-53 +/- 3 cal K(-1) mol(-1)), and some of the entropy increase may

112 +/- 0.8 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -9 +/- 3 cal K(-1) mol(-1), and KIE = 5.7.

113 steretic transition, DeltaS approximately -3 cal/(K.mol) and DeltaH approximately 1 kcal/mol.

114 kcal/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -18(3) cal/(mol K), consistent with an associative-type mechani

115 s DeltaH = 24(7) kcal/mol and DeltaS = -2(3) cal/mol.K, and the post-rate-determining step to be C-H

116 -12.5(3) kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(o) = -26(3) cal K(-1) mol(-1); N(2): DeltaH(o) = -13.9(7) kcal mol(-

117 al/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -44(+/-3) cal/(mol.K).

118 mol(-1) and DeltaS() approximately -5 to -30 cal K(-1) mol(-1).

119 years in Southern Scandinavia around 10,300 cal BP.

120 etic continuity for at least the past 10,300 cal y B.P.

121 le grain existed in Central America by 4,300 cal B.P.

122 stication traits were not yet fixed by 5,300 cal B.P. in the highlands of Mexico.

123 ncrease in enthalpy (DeltaH of -8000 +/- 300 cal/mol and DeltaS of -15.2 cal/mol/degree at 283 K), in

124 A Neolithic woman (3343-3020 cal BC) from a megalithic burial (10.3x coverage) posses

125 drier and more variable climates after 3200 cal.

126 eltaC(p) for Taz2 binding to the first (-330 cal/(mol.K)) compared to the second site (-234 cal/(mol.

127 rized by DeltaH = 8 kcal/mol and DeltaS = 34 cal/mol K.

128 yr BP), manioc (Manihot sp.) at about 10,350 cal.

129 ages of 38,650-36,750 cal BP, 44,200-42,350 cal BP, and 54,400-46,050 cal BP (all at the 95.4% confi

130 -round living at higher altitudes since 3600 cal yr B.P.

131 taH(EAL) = -13 kcal/mol and DeltaS(EAL) = 38 cal/mol/K.

132 ts made by Neanderthals and is older than 39 cal kyr BP.

133 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(++) = -27 +/- 4 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

134 kcal/mol, and DeltaS degrees = -56.2 +/- 5.4 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) and freely diffusing (DeltaH degrees

135 cal/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) = -6 +/- 4 cal mol(-1) K(-1)).

136 = -6.9(7) kcal/mol, DeltaS degrees = -26(4) cal mol(-1) K(-1)).

137 ed heat capacity change (DeltaCp = 70 +/- 40 cal.mol(-1).K(-1)) suggests that large-scale conformatio

138 arly Formative periods ( approximately 3,400 cal y BC to 1,600 cal y BC).

139 icant temperature dependence (DeltaCp = -401 cal mol-1 K-1).

140 ent during the Middle Holocene (8200 to 4200 cal BP) as evidence of sensitivity to shifts in hydrocli

141 1 kcal mol(-1) and Delta S( ) = -5.0 +/- 0.5 cal mol(-1) K(-1), respectively, the corresponding param

142 +/- 2 kcal/mol, and DeltaS was 56.9 +/- 0.5 cal/(mol-K).

143 +/- 4 kcal/mol, and DeltaS was 102.7 +/- 0.5 cal/(mol-K).

144 be 1.97 +/- 0.46 kcal/mol and -18.1 +/- 1.5 cal/(mol K), respectively, giving k(abs) = (2.3 +/- 0.23

145 with evidence of moose and elk at about 11.5 cal. kyr bp, and boreal forest approximately 10 cal. kyr

146 ol(-1), and DeltaS(double dagger) = 16 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K.

147 - 1 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(on)(++) = -28 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K(-1); PhCN: DeltaH(on)(++) = 5.2 +/- 0.2 kc

148 .5 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(degrees) = -40 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

149 .5 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(degrees) = -52 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K(-1).) Solution calorimetric studies show t

150 -13.9(7) kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS(o) = -32(5) cal K(-1) mol(-1)).

151 iments dating to approximately 12,950 +/- 50 cal BP at Arlington Canyon, Santa Rosa Island, Californi

152 limate Anomaly (MCA; approximately 1,000-500 cal B.P.), the period most similar to recent decades, wa

153 entral Alaska dating to approximately 11,500 cal B.P.

154 = 10(7.7+/-0.4) s(-1) x exp {(13300 +/- 500 cal/mol)/RT}.

155 varieties developed between 4,300 and 2,500 cal.

156 is area of the Andes between 5,000 and 4,500 cal B.P.

157 ome boreal trees along valleys around 43,500 cal B.P.

158 of Greenland Interstadial 11, around 43,500 cal B.P., and thus is older than any other Aurignacian a

159 Cool summers before 5,500 cal B.P. coincided with extensive summer ice cover in th

160 and charcoal records spanning the last 7,500 cal year BP from within both high (n = 1) and low (n = 2

161 fully developed agrarian societies by 7,500 cal.

162 years (cal) B.C.] to the later Iron Age (500 cal B.C.), alongside modern data from 13 locations.

163 econd 60 mug Hg m(-2) yr(-1) peak about 5000 cal years BP.

164 neral increase in flood frequency after 5000 cal. yr BP consistent with a weakening in zonal circulat

165 1, and entropy driven, with DeltaSrxn of +51 cal K-1 mol-1.

166 t was overwhelmed by marine inundation 7,550 cal. yr bp.

167 trend in glacial discharge occurs after 550 cal.

168 section dated to the YD onset (12,785 +/- 58 cal yr BP).

169 al mol-1 K-1 in the wild-type enzyme to -580 cal mol-1 K-1 in the deletion mutant.

170 rophic levels (P1 7600-7100 and P2 6400-5900 cal.

171 context from Neolithic Catalhoyuk (7100-5950 cal BCE), a massive archaeological site in south-central

172 mutase reaction (DeltaS(++) = -12.1 +/- 0.6 cal/(mol K)) is comparable to that of the previously rep

173 ers (DeltaG) of 11.1 (DeltaS = -19.4 +/- 1.6 cal mol(-1) K(-1); DeltaH = 6.5 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol) for 8

174 ups in unglaciated North America before 12.6 cal. kyr bp, are unlikely to have travelled by this rout

175 ion, bison and mammoth by approximately 12.6 cal. kyr bp, followed by open forest, with evidence of m

176 of the B conformer and DeltaS(B<-->S) = 15.6 cal mol(-1) K(-1) in favor of the intercalated S conform

177 cks (Ps < 0.05) and consumed 532.6 +/- 295.6 cal during late-night hours (2200-0359).

178 ge, favorable activation entropy of 61 +/- 6 cal/(mol.K) (relative to 7 +/- 1 cal/(mol.K) in solution

179 taH(m)=27+/-2 kcal mol(-1); DeltaS(m)=86+/-6 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) and noncooperative unfolding (<n(c)>

180 proximately 35 kcal/mol and approximately 60 cal/mol x K, respectively.

181 nd DeltaS(double dagger) of approximately 60 cal/mol x K.

182 iods ( approximately 3,400 cal y BC to 1,600 cal y BC).

183 Between approximately 5,800 and 3,600 cal B.P. the biggest architectural monuments and largest

184 bian populations lasting until at least 6000 cal BP, after which recovery is evident.

185 argely entropy driven, with DeltaSrxn of +61 cal K-1 mol-1.

186 ained largely stable between ~6,250 to 1,620 cal.

187 llapse during the stadial, at ~12,920-12,640 cal BP and 12,050-11,900 cal BP.

188 t this site, securely dates to 45,820-43,650 cal BP (95.4% probability), probably beginning from 46,9

189 t was large and negative (approximately -650 cal mol-1 K-1), suggestive of significant structural cha

190 h reveal a RSL history between 6850 and 6500 cal years BP that includes two 0.6 m fluctuations, with

191 ore reaching 'near-modern' values at ~12,660 cal BP, consistent with synchronous recovery of overturn

192 evidence that already by approximately 6600 cal.

193 tes australis (Cav.)) and dated to 6775-6645 cal. yr. BP.

194 rn and southern divisions approximately 6900 cal. B.C. and the dispersal of maize agriculture from Me

195 be 2.03 +/- 0.56 kcal/mol and -19.3 +/- 1.7 cal/(mol K), respectively, giving k(abs) = (1.2 +/- 0.49

196 3.4 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol; DeltaS*= -24.3 +/- 1.7 cal/mol.K) were measured using Eyring analysis, implying

197 postglacial raised beaches ranges from 10.7 cal.

198 2 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(degrees) = -20 +/- 7 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

199 stems is estimated to have occurred at ca. 7 cal.

200 anized transition state (DeltaS(++) = -43(7) cal.mol(-1) K(-1)) and a remarkably low enthalpic barrie

201 nal deposits dated between 15,000 and 13,700 cal B.P. provide evidence for systematic harvesting and

202 rew in these drainages between 1,070 and 700 cal yr BP, during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly.

203 -1, and entropy driven with DeltaSrxn of +72 cal K-1 mol-1.

204 g more exothermic than (dm(5)C-dG)(4) by 720 cal/mol basepair.

205 a slight increase in variability until ~720 cal.

206 in Nahal Hemar cave (Israel, ca. 8200 -7300 cal.

207 ic basin indicate ages from 16,380 to 13,740 cal yr BP, synchronous with paleolake Tauca on the Boliv

208 bia dating from approximately 6,075 to 1,750 cal y B.P.

209 e same layer, yielding ages of 38,650-36,750 cal BP, 44,200-42,350 cal BP, and 54,400-46,050 cal BP (

210 suggesting a peak between 30,425 and 29,772 cal BP (2sigma error) which matches more depleted delta(

211 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS(++)(k2) = -7.5 +/- 0.8 cal mol(-1) K(-1).

212 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol and DeltaS() = -7.5 +/- 0.8 cal.mol(-1) K(-1), consistent with intramolecular proton

213 84+/-0.2 kcal/mol and a DeltaS of -2.9+/-0.8 cal/(mol.K) were determined.

214 be 1.54 +/- 0.25 kcal/mol and -25.5 +/- 0.8 cal/mol K, respectively, giving k abs = 1.3 x 10 (6) M (

215 o pottery dating from about 15,000 to 11,800 cal bp (the Incipient Jomon period), the oldest pottery

216 set of the Younger Dryas (YD) event (~12,800 cal yr BP), consistent with the YD Impact Hypothesis.

217 he opening of an ice-free corridor (<=14,800 cal yr B.P.), which supports the hypothesis that initial

218 kely restricted to between 23,400 and 22,800 cal.

219 and use around Lake Sauce changed at ca. 800 cal.

220 trically-dated shells covering the 8290-8100 cal BP interval.

221 terials isolated from sediments dated 15,818 cal yr B.P. to present (including the Bolling-Allerod-YD

222 ratification occurred between ages 8320-8220 cal BP.

223 and had appeared in central Anatolia by 8300 cal BC [4].

224 endent enthalpy (heat capacity of 610 +/- 84 cal/Mol K), is slowed in the presence of TMAO and speede

225 s, and median daily caloric intake was 1,840 cal (IQR 1,487-2,222).

226 We show that, starting at around 10,850 cal.

227 yr BP and maize (Zea mays) at about 6,850 cal.

228 (DeltaH = 5.9 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS = 33.9 cal mol(-1) K(-1)).

229 l, and DeltaS(double dagger) = -30.3 +/- 5.9 cal K(-1) mol(-1).

230 py of activation (DeltaS(double dagger) = -9 cal mol(-1) K(-1)) and an inverse solvent isotope effect

231 s DeltaH = 31(16) kcal/mol and DeltaS = 3(9) cal/mol x K.

232 we report ancient maize genomes (2,300-1,900 cal.

233 , at ~12,920-12,640 cal BP and 12,050-11,900 cal BP.

234 barraged North America approximately 12,900 cal yr B.P. and caused these events.

235 known as "Egbert" between 43,200 and 42,900 cal B.P. and the IUP-associated modern human maxilla kno

236 n as "Ethelruda" before approximately 45,900 cal B.P.

237 nger deposits, dating to approximately 6,900 cal B.P., also contained tools with S. jamesii granules,

238 ter, it declined nearly to background by 900 cal years BP.

239 e 5HT2c octapeptide was determined to be -94 cal/mol, and a calculated estimate indicates burial of p

240 probability), probably beginning from 46,940 cal BP (95.4% probability).

241 e osteological pathologies dating to 775-940 cal CE from the early medieval city of Dzhankent, Kazakh

242 carbon ages show that between ~ 2185 and 965 cal yr B.P. the drinking water in the Corriental reservo

243 20 cal B.P., and again between 2,350 and 980 cal B.P.

244 etween 50,000 and 40,000 calendar years ago (cal B.P.).

245 tely 23,000 until 13,400 calendar years ago (cal y BP), after which we find the first evidence, to ou

246 was present by 8,700 calendrical years ago (cal. B.P.).

247 mains date to approximately 10,300 calendar (cal) y B.P.

248 Marmara Sea since at least 9.6 ka calendar (cal) B.P.

249 ed on the island until ca. 9,000 calibrated (cal) YBP [1].

250 re linkages over the last 18,000 calibrated (cal) years B.P., and (iii) evaluate the role of humans i

251 cci sublayer 23A [32,614 +/- 429 calibrated (cal) B.P.], Southern Italy, have demonstrated that early

252 he Balkans by approximately 6200 calibrated (cal.) BC or later.

253 nnium and early ninth millennium calibrated (cal) BC and had appeared in central Anatolia by 8300 cal

254 middle Holocene (~7,500 to 4,000 calibrated [cal] B.P.) humans at coexisting mound sites (Huaca Priet

255 Finally, an anti-CD22/cal and CTLA4-Ig-based combination therapy displayed rem

256 lycemic mice were treated with the anti-CD22/cal mAb, 100% of B-cell-depleted mice became normoglycem

257 Anti-CD22/cal monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy resulted in early

258 Anti-CD22/cal-mediated B-cell depletion promotes the reduction of

259 ody conjugated with calicheamicin [anti-CD22/cal]) efficiently depleted B cells in all three models o

260 turant reduces the unfolding enthalpy DeltaH(cal) and lowers the midpoint temperature T(m).

261 e cooperativities, DeltaH(van't Hoff)/DeltaH(cal) approximately 1, for helix-bundle proteins.

262 the wild type and a 40% reduction in DeltaH(cal).

263 grees C with an unfolding enthalpy of DeltaH(cal) ~200-300 kcal/mol and a main transition at 85 degre

264 ylene group can contribute approximately 1 K cal mol(-1) to the overall stability of the protein-alco

265 ed stratigraphic layer dated 41.1 to 38.1 ka cal BP, documenting a modern human presence on the weste

266 d transitional industries; (ii) the 44-42 ka cal BP assemblages are based on an expedient technology

267 chnological change at approximately 44-42 ka cal BP, marked by adoption of techniques and materials t

268 curred during the refreshening after ~2.5 ka cal B.P. with the onset of the cool and wet Subatlantic

269 odern population in Southeast Asia at ~50 ka cal BP.

270 ed a deep cave in northern Italy about 14 ky cal.

271 rance of this species (about 17 or 13-11 kyr cal. BP).

272 s reach no farther back than about 41-39 kyr cal BP, leaving a gap.

273 000 calendar years before present (43-42 kyr cal BP), by association with Aurignacian sites and lithi

274 Instead, KC4 dates to 44.2-41.5 kyr cal BP.

275 reenland Stadial 1 (GS-1; ~12.9 to 11.65 kyr cal BP) was a period of North Atlantic cooling, thought

276 celerator mass spectrometry to 36.4-34.7 kyr cal BP.

277 brated radiocarbon years before present (kyr cal. BP), or the time of last appearance of this species

278 an now be pushed back to the 12th millennium cal B.P.

279 est Anatolia by the early seventh millennium cal BC and quasi-synchronously into Europe, although the

280 egions, at least from the seventh millennium cal BC, likely fulfilling a variety of technological and

281 atp DeltaH(o)F=-16.12kJ.mol(-1) and DeltaH(o)cal=-42.63kJ.mol(-1).

282 an entropic driven binding process (DeltaH(o)cal=29.11kJ.mol(-1)).

283 by approximately 9,000 calendar years B.P. (cal B.P.), but it remains unclear when maize was product

284 and 12,000 calibrated years before present (cal bp), towards the end of the Late Pleistocene epoch,

285 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal BP).

286 bout 10,250 calibrated years before present (cal.

287 Mexico ~9,000 calendar years before present (cal. BP) and humans dispersed this important grain to So

288 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal. kyr bp), glacial retreat opened an approximately 1,

289 hina, 7,700 calibrated years before present (cal. yr bp).

290 alibrated thousand years before the present (cal ka BP)-well before the onset of Heinrich event 4 (~4

291 y by 5200 calendar years before the present (cal yr B.P.).

292 15,280 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.).

293 er production are 1960 + or - 40 BP (2-sigma cal. 40 BC to AD 120) and 1870 + or - 40 BP (2-sigma cal

294 BC to AD 120) and 1870 + or - 40 BP (2-sigma cal. AD 60 to 240) representing the oldest known silver

295 rth America at 10,900-10,100 calendar years (cal) B.P. in the form of well-preserved starch granules

296 aori), who arrived 700-800 calibrated years (cal y) ago, and then Europeans, who settled approximatel

297 Aceramic Neolithic [10,000 calibrated years (cal) B.C.] to the later Iron Age (500 cal B.C.), alongsi

298 ng to approximately 11,500 calibrated years (cal) B.P. at the Upward Sun River site in central Alaska

299 atures during 10,000-5,500 calibrated years (cal) B.P. were generally lower than modern and that peak

300 dated between 31210-33103 and 18334-19860 yr cal BP (2sigma).