ライフサイエンスコーパス: callose

1 cell plate while the plate is stabilized by callose.

2 itive papillary accumulation of GFP-PEN1 and callose.

3 bably due to partial sieve tube occlusion by callose.

4 rolonged staining for the cell-plate polymer callose.

5 opic deposition of pectins, xyloglucans, and callose.

6 llulose synthase might be able to synthesize callose.

7 allose synthase activity and accumulate more callose.

8 colorized aniline blue, a stain specific for callose.

9 r material, with very little accumulation of callose.

10 by plants to fungal attack is deposition of callose, a (1,3)-beta-glucan polymer, in the form of cel

11 synthase that uses UDP-glucose to synthesize callose, a 1,3-beta-glucan.

12 Callose, a beta-1,3-glucan that is widespread in plants,

13 Plants attacked by pathogens rapidly deposit callose, a beta-1,3-glucan, at wound sites.

14 sieve plates in the phloem in plants contain callose, a beta-1,3-glucan.

15 dition, both MAMPs also caused deposition of callose, a well-known marker of MAMP-elicited defense.

16 Autofluorescent compounds and callose accumulated in edr1 leaves 3 days after inoculat

17 PDA) in Mp708 plants contributed to enhanced callose accumulation and heightened CLA resistance.

18 smonic acid-deficient plants caused enhanced callose accumulation and heightened resistance to CLA, s

19 anases (PdBGs) were identified that regulate callose accumulation and the number and distribution of

20 Here we show that regulating callose accumulation at plasmodesmal channels is a commo

21 kob1-3, we did not detect drastic changes in callose accumulation at the neck regions of the plasmode

22 The lack of callose accumulation in als4 and als7 suggests that ther

23 Callose accumulation in both conditions was eliminated i

24 tion, and both AtCYP57 and AtFKBP65 provided callose accumulation in plant cell wall.

25 tors in a biochemical pathway that regulates callose accumulation in the plant vasculature.

26 late-specific post-Golgi vesicle traffic and callose accumulation was analyzed using ES7, and it reve

27 uced genes in Sw-7 include those involved in callose accumulation, lignin deposition, proteolysis pro

28 c effects on membrane localization of SS and callose accumulation, whereas Ca(2+) addition reversed t

29 diates, deposition of phenolic compounds and callose, accumulation of phytoalexin, and expression of

30 veloped systemic priming of chitosan-induced callose after single inoculations with R. irregularis or

31 Our results show that regulation of callose and cell-to-cell connectivity is critical in det

32 timely appearance of papillae, which contain callose and extracellular membrane material, as well as

33 atgpi8-1 mutants accumulate higher levels of callose and have reduced plasmodesmata permeability.

34 Callose and hydrogen peroxide accumulated in gat1 mutant

35 modesmata is important for the regulation of callose and LR development as part of the plant response

36 The role of callose and of the individual genes in plant development

37 fications that include cell wall thickening, callose and phloem protein induction, and cellular plugg

38 efences dependent on signalling through ROS (callose and PR gene expression) were also modified or ab

39 se observations demonstrate that appropriate callose and sterol biosynthesis are required for maintai

40 res characterized by ectopic accumulation of callose and the occurrence of incomplete cell walls.

41 icles in cells containing elevated levels of callose and their reduction under ES7 treatment further

42 llular location to participate in cellulose, callose, and starch biosynthesis through its interaction

43 extra space between them, occupied by excess callose, and the meiotic dyads abort.

44 cytokinesis is not arrested and membrane and callose are deposited at the cell plate.

45 s also suggests that pectins, cellulose, and callose are highly cross linked to each other.

46 utants have thinner cell walls but increased callose around an infection site.

47 urity, and produce cell walls with excessive callose as revealed through staining with the aniline bl

48 ming of multiple immune responses, including callose-associated cell wall defenses that are under con

49 bidopsis but failed to elicit high levels of callose-associated defense in Arabidopsis plants blocked

50 BABA-IR by mediating augmented expression of callose-associated defense.

51 ose synthase that mediates the deposition of callose at developing cell plates, root hairs, and plasm

52 3D immunolocalization of callose at pitfields using confocal microscopy showed th

53 n of the (1,3)-beta-glucan cell wall polymer callose at sites of attempted penetration is a common pl

54 ifferent from wild type in the deposition of callose at sites of E. orontii penetration.

55 rtly by the deposition of the glucan polymer callose at the cell wall at the site of pathogen contact

56 orm a substrate channel for the synthesis of callose at the forming cell plate.

57 expression of PdBG1, an enzyme that degrades callose at the pores.

58 I3 However, als4 and als7 did not accumulate callose at this AlCl3 concentration even though root gro

59 4 (pmr4), a mutant lacking pathogen-induced callose, became resistant to pathogens, rather than more

60 ng-to-go, in which pollen grains stained for callose before anther dehiscence.

61 Synthesis of callose (beta-1,3-glucan) in plants has been a topic of

62 Callose (beta-1,3-glucan) is produced at different locat

63 ned with aniline blue, which is specific for callose (beta-1,3-glucan).

64 idylinositol-anchored proteins Plasmodesmata Callose Binding 1 and the beta-1,3-glucanase PdBG2 and a

65 d-associated beta-1,3-glucanase (BG_pap) and CALLOSE BINDING PROTEIN1 (PDCB1) were identified as key

66 e suppression of the innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis and, hence, the progress of F. gram

67 To elucidate the regulation of callose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we screene

68 These FFAs not only inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta but also par

69 been suggested to regulate pathogen-induced callose biosynthesis.

70 a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis.

71 To the contrary, we show that callose can strongly support penetration resistance when

72 ncluding radial swelling and accumulation of callose, can be mimicked with the inhibitor of N-glycosy

73 pe is dependent on the deposition of a thick callose-containing layer outside of the endosperm cell w

74 ctic components of this wall persisted after callose degradation.

75 Co-localization of MP-GFP with callose demonstrated that nearly all epidermal cell plas

76 ed production of reactive oxygen species and callose depends on specific signaling events that lead t

77 se which is responsible for the synthesis of callose deposited at the primary cell wall of meiocytes,

78 e-specific conductivity and its reduction by callose deposition after injury was calculated for green

79 re is not an obligatory relationship between callose deposition and Al-induced inhibition of root gro

80 of the pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 and callose deposition and also plays a role in CRN2-induced

81 s also induced upon treatment with flg22 and callose deposition and cell death suppression assays in

82 demonstrate that NAD primes pathogen-induced callose deposition and cell death.

83 ing gold labeling, modification of the CW by callose deposition and cellulose reduction was observabl

84 tance to pathogens and are required for both callose deposition and glucosinolate activation, suggest

85 The sh1 mutants also showed less callose deposition and greater tolerance to prolonged an

86 alone increased aphid arrestment, suppressed callose deposition and increased the abundance of free a

87 on and downstream defence responses, such as callose deposition and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene ex

88 callose synthase PMR4 revealed that enhanced callose deposition and penetration resistance were PMR4-

89 COR also suppresses callose deposition and promotes bacterial growth in coi1

90 nt of mlo2 mutant plants-exhibit spontaneous callose deposition and signs of early leaf senescence.

91 en species (ROS)-dependent responses such as callose deposition and stomatal closure.

92 GAT1 thioredoxin in the redox regulation of callose deposition and symplastic permeability that is e

93 o activate cell wall-based responses such as callose deposition and that constitutive activation of B

94 luding induction of plant defence signalling callose deposition and the strengthening of plant cell w

95 eal that reactive oxygen species spiking and callose deposition are dispensable for the repression of

96 This connectivity is dependent upon callose deposition around PD affecting molecular flux th

97 n to HDMBOA-Glc were associated with reduced callose deposition as an aphid defense response in vivo.

98 However, mlo3 genotypes display spontaneous callose deposition as well as signs of early senescence

99 Golovinomyces cichoracearum due to enhanced callose deposition at early time points of infection, wh

100 y upregulated by flg22 and facilitates rapid callose deposition at plasmodesmata following flg22 trea

101 SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 (GSL8), that is required for callose deposition at the cell plate, cell wall and plas

102 erea, production of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition at the cell wall, and enhanced PATHOG

103 Furthermore, in situ staining for early callose deposition at the infection sites revealed that

104 Because the amount of callose deposition between microspores is correlated wit

105 tic model that highlights the differences in callose deposition between the resistant transgenic line

106 X-derived metabolites contribute to enhanced callose deposition by providing heightened resistance to

107 es an SA-independent pathway contributing to callose deposition by reducing accumulation of an indole

108 ES7 is a specific inhibitor for plant callose deposition during cytokinesis that does not affe

109 pression of HopAO1 in Arabidopsis suppresses callose deposition elicited by the Pst DC3000 hrpA mutan

110 hotoassimilate export in vte2 coincides with callose deposition exclusively in phloem parenchyma tran

111 N4 with EXO70E2, which we posit inhibits its callose deposition function.

112 PD are dynamic structures regulated by callose deposition in a variety of stress and developmen

113 allose synthase gene, and is responsible for callose deposition in developing sieve elements during p

114 r pattern (PAMP)-induced gene expression and callose deposition in host tissue, indicating that XopN

115 levated cytosolic Ca(2+) levels and enhanced callose deposition in hydathodes of seedlings treated wi

116 Loss of flg22-induced callose deposition in leaves of pen3 seedlings was parti

117 We hypothesize that de-regulated callose deposition in mlo3 genotypes might be the result

118 duction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose deposition in pcrk1 mutant plants to determine t

119 Defense gene expression and callose deposition in response to DFO were compromised i

120 n of PRX33 and PRX34 exhibit reduced ROS and callose deposition in response to microbe-associated mol

121 lent and avirulent Hpa, as well as decreased callose deposition in response to non-pathogenic Pseudom

122 size of the GPA and a parallel reduction in callose deposition in the adf3 mutant.

123 Callose deposition in the cals5 mutant was nearly comple

124 the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition in the cell wall, and the generation

125 t of host genes, compromised defense-related callose deposition in the host cell wall, and permitted

126 limitation, cell-specific apoplastic Fe and callose deposition in the meristem and elongation zone o

127 Callose deposition in the phloem, especially in the siev

128 d genes PARG2 and NUDT7 and observed altered callose deposition in the presence of a chemical PARP in

129 Localized iron accumulation and callose deposition in the root elongation zone under Pi

130 However, the genes responsible for callose deposition in this subcellular location have not

131 ilate export reduction and vascular-specific callose deposition in vte2.

132 The Delta CEL mutant activated SA-dependent callose deposition in wild-type Arabidopsis but failed t

133 PRR- and ACD6-dependent signaling to induce callose deposition independent of the presence of PAMPs.

134 Callose deposition induced by OxA and OxB was required f

135 ns in IBA-stimulated root growth modulation, callose deposition induced with a conserved peptide epit

136 Callose deposition modulates PD transport but little is

137 Callose deposition modulates plasmodesmal transport in v

138 , RabA4c(dn) overexpression did not increase callose deposition or penetration resistance.

139 In this paper we examine callose deposition patterns in T-DNA insertion mutants (

140 Ectopic callose deposition was also visible in the pollen-lethal

141 , callose synthase gene RNAs accumulated and callose deposition was observed in SLWF-infested tissue.

142 Callose deposition was the main plugging mechanism in th

143 tional (virulence suppression) and cellular (callose deposition) assays.

144 or that promotes colonization and suppresses callose deposition, a hallmark of basal defense.

145 ore, feeding by CLA on Mp708 plants enhanced callose deposition, a potential defense mechanism utiliz

146 one (oxo-C14-HSL) primed plants for enhanced callose deposition, accumulation of phenolic compounds,

147 nip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection suppresses callose deposition, an important plant defense induced i

148 TuMV infection suppresses callose deposition, an important plant defense, and incr

149 splay a severe dwarf phenotype, constitutive callose deposition, and constitutive expression of patho

150 d upregulation of PTI marker genes, impaired callose deposition, and defective stomatal closure.

151 vels, a low level of spontaneous cell death, callose deposition, and enlarged cells in leaves.

152 e accumulation of autofluorescent compounds, callose deposition, and lignification.

153 FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1, reduced callose deposition, and mitogen-activated protein kinase

154 ayed upregulation of PTI marker genes, lower callose deposition, and mitogen-activated protein kinase

155 responses including defense gene expression, callose deposition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) an

156 ts have lower H(2)O(2) accumulation, reduced callose deposition, and reduced electrolyte leakage upon

157 ating bacterial colonization, suppression of callose deposition, and targeting the plant defense regu

158 does not affect hemicellulose strengthening, callose deposition, and the synthesis of structural defe

159 suppressed cell wall alterations, including callose deposition, characteristic of basal defence and

160 cies, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and callose deposition, corroborating a close link between t

161 r profile, abnormal Ubisch bodies, disrupted callose deposition, defective pollen wall formation such

162 ed with the monitoring of pathogen-triggered callose deposition, have identified major roles in patho

163 ygen species production but had no impact on callose deposition, indicating that CA-MPK4 allows discr

164 ecular patterns (flg22 and elf18), including callose deposition, lignin deposition, pigment accumulat

165 rides), which leads to premature cell death, callose deposition, or phloem protein accumulation, caus

166 due to constitutive defense-gene expression, callose deposition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumu

167 ecular pattern-triggered immunity, including callose deposition, reactive oxygen species burst and WR

168 n of the cell-growth phenotype and increased callose deposition, suggesting a role for SA in regulati

169 e genes and the potentiation of PTI-mediated callose deposition.

170 al resistance was found to be independent of callose deposition.

171 target distinct signaling steps to suppress callose deposition.

172 entially through its capacity to modulate PD callose deposition.

173 plates, altered Golgi morphology and ectopic callose deposition.

174 lation and morphologically distinct types of callose deposition.

175 d cytoplasmic vesiculation, and induction of callose deposition.

176 taose treatment, such as gene expression and callose deposition.

177 nduced growth inhibition, ROS production and callose deposition.

178 table reactive oxygen species production nor callose deposition.

179 n phosphorylation, ethylene biosynthesis and callose deposition.

180 by the induction of immune marker genes and callose deposition.

181 ted induction of reactive oxygen species and callose deposition.

182 nthase activity was correlated with enlarged callose deposits and the focal accumulation of green flu

183 the pmr4 disruption mutant background, with callose deposits at the site of attempted fungal penetra

184 turn, the elevated amounts of cdiGRP induce callose deposits in the plant cell walls.

185 Callose deposits occur on the pollen walls in plants tha

186 The Deltawak1 plants developed fewer callose deposits than wild-type plants, but retained ear

187 vary and the pollen tubes exhibited abnormal callose deposits throughout the tube and in the tips.

188 f directly inoculated spikelets, while these callose deposits were not observed in infections by the

189 sporocytes are abnormal in appearance and in callose distribution and they fail to proceed through me

190 Deposition and degradation of callose during tetrad pollen formation in qrt1 and qrt2

191 ether, these data show the essential role of callose during the late stages of cell plate maturation

192 s of developing sieve elements revealed that callose failed to accumulate in the plasmodesmata of inc

193 Other GSL genes may control callose formation at different steps during pollen devel

194 rs ET responses and suppresses aphid-induced callose formation in an ET-dependent manner.

195 ol primary root growth via meristem-specific callose formation, likely triggered by LPR1-dependent re

196 Enzymatic removal of callose from wild-type microspores at the tetrad stage d

197 Transcripts associated with callose (GSL), cellulose (CESA), pectin (GAUT), and gluc

198 OD, the lipid layer was already present but callose had not been deposited.

199 egulates the level of plasmodesmal-localized callose in order to locally downregulate symplasmic perm

200 Roots of wild-type seedlings produce callose in response to AlCl3 concentrations that inhibit

201 this gene is essential for the synthesis of callose in these tissues.

202 The fundamental role of PD-associated callose in this process was illustrated by the induction

203 d the accumulation of the cdiGRP protein and callose in vasculature-associated cells with or without

204 er EXO70B1 or EXO70E2 inhibited secretion of callose induced by the bacterial flagellin-derived pepti

205 edistribution of SS in the root tip preceded callose induction, an indicator of cell death.

206 The (1,3)-beta-glucan callose is a major component of cell wall thickenings in

207 In wild-type Arabidopsis plants, callose is present as a constituent polysaccharide in th

208 Callose is synthesized on the forming cell plate and sev

209 ccharide biosynthesis is that cellulose (and callose) is synthesized at the plasma membrane (PM), whe

210 A thick callose layer was evident at 40 DAA, coinciding with dev

211 We found that callose levels are reduced in the qsk1 mutant background

212 a cell wall-associated factor that increases callose levels in plant vasculature.

213 ted that GrIP does not directly modulate the callose levels induced by the treatment.

214 We suggest that the callose lining of sieve plate pores is essential for nor

215 ieve plate pores of stems and roots lack the callose lining seen in wild-type plants.

216 mber and position using aniline blue-stained callose, mCitrine-labeled material was used to calculate

217 and the beta-1,3-glucanase PdBG2 and altered callose-mediated PD permeability.

218 Callose-mediated plasmodesmata regulation is known to re

219 nd maintaining the positional specificity of callose-modifying glycosylphosphatidylinositol proteins

220 protein (GFP) and aniline blue (a stain for callose normally observed at plasmodesmata) and found th

221 Thus, callose or callose synthase negatively regulates the SA

222 confirmed as low abundance (glucomannan and callose) or undetectable (pectin) in these samples.

223 se responses, which induced the formation of callose papillae, hydrogen peroxide accumulation and the

224 strongly induced the deposition of spot-like callose patches in vascular bundles of directly inoculat

225 nt cell walls, does not contain cellulose or callose, pectin methylesterases (PMEs) likely play a cen

226 minal fucose residues on the side chain, and callose persists in the cell walls after the cell plates

227 Both the LR and callose phenotypes can be complemented by expression of

228 tre of the plasmodesmal pore, between paired callose platelets.

229 erm pollen tubes all have callosic walls and callose plugs (in contrast, no gymnosperms have these fe

230 ines the sites of Fe accumulation as well as callose production, which interferes with symplastic com

231 Our results link callose-regulated cell-to-cell signaling in root meriste

232 To better understand the cdiGRP/callose regulation system, we identified a tobacco prote

233 not release the microspores, suggesting that callose removal is not sufficient to disperse the micros

234 tion, suggesting that the pathogen-triggered callose response is required for resistance to microbial

235 synthase, resulting in a loss of the induced callose response.

236 mpatibility showed a synergistic increase in callose responsiveness following co-inoculation with bot

237 cell wall layer, highly autofluorescent and callose rich, deposited only in the upper part of the tr

238 and the basal parts of mature trichome by a callose ring that is also deposited in an EXO70H4-depend

239 Studies on the temporal development of callose show that small sieve plate pores might be occlu

240 fragile pollen) with unexpected patterns of callose staining.

241 Arabidopsis contains 12 genes encoding callose synthase (CalS).

242 We cloned an Arabidopsis cDNA encoding a callose synthase (CalS1) catalytic subunit.

243 We have identified Arabidopsis callose synthase 1 (CalS1) and CalS8 as key genes involv

244 erns in T-DNA insertion mutants (cs7) of the Callose Synthase 7 (CalS7) gene.

245 t cells over-expressing CalS1 display higher callose synthase activity and accumulate more callose.

246 small molecule endosidin 7 (ES7) inhibiting callose synthase activity and arresting late cytokinesis

247 In these lines, we detected callose synthase activity that was four times higher tha

248 The callose synthase activity was correlated with enlarged c

249 es were separated from the majority (80%) of callose synthase activity, a marker for the plasma membr

250 fer UDP-glucose from sucrose synthase to the callose synthase and thus help form a substrate channel

251 gene encoding a putative cell plate-specific callose synthase catalytic subunit (CalS1) was recently

252 The callose synthase complex exists in at least two distinct

253 on and copurified with the product-entrapped callose synthase complex.

254 Callose synthase could not be purified to homogeneity an

255 tdy2 mutants provides evidence that the Tdy2 callose synthase functions in vascular maturation and th

256 Like aphid and fungal pathogens, callose synthase gene RNAs accumulated and callose depos

257 demonstrate that CalS7 is a phloem-specific callose synthase gene, and is responsible for callose de

258 is thaliana contains a family of 12 putative callose synthase genes (GSL1-12).

259 und configuration, suggesting that the plant callose synthase may be regulated by Rop1 through the in

260 Thus, callose or callose synthase negatively regulates the SA pathway.

261 disruption mutant lacking the stress-induced callose synthase PMR4 revealed that enhanced callose dep

262 ET2 encodes GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE8 (GSL8), a callose synthase that mediates the deposition of callose

263 ta suggest that UGT1 may act as a subunit of callose synthase that uses UDP-glucose to synthesize cal

264 te that one of these genes, CalS5, encodes a callose synthase which is responsible for the synthesis

265 CHOR encodes a putative callose synthase, GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 8 (GSL8), that is

266 One isoform of callose synthase, Glucan Synthase-Like7 (GSL7), is tight

267 This resistance was due to mutation of a callose synthase, resulting in a loss of the induced cal

268 TANT4 (PMR4), which encodes a stress-induced callose synthase, under the control of the constitutive

269 loned the gene and found that Tdy2 encodes a callose synthase.

270 t is widespread in plants, is synthesized by callose synthase.

271 The expression of CALLOSE SYNTHASE7 and PHLOEM PROTEIN2 genes was upregula

272 past five years, identification of genes for callose synthases has proven difficult because cognate g

273 These data suggest that callose synthesis has a vital function in building a pro

274 Callose synthesis in other tissues of the plant appears

275 Experiments with callose synthesis inhibitors suggest plasmodesmal connec

276 The induction of cell wall apposition and callose synthesis led us to hypothesize that Yariv bindi

277 f CalS1 in transgenic tobacco cells enhanced callose synthesis on the forming cell plate, and that th

278 membrane via clathrin-coated vesicles and by callose synthesis.

279 to facilitate the transfer of substrate for callose synthesis.

280 larger increase in volume appears to reflect callose synthesis.

281 Only als5 accumulated more callose than wild type in response to low levels (25 mu

282 With the exception of cellulose and callose, the cell wall polysaccharides are synthesized i

283 of similar phenotypes in lines with altered callose turnover.

284 rlying callose wall, and requires the normal callose wall formation.

285 In this particular genotype, while the callose wall formed around the pollen mother cells, no c

286 the known beta-glucanases that hydrolyze the callose wall of the microspore tetrad.

287 ll formed around the pollen mother cells, no callose wall separated the resulting tetrads.

288 hey are responsible for the formation of the callose wall that separates the microspores of the tetra

289 eeping specific membrane domains next to the callose wall to prevent formation of exine at these site

290 etween the plasma membrane and the overlying callose wall, and requires the normal callose wall forma

291 otruding membrane ridges in proximity to the callose wall.

292 lete meiosis I, but they do not have a thick callose wall; they often fail to complete meiotic cytoki

293 The early association of the callose-walled growth pattern with accelerated pollen tu

294 ive oxygen species (e.g. H2O2 and O2( )) and callose was also observed in Arabidopsis.

295 In wild-type, callose was detected around the pollen mother cell at th

296 At 35 DAA, callose was detected as distinct vesicles or globules in

297 ed into the anther locule at the stage where callose was no longer detected.

298 Deposition of callose was reduced in pcrk1 plants, indicating a role o

299 e may be the plant cell wall polysaccharide, callose, which is a polymer of beta-1,3-linked glucose.

300 GFP-PEN1-labeled extracellular membrane and callose, while impeding penetration resistance.

301 small sieve plate pores might be occluded by callose within minutes, but plants containing sieve tube