ライフサイエンスコーパス: cardiac output

1 ut systemic MAP was defended by an increased cardiac output.

2 has acceptable agreement with thermodilution cardiac output.

3 there were no differences in ventilation or cardiac output.

4 in the measurements for the magnitude of the cardiac output.

5 ficant increase in cardiac contractility and cardiac output.

6 an attempt to counteract the restrictions of cardiac output.

7 iogenesis, lowered heart rate, and decreased cardiac output.

8 of extracellular fluid volume and increased cardiac output.

9 cardiac output monitoring and thermodilution cardiac output.

10 aintaining normal cardiac rhythm and optimal cardiac output.

11 sion of the right ventricle (RV) and reduced cardiac output.

12 excessively reduces central blood volume and cardiac output.

13 ssure, pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and cardiac output.

14 wering intrathoracic pressure and increasing cardiac output.

15 decisions when selecting a device to measure cardiac output.

16 with underfilling of the left heart and low cardiac output.

17 cular filling and contributes to maintaining cardiac output.

18 g smoking, oxygenation, and left ventricular cardiac output.

19 ricular end-diastolic pressure and increased cardiac output.

20 isassemble in response to acute increases in cardiac output.

21 pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output.

22 required to support increased heart rate and cardiac output.

23 ed as clinical surrogates for improvement in cardiac output.

24 greater pulmonary vascular disease and lower cardiac output.

25 ractional shortening, ejection fraction, and cardiac output.

26 re than V O(2) max but did not alter resting cardiac output.

27 decreases in cardiac stress and increases in cardiac output.

28 y that a 500 mL fluid infusion will increase cardiac output.

29 by left ventricular end-diastolic volume and cardiac output.

30 nd inotropy, which together rapidly increase cardiac output.

31 ated systemic venous pressures and decreased cardiac output.

32 injured by oxidative stress and an improved cardiac output.

33 strain (-1.4+/-0.6%, P=0.015), and increased cardiac output (0.38+/-0.19 L/min, P=0.044) compared wit

34 %), central venous pressure (+245% +/- 65%), cardiac output (+11% +/- 2%), medullary PO2 (+280% +/- 9

35 en groups, mean pulmonary artery pressure at cardiac output=13.8 L.min(-1) was 22.5 mm Hg in controls

36 L.min(-1) versus 1.95 L.min(-1), P=0.2; and cardiac output 17.9 L.min(-1) versus 13.8 L.min(-1), P=0

37 and during exercise ( VO2 = 2.75 L min(-1) , cardiac output = 18.9 l min(-1) ).

38 ar stroke volume (+23 +/- 10 mL; p = 0.009), cardiac output (+2,021 +/- 956 mL; p = 0.002), and right

39 Terlipressin decreased cardiac output (-2.5 +/- 0.5 L/min; p < 0.0001) and incr

40 15% for OVF), stroke work (34% and 52%) and cardiac output (29% and 27%), and increases in relaxatio

41 lar stroke volume (-40 +/- 6 mL; p = 0.001), cardiac output (-3,327 +/- 451 mL; p = 0.005), and mean

42 of delivery at rest ( VO2 = 0.25 L min(-1) , cardiac output = 5.70 L min(-1) ) and during exercise (

43 - 4 vs 65 +/- 2 beats/min; all p < 0.05) and cardiac output (6.7 +/- 0.3 vs 6.1 +/- 0.3 vs 4.4 +/- 0.

44 r lobes, a significant increase in PBF after cardiac output adjustment remained: a 16% increase in th

45 t baseline and with the relative increase in cardiac output after fluid therapy (r = 0.44; p = 0.019)

46 ponsiveness was defined as a 10% increase in cardiac output after fluid therapy, assessed by a second

47 cuspidization led to significant increase in cardiac output although the overall increment due to thi

48 athy, a condition characterized by increased cardiac output and a reduced ventricular response to str

49 heart failure is characterized by suppressed cardiac output and arterial filling pressure, leading to

50 This requires additional assessment of cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen content differen

51 SVR was higher and cardiac output and ascites volume were lower in rats wit

52 Cardiac output and blood flow are essential MRI measurem

53 g CPT, there was a moderate relation between cardiac output and BP responses after placebo administra

54 Low cardiac output and cardiac arrest, inflammation-related

55 isovolumic time with concurrent increase of cardiac output and cardiac index in the overall populati

56 Cardiac output and cardiac index were increased signific

57 0.05) reduced an L-NAME induced elevation of cardiac output and Creatine Kinase Muscle-Brain (CKMB),

58 The absolute increase in cardiac output and CVC were similar between groups, wher

59 a hemodynamic perturbation by AF or reduced cardiac output and cycle length may have a significant i

60 sepsis and was only found in models with low cardiac output and decreased renal blood flow (p < 0.000

61 ardiac contractility, ejection fraction, and cardiac output and elicited vasodilatation in rat in viv

62 Although reduced cardiac output and high burden of cardiovascular risk fa

63 ion, as illustrated by a drastically reduced cardiac output and impaired contractility and relaxation

64 systemic vascular resistance was reduced and cardiac output and left ventricular mass were increased.

65 During exercise, cardiac output and leg blood flow ( QL ) were measured v

66 x is strongly associated with a reduction in cardiac output and may not be related to other pathophys

67 rest and during exercise via alterations in cardiac output and mixed-venous PO2 .

68 relation was found between echocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output (r = 0.85; p

69 A total of 400 paired echocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output measures were

70 CUs, the mean bias between echocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output ranged from -

71 resistance, which constrains stroke volume, cardiac output and O(2) delivery thereby impairing VO2 p

72 resistance, which constrains stroke volume, cardiac output and O(2) delivery, thereby impairing VO2

73 Research on the relative contributions of cardiac output and other factors is warranted to further

74 Fluid boluses aiming to improve the cardiac output and oxygen delivery are commonly administ

75 As impaired cardiac output and peripheral oxygen diffusion are the m

76 by which the central nervous system adjusts cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance to cha

77 Exercise and saline each increased cardiac output and pressures in the right atrium, pulmon

78 uced increases in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and reductions in mean arterial pressure

79 nimals [32.4%]) and only seen with decreased cardiac output and renal blood flow.

80 by multiple defects, including reductions in cardiac output and skeletal muscle diffusion capacity.

81 Two of these steps, cardiac output and skeletal muscle O2 diffusion, were im

82 lmonary exercise tests, with measurements of cardiac output and skeletal muscle oxygenation.

83 Cardiac output and splanchnic blood flow were reduced by

84 dir) was associated with lower peak exercise cardiac output and steeper increases in exercise pulmona

85 venous pressures, and more severely impaired cardiac output and stroke volume responses to exertion,

86 and (4) Aortic acceleration time (AAT)/AET, cardiac output and stroke volume were decreased compared

87 Cardiac output and stroke volume were increased in rats

88 Cardiac output and stroke work was preserved in the MI h

89 In contrast, at isotime, minute ventilation, cardiac output and systemic oxygen delivery did not diff

90 essure and PP were continuously recorded and cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) as

91 in an fluid challenge affect the changes in cardiac output and the proportion of responders and nonr

92 ges in cardiovascular haemodynamics, such as cardiac output and vascular shear stress, that are simil

93 t against hypertension through modulation of cardiac output and/or peripheral vascular resistance.

94 power output (mean arterial blood pressure x cardiac output) and functional capacity by peak exercise

95 within 12 hours of pacemaker optimization on cardiac output, and all patients were discharged from th

96 abnormal exercise patterns in oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen content differe

97 mes in critical care, including oxygenation, cardiac output, and blood pressure, have similarly faile

98 lar total isovolumic time and stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac index in all groups.

99 EF units; p = 0.0009), as did stroke volume, cardiac output, and diastolic strain only in the combina

100 h ventricles accompanied by hypotension, low cardiac output, and high filling pressures occurring in

101 Furthermore, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and oxygen extraction ratio declined in

102 decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output, and peak ejection rate.

103 t of heart rate on cardiac electromechanics, cardiac output, and stroke volume in the perioperative s

104 rements of hepatic venous pressure gradient, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were ma

105 r cm(-5) versus 91+/-33 dyne/s per cm(-5) at cardiac output approximately 10.6 L/min; P=0.04).

106 ior vena cava is predominantly determined by cardiac output, arterial oxygen content, and oxygen cons

107 ing on the importance of the syndrome of low cardiac output as a key feature of advanced heart failur

108 measuring the heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output, as cardiac performance has been proposed

109 on (Pearson) with fractional area change and cardiac output at day 7, this effect was lost by day 28.

110 mide (GLI; 10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) would decrease cardiac output at rest (echocardiography), maximal aerob

111 e (HF: p < 0.001), and transiently increased cardiac output at the top dose (Normal: p < 0.05; HF: p

112 and chamber dilation, albeit with increased cardiac output at very low basal heart rates.

113 ease oxygen consumption and redistribute the cardiac output away from peripheral vascular beds and to

114 disagreement between studies with regard to cardiac output because of the timing of echocardiography

115 Men had greater RV volumes and cardiac output before and after indexation to body size

116 r SD FEV1/FVC decline; P < 0.0001) and lower cardiac output (beta = -0.070 L/min per SD of FEV1/FVC d

117 r SD of FVC decline; P < 0.0001) and greater cardiac output (beta = 0.109 L/min per SD of FVC decline

118 Accounting for differences in cardiac output between groups, mean pulmonary artery pre

119 e adaptations include increased ventilation, cardiac output, blood vessel growth and circulating red

120 By decreasing left cardiac output, bradycardia further contributes to cereb

121 not be dependent on moderate lung injury or cardiac output but on the metabolic production or capaci

122 dium nitrite (NaNO2) infusion would increase cardiac output but reduce systemic arterial blood pressu

123 improve ventricular filling and to maintain cardiac output, but also increases the susceptibility to

124 inal common pathway for autonomic control of cardiac output, but the neuroanatomy of this system is n

125 RMH increased cardiac output by 20 +/- 8% compared to monotonic pacing

126 exchange shunt were quantified by MIGET and cardiac output by direct Fick.

127 -diastolic volumes, LV end-systolic volumes, cardiac output, cardiac index, atrial volumes, and NT-pr

128 study setting and is able to reliably track cardiac output changes induced by cardiac output-modifyi

129 fference, whereas exercise training improved cardiac output, citrate synthase activity, and peak tiss

130 he Gorlin formula with Cheetah-NICOM monitor cardiac output (CO(Cheetah)) could produce an accurate a

131 The average (+/-s.d.) f(H), SV, and cardiac output (CO) after spontaneous breaths while rest

132 Cardiac output (CO) is a key indicator of cardiac functi

133 s ascertained using minute-by-minute PAP and cardiac output (CO) measurements to calculate a PAP/CO s

134 possesses derived features that help augment cardiac output (CO) thereby enabling EPA.

135 re reduces venous return, stroke volume, and cardiac output (CO) while causing reflex sinus rate (hea

136 stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO), and myocardial mass values calculat

137 cTOI), fractional oxygen extraction (cFTOE), cardiac output (CO), cardiac contractility (iCON) and sy

138 k (eFick) methods are widely used to measure cardiac output (CO).

139 increase in fractional area change (FAC) and cardiac output (CO).

140 HFrEF patients and evaluate: (1) changes in cardiac output (CO); (2) a potential dose-response relat

141 Despite positive vascular effects, cardiac output declined and plasma lactate increased pro

142 RV volumes and cardiac output decreased with advancing age.

143 the size of the stagnation zone increased as cardiac output decreased.

144 ude an expansion of plasma volume, increased cardiac output, decreased peripheral resistance, and inc

145 Food ingestion increased cardiac output (Deltamean, 0.45 [SD, 0.62] L.min(-1); P=

146 sures, pulmonary hypertension, and increased cardiac output, despite similar ejection fraction.

147 Cardiac index measured by the Pulse Contour Cardiac Output device (from pulse contour analysis or tr

148 f increase in pulmonary pressure relative to cardiac output displayed stronger correlations with reac

149 ic resonance imaging-assessed cardiac index (cardiac output divided by body surface area) to incident

150 Cardiac output during cardiac catheterization is often e

151 cutaneous vasodilatation and the increase in cardiac output during passive heating.

152 eater levels of cutaneous vasodilatation and cardiac output during passive heating.

153 eptor (beta-AR) stimulation ensures adequate cardiac output during stress, it can also trigger life-t

154 d: 58 +/- 17%pred.) we measured ventilation, cardiac output, dynamic hyperinflation, local muscle oxy

155 y with the pulse contour method MostCare for cardiac output estimation in a large and nonselected cri

156 respectively, noninvasive and less invasive cardiac output estimation.

157 min(-1) cannot be achieved with the assumed cardiac output, even with 100% oxygen extraction.

158 The proportion of total cardiac output flowing through the uterine artery was in

159 responsiveness was defined as an increase in cardiac output following intravenous fluid administratio

160 The need to sustain a large cardiac output for prolonged periods is associated with

161 For example, our method implicates "abnormal cardiac output" for a patient with a longstanding family

162 ), which may or may not coexist with reduced cardiac output ("forward" failure).

163 nd may be driven by left heart failure, high cardiac output from arteriovenous fistula, hypoxic lung

164 Syncope can result from a reduction in cardiac output from serious cardiac conditions, such as

165 Patients were randomized to a cardiac output-guided hemodynamic therapy algorithm (goa

166 We assessed cardiac output in 400 patients in whom an echocardiograp

167 nt bolus thermodilution over a wide range of cardiac output in an adult porcine model of hemorrhagic

168 Average o2 and cardiac output in controls and SIPE-susceptible subjects

169 e effectiveness of pacemaker optimization on cardiac output in critically ill patients with cardiogen

170 , augments both cutaneous vasodilatation and cardiac output in healthy older humans.

171 Elevated cardiac output in high-output HF patients was related to

172 rm to probe for defects in cardiogenesis and cardiac output in human induced pluripotent stem cell (i

173 an alternative to echocardiography to assess cardiac output in ICU patients with a large spectrum of

174 nstrated a dose-dependent improvement in the cardiac output in male Sprague Dawley rats with no signi

175 performed during heat stress would increase cardiac output in older adults without parallel increase

176 istration leads to a significant increase in cardiac output in only half of ICU patients.

177 ents to maintain adequate blood pressure and cardiac output in patients with cardiogenic shock althou

178 jection fraction, cardiac contractility, and cardiac output in severe hypoxia.

179 Across all patients, standard deviation of cardiac output in the aAo (0.58 L/min +/- 0.45) was sign

180 /- 0.4; p = 0.0002) associated with improved cardiac output (in n = 4; 3.0 +/- 0.6 l/min to 4.3 +/- 1

181 g sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction when cardiac output index remains low after preload correctio

182 inal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels, cardiac output/index, brachial flows (ipsilateral to AVF

183 ardiography-guided pacemaker optimization of cardiac output is a feasible bedside therapeutic option,

184 Inadequate cardiac output is associated with a poor outcome followi

185 ruited during exercise, in hypoxia, and when cardiac output is increased pharmacologically.

186 much more susceptible to acute rupture when cardiac output is increased.

187 romising left ventricular filling or forward cardiac output) is a rational, nonpharmacological strate

188 atively) to VO2 kg(-1) (r = -0.45, P< 0.05), cardiac output kg(-1) (QT kg(-1) , r = -0.54, P < 0.02),

189 w from splanchnic vasodilation and increased cardiac output lead to a further increase in portal pres

190 en minor; on average, correcting a patient's cardiac output led to a 7+/-0.5% predicted improvement i

191 hocardiography was used to assess changes in cardiac output, left ventricular filling time, ejection

192 /Doppler parameters developing in the heart (cardiac output, left ventricular stroke volume, isovolum

193 During exercise, cardiac output, leg blood flow and radial artery and fem

194 d at rest and during exercise at the assumed cardiac output levels, with reduced oxygen extraction bo

195 ssure, arterial and central venous pressure, cardiac output (LiDCOplus; LiDCO, Cambridge, United King

196 ommunication with one another to ensure that cardiac output matches the dynamic process of regional b

197 No effect was found on cardiac output, mean 6.9 +/- 1.7 L/min at baseline versu

198 Cardiac output, mean pulmonary pressure, and mean diasto

199 system (Tensys Medical, San Diego, CA) with cardiac output measured by intermittent pulmonary artery

200 Continuous cardiac output measurement using the noninvasive applana

201 One echocardiographic cardiac output measurement was compared with the corresp

202 Thermodilution is relatively accurate for cardiac output measurements in both animals and humans w

203 The aim of the present study was to compare cardiac output measurements obtained with applanation to

204 Macrocirculatory effects were assessed by cardiac output measurements, microcirculatory changes we

205 sed on comparisons with thermodilution-based cardiac output measurements.

206 chocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output measures were compared.

207 In 13 patients, cardiac output-modifying maneuvers performed for clinica

208 ably track cardiac output changes induced by cardiac output-modifying maneuvers.

209 Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and intermittent thermodilutio

210 trated a 97% concordance between noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and thermodilution cardiac out

211 Simultaneous noninvasive cardiac output monitoring and thermodilution measurement

212 study tests the hypothesis that noninvasive cardiac output monitoring based upon bioreactance (Cheet

213 and resuscitation in large pigs, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring has acceptable agreement with

214 Overall, noninvasive cardiac output monitoring percent bias was 1.47% (95% CI

215 From all published cardiac output monitoring studies reviewed, the animal m

216 acute circulatory failure, having continuous cardiac output monitoring, and receiving controlled low

217 In seven patients who required cardiac output monitoring, continuous iliac arterial tem

218 f vasodilatation with hypotension and higher cardiac outputs necessitating greater use of vasoconstri

219 The standard deviation of cardiac output observed in the aAo was significantly gre

220 ricle; these changes could explain the lower cardiac output of Delta 71 rats.

221 d ability to couple ventricular filling with cardiac output on a beat-to-beat basis.

222 The echocardiography-driven cardiac output optimization protocol led to a significan

223 l or regional hypoxia or ischemia due to low cardiac output or cardiac arrest.

224 g-induced changes in flow variables, such as cardiac output or its direct derivatives (sensitivity of

225 reflected the presence of an associated low cardiac output or low renal blood flow syndrome.

226 n was not associated with a decrease in mean cardiac output or mean heart rate.

227 Augmentation of cardiac output or related parameters following passive l

228 ssive leg raising followed by measurement of cardiac output or related parameters may be the most use

229 ed right atrial pressures, with no effect on cardiac output or stroke volume.

230 Measurements of cardiac output (or its surrogates) during passive leg ra

231 en changes in RR interval and stroke volume, cardiac output, or cardiac index in the overall populati

232 dyspnea, impaired kidney function, and lower cardiac output ( P<0.003 for all).

233 n heart rate (p < 0.0001) and an increase of cardiac output (p < 0.0001).

234 storage hearts, perfusion hearts had higher cardiac output (P = 0.004), LV dP/dt max (P = 0.003) and

235 ic function by three- to fourfold, including cardiac output, preload recruitable stroke work, and max

236 Over the wide range of cardiac output produced by hemorrhage and resuscitation

237 poxia-induced QIPAVA is not simply increased cardiac output, pulmonary artery systolic pressure or sy

238 uptake ( VO2 ) and cardiovascular function (cardiac output ( Q ); stroke volume (SV) acetylene rebre

239 Oxygen uptake (VO2; Douglas bag technique), cardiac output (Qc, foreign-gas rebreathing), ventricula

240 chocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001).

241 chocardiographic cardiac output and MostCare cardiac output ranged from -0.40 to 0.45 L/min, and the

242 om 1.95 to 9.90 L/min, and echocardiographic cardiac output ranged from 1.82 to 9.75 L/min.

243 n; p = 0.002) and normalized the increase in cardiac output relative to oxygen consumption.

244 23 vs. 304 +/- 22 bpm, both P < 0.05) while cardiac output remained unaltered (219 +/- 64 vs. 197 +/

245 ventricular filling pressures and depressed cardiac output reserve (both p < 0.0001).

246 Albuterol enhanced cardiac output reserve and right ventricular pulmonary a

247 Nitrite-enhanced cardiac output reserve improved with exercise (+0.5 +/-

248 NO3(-) increased exercise vasodilatory and cardiac output reserves.

249 dant changes in visceral function, including cardiac output, respiration and digestion.

250 dant changes in visceral function, including cardiac output, respiration and digestion.

251 The maximal change in cardiac output should be assessed 1 minute after the end

252 origin, including small aortic calibre, low cardiac output states, high vasopressor requirements cau

253 F achieved a higher peak workload, VO2 peak, cardiac output, stroke volume and leg blood flow.

254 PP, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, SVR, and ascites volume were also measur

255 nfection (12.9% vs 29.7%; p = 0.002) and low cardiac output syndrome (6.5% vs 26.6%; p = 0.002).

256 Low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery is associa

257 in small studies to prevent or treat the low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery.

258 relationship was observed for stroke and low cardiac output syndrome but not for renal replacement th

259 Composite end point reflecting low cardiac output syndrome with need for a catecholamine in

260 ve levosimendan to prevent postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.

261 Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and mean a

262 cutaneous vasodilatation and the increase in cardiac output that healthy older adults can achieve dur

263 n the levels of cutaneous vasodilatation and cardiac output that healthy older adults can achieve dur

264 intervention, conversion to sternotomy, low cardiac output that required mechanical support, aortic

265 Cardiac output (thermodilution), forearm vascular conduc

266 Fallot patients had the largest increase in cardiac output, they had lower resting (3+/-1.2 L/min pe

267 However, after adjustment for cardiac output, this change was not evident anymore (inc

268 contraction and speeding relaxation to match cardiac output to changing circulatory demands.

269 ulating the force of contraction to maintain cardiac output under changes of preload and afterload.

270 ternative approach is to temporarily augment cardiac output using mechanical devices.

271 was compared with the corresponding MostCare cardiac output value per patient, considering different

272 MostCare cardiac output values ranged from 1.95 to 9.90 L/min, an

273 he applanation tonometry technology provides cardiac output values with reasonable accuracy and preci

274 light response, incurring rapid elevation of cardiac output via activation of protein kinase A (PKA).

275 During peak exercise with fentanyl, cardiac output was 12% greater in HFrEF secondary to sig

276 This improvement in cardiac output was associated with an increase in stroke

277 n resting and in maximal heart rate, whereas cardiac output was completely preserved because of great

278 , and after the first round of measurements, cardiac output was increased by approximately 30% by con

279 Cardiac output was indexed to body surface area (cardiac

280 Cardiac output was measured simultaneously by pulmonary

281 Simultaneous cardiac output was measured using a real-time MR flow se

282 luid infusion MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cardiac output was measured with a calibrated LiDCOplus

283 The predicted maximal effect on cardiac output was observed at 1.2 minutes (95% credible

284 re are commonly used for tracking changes in cardiac output, we suggest a cautious and individualized

285 onitoring and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output were compared by Bland-Altman analysis.

286 , blood pressure, rate-pressure product, and cardiac output were greater with exercise compared with

287 ardia, though no changes in stroke volume or cardiac output were observed.

288 ced myocardial infarction, stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced in Plin2(-/-) mice compared

289 ith systemic vasodilation and an increase in cardiac output were separately identified.

290 Stroke volume and cardiac output were significantly increased versus sham.

291 hase; however, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output were similar between phases.

292 t monitoring and intermittent thermodilution cardiac output were simultaneously measured at nine time

293 urthermore, healthy older humans can augment cardiac output when cardiac pre-load is increased during

294 ization results in a significant increase in cardiac output when compared with clinically derived pac

295 ncreased afterload and preload and decreased cardiac output, whereas ventilatory consequences include

296 such changes by leading to a notable drop in cardiac output (while preserving normal ejection fractio

297 uticals clinically used for treatment of low cardiac output with cardiogenic shock.

298 f increase in pulmonary pressure relative to cardiac output with exercise >3 mm Hg/l/min.

299 Conversely, the lack of an increase in cardiac output with passive leg raising identified patie

300 on at rest can be sustained with the assumed cardiac output, with increased oxygen extraction (31.1%