ライフサイエンスコーパス: cation exchange

1 rystal periphery region was accomplished via cation exchange.

2 logy of the NPLs to be maintained during the cation exchange.

3 ostructures that could be prepared so far by cation exchange.

4 e as an indicator, we demonstrate in-droplet cation exchange.

5 llenged by competing processes: alloying and cation exchange.

6 h only if shelling is accompanied by partial cation exchange.

7 t previously attainable by kinetic routes or cation exchange.

8 aller amounts of QDs were released following cation exchange.

9 at have not been previously accessible using cation exchange.

10 lysts in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via cation exchange.

11 nanoparticles with different composition by cation exchange.

12 ework mobile cations and are widely used for cation exchange.

13 al chalcocite in situ, prior to the onset of cation exchange.

14 channels and concomitantly the mechanism of cation exchange.

15 ing water treatment with particular focus on cation exchange.

16 odium/chloride (Na/Cl) ratios resulting from cation exchange.

17 her improved by chemical engineering such as cation exchange.

18 x S transform to zincblende MnS and CoS upon cation exchange.

19 is nonelectrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE SC/CE) sorption model including a

20 These features make cation exchange a convenient tool for accessing nanocrys

21 rillonite well beyond the extent expected by cation exchange alone.

22 ) and distinct interaction mechanisms (e.g., cation exchange and cation bridging).

23 he sorbent at low surface coverage; parallel cation exchange and cooperative interactions were noted

24 tions will furnish a deeper understanding of cation exchange and inspire future applications.

25 action that accompanies the Pb(2+) for M(2+) cation exchange and is observed to scale linearly with t

26 S bonding sites, which allows for reversible cation exchange and mercury vapor capture that is superi

27 is of radioactively labeled LaeA followed by cation exchange and reverse phase chromatography identif

28 s accomplished using a combination of strong cation exchange and strong anion exchange chromatography

29 an NU-1000 metal-organic framework (MOF) via cation exchange and subsequent oxidation at 200 degrees

30 ation of two shell-growth techniques-partial-cation exchange and successive ionic layer adsorption an

31 em of a compound retained on the surface via cation exchange and the cationic amine group of an adjac

32 ulated C at 8.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), increasing cation exchange and water holding capacity by 95% and 34

33 amino group of DTBA enables its isolation by cation-exchange and facilitates its conjugation.

34 n curve, (2) Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration by cation exchange, and (3) U concentrations by surface com

35 model was developed combining precipitation, cation exchange, and surface complexation reactions to d

36 Temperature-dependent surface complexation, cation-exchange, and kinetic dissolution of K-feldspar w

37 Structural relationships in nanocrystal cation exchange are therefore dynamic, and intermediates

38 In this tutorial review, we discuss cation exchange as a promising materials synthesis and d

39 To harness cation exchange as a rational tool, we need to elucidate

40 tals, to gain insights into the mechanism of cation exchange at the nanoscale.

41 : (i) sorption via a single mechanism (e.g., cation exchange) at one sorbent receptor site type (e.g.

42 ed method for enriching apelin peptides with cation-exchange beads followed with mass spectrometry an

43 r, is traditionally defined as the degree of cation exchange between the A- and B-sites.

44 At any given temperature, cation exchange by In(3+) is approximately 2 orders of m

45 lly enhanced diffusivity is found for Mn(2+) cation exchange by In(3+).

46 in this direction is represented by partial cation exchange, by which preformed nanocrystals can be

47 This release behavior was explained by cation exchange (Ca(2+) in exchange sites were replaced

48 y be likely in soils with exceptionally high cation exchange capacities (>0.7 mol charge/kg) and low

49 The gelation capacity (8%) and the cation exchange capacity (8.96mEq/kg) of okara(ET) were

50 , HOC, and ROC, respectively), clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, volumetric water con

51 onic surfactant (BDTAC) up to four times the cation exchange capacity (CEC).

52 measures of benzylamine sorption, effective cation exchange capacity alone, or a model from the lite

53 by the increased hydroxyl concentration; the cation exchange capacity did however show an unexpected

54 on was found only for anionic PFASs, whereas cation exchange capacity had an approximate positive cor

55 The cation exchange capacity is controlled by the sulfonatio

56 The cation exchange capacity of bare PMMA capillaries was on

57 The surface area and cation exchange capacity of frustules were about 400 m(2

58 nce, cation loss represents >30% of the base-cation exchange capacity of soils.

59 such as pH, clay content and mineralogy, and cation exchange capacity, also influence C60 soil sorpti

60 nd composition) and soil properties (such as cation exchange capacity, clay content, bulk density) 24

61 equilibrium constants of clay minerals, and cation exchange capacity.

62 zed them for properties that included pH and cation exchange capacity.

63 e., synergism) in soils with high and medium cation-exchange capacity (CEC) but less than additive (a

64 extractable metals were similar to trends of cation-exchange capacity (CEC) calculated from synchrotr

65 observed at concentrations below 10% of the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) for Illite and kaolinite

66 acity, swelling, water solubility index, and cation-exchange capacity and decreasing the oil-holding

67 roups that significantly increase the soils' cation-exchange capacity and thus the retention of plant

68 ption to clay is normalized to the estimated cation-exchange capacity attributed to clay minerals (CE

69 ns for thin-layer ionophore-based films with cation-exchange capacity read out with cyclic voltammetr

70 soils with varying organic carbon, effective cation-exchange capacity, and anion-exchange capacity wa

71 Cation exchange (CE) has been recognized as a particular

72 We studied cation exchange (CE) in core/shell Cu2-xSe/Cu2-xS nanoro

73 InS2 (copper indium sulfide, CIS) NPls via a cation exchange (CE) reaction.

74 Here, a detailed transformation diagram of cation-exchange (CE) chemistry from cadmium sulfide (CdS

75 (CDPs), an anion-exchange (AE) resin, and a cation-exchange (CE) resin for the removal of anionic, z

76 ary complexity would be achievable by simple cation exchange chemistry and a basic understanding of t

77 es the antibody to elute earlier in the weak cation exchange chromatogram.

78 using sequential hydrophobic interaction and cation-exchange chromatographies and then purified by af

79 n, Sb, and Li were efficiently removed using cation exchange chromatography (AG50W-X8).

80 In this setup, cation exchange chromatography (CEX) and reverse-phase l

81 opeptide enrichment, fractionation by strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX) and analysis by liq

82 lonal antibodies (mAbs) are analyzed by weak-cation exchange chromatography (WCX).

83 Here we apply pH gradient cation exchange chromatography and microfluidic capillar

84 with low molecular weight cut-off membranes, cation exchange chromatography and reversed phase high p

85 h an average accuracy of 3%, comparable to a cation exchange chromatography based approach performed

86 oring of foulant deposition during multimode cation exchange chromatography based purification of hum

87 of the reaction products by high resolution cation exchange chromatography combined with the knowled

88 taking advantage of the robust online strong cation exchange chromatography for tryptic peptide fract

89 onation procedure using economical anion and cation exchange chromatography on HiTrap resins was eval

90 alone identified 8% and LC-MS/MS with strong cation exchange chromatography prefractionation identifi

91 The HPIC separation was carried out through cation exchange chromatography using methanesulfonic aci

92 (mAb) purified by Protein A column elution, cation exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration was

93 By using cation exchange chromatography, the BBI isoinhibitors we

94 lar medium by differential precipitation and cation exchange chromatography.

95 enom using size exclusion chromatography and cation exchange chromatography.

96 process using extraction chromatography and cation exchange chromatography.

97 activity were pooled and further purified by cation exchange chromatography.

98 ersed-phase liquid chromatography and strong cation exchange chromatography.

99 process using extraction chromatography and cation exchange chromatography.

100 as this complexity could not be unraveled by cation exchange chromatography.

101 The isotopes were purified by means of cation exchange chromatography.

102 ers could be separated and isolated by using cation-exchange chromatography and subsequent salt-metat

103 The enantiomers of 1 and 2 are separated by cation-exchange chromatography on Sephadex C25 using sod

104 of generator-produced (68)Ga on the basis of cation-exchange chromatography using EtOH/HCl medium has

105 MGB) proteins consistently cofractionated by cation-exchange chromatography with the histone dimer (H

106 he present study, an HPLC (with an anion and cation exchange column connected in series)-arsine gener

107 tion (silver-ion) UHPLC column from a strong cation exchange column for (2)D, coupled with UV and LC1

108 ng from pH 8.2 to 10.9 on a polymer monolith cation-exchange column for high throughput profiling of

109 Another 2DLC method using a cation-exchange column in the first dimension and the sa

110 feat impossible with a comparable commercial cation-exchange column.

111 An ion-exchange-HPLC (with anion and cation exchange columns) and an ICPMS/MS system were use

112 compatible filter, orthogonal reversed-phase/cation-exchange columns (RP/IEX-HPLC), UV/vis detector,

113 (4+), Fe(3+), Zn(2+), and Ti(4+)) on various cation-exchange columns has been investigated with a var

114 soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex.

115 and temperatures on adsorption efficiency of cation exchange cryogels for lysozyme were determined.

116 yme adsorption capacities of strong and weak cation exchange cryogels were found to be 188.3 and 79.7

117 Cation exchange (CX) in the nonfluorescent ZnS nanocryst

118 emoval of matrix peptides and components via cation-exchange (CX) reversed-phase (RP) SPE with strate

119 The application of an online cation exchange device (ion suppressor) enhanced the pre

120 ade of cellulose paper (75-mum thickness), a cation-exchange Donnan exclusion membrane (FKL), and a s

121 t (DeltaE(incorporation) = -0.41 eV) and the cation exchange energy (DeltaE(exchange) = -0.34 eV).

122 ide of materials synthesis, applications for cation exchange exist in water purification, chemical st

123 Cation-exchange extraction of polypeptide protamine from

124 y slows down at the mixed potential based on cation-exchange extraction of protamine.

125 Through optimizing the cation-exchange extraction process, we improved the lowe

126 trioctylphosphine, a Lewis base that drives cation exchange, extracts sulfur to produce tetragonal c

127 Cation exchange favoring Cs and Rb ions, and subsequent

128 solid phase extraction (SPE) and silver-form cation exchange filtration were utilized to desalt and p

129 This report highlights the versatility of cation exchange for accessing nanocrystals with covalent

130 imitations in bulk systems and fully exploit cation exchange for materials synthesis and discovery vi

131 omatography, but clearly outperformed strong cation exchange for use in first dimensional peptide sep

132 r a medium complex sample and 59% for strong cation exchange-fractionated HEK293T cell lysate in XL-M

133 A common synthesis route for Cu2S via cation exchange from CdS nanocrystals requires Cu(I) pre

134 The structure and the cation-exchange functional groups of hybrid silica mater

135 e been developed to date, transformations by cation exchange have recently emerged as an extremely ve

136 the specific adsorption of alkaline ionomer cation-exchange head groups on electrocatalysts surfaces

137 We have prepared a unique series of cation-exchanged Hg(x)Cd(1-x)Te quantum dots (QDs) and s

138 Weak cation exchange hydrophilic interaction chromatography w

139 0, 5-6 kDa) were separated by optimized weak cation exchange/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatog

140 s report, we identify Co-MFU-4l, prepared by cation exchange in a metal-organic framework, as a solid

141 ere, we present a method that allows partial cation exchange in colloidal CsPbBr3 NCs, whereby Pb(2+)

142 This demonstration of cation exchange in droplets is significant because of it

143 um in the environment is largely mediated by cation exchange in micaceous clays, in particular Illite

144 nt rapidly quenches the quantum dots through cation exchange (ionic etching), and facilitates renal c

145 The results show that cation exchange is a robust process for removal of Ca(2+

146 Cation exchange is already allowing access to a variety

147 Cation exchange is an age-old technique for the chemical

148 Cation exchange is an emerging synthetic route for modif

149 In contrast, property control by cation exchange is still underdeveloped for colloidal Cs

150 and suggests that the Cs sorption mechanism (cation exchange) is not similarly affected by colloid fo

151 AgNPs and clay from the soil was induced by cation exchange (K(+) for Ca(2+)) that reduced the bridg

152 electrolysers, the acidic environment of the cation exchange layer results in low CO(2) reduction eff

153 ile IgG1 mAb drug substance were profiled by cation-exchange liquid chromatography (CEX) followed by

154 ersed phase, weak anion exchange, and strong cation exchange material.

155 tyon panduriforme (NP), were investigated as cation exchange materials for lysozyme purification from

156 In vivo cation exchange may be a promising strategy to enhance s

157 hase extraction (SPE) method employing mixed cation exchange (MCX) cartridges, obtaining an off-line

158 ged) polar organic solutes to neutral (HLB), cation-exchanging (MCX, WCX), and anion-exchanging (MAX,

159 branes [anion exchange membrane (AEM) with a cation exchange membrane (CEM) or a bipolar membrane (BP

160 We characterize a high-capacity cation exchange membrane (CEM) synthesized from an aqueo

161 ed at the anode were transported through the cation exchange membrane and into the draw solution, low

162 iles of the AEM/CEM (anion exchange membrane/cation exchange membrane) interface show that the transi

163 d that, because of the Donnan equilibrium at cation exchange membrane-anolyte/catholyte interfaces, t

164 separated from the outer compartments with a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and an anion-exchange mem

165 and depletion phenomena of an ion-selective cation-exchange membrane created under an applied electr

166 We developed a cation-exchange membrane-based dual-channel system to me

167 na Loa than in Reno, and greater still for a cation-exchange membrane-based measurement system.

168 third soil (high P) with AEM together with a cation-exchange membrane.

169 used to determine if measurements made with cation exchange membranes (CEM) were comparable to stand

170 TK, PBMTK, and RMTK) with RMCEM collected on cation exchange membranes (CEMs) at the high altitude Pi

171 cts using both novel and existing commercial cation exchange membranes (CEMs).

172 Cation exchange membranes had the highest collection eff

173 denuders with that collected using nylon and cation exchange membranes in the laboratory and field.

174 m composite (TFC) membrane, held between two cation exchange membranes.

175 ng KCl-coated denuders, nylon membranes, and cation-exchange membranes, was investigated at relative

176 additional humidity enhanced GOM recovery on cation-exchange membranes.

177 Here, we demonstrate a versatile partial cation exchange method to fabricate lamellar Ag-CoSe2 na

178 sive, molecularly efficient and solubilising cation exchanging method using off-the-shelf reagents.

179 by a "replacement column" that consists of a cation-exchange micromembrane suppressor continuously re

180 ine samples were extracted by both anion and cation exchange mixed-mode polymeric SPE cartridges and

181 us phase was subjected to anion-exchange and cation-exchange/mixed mode chromatography with aqueous a

182 This study evaluates a newly proposed cation-exchange model that defines the sorption of organ

183 A sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation exchange monolith microreactor was synthesized an

184 A detachable sulfonate-silica hybrid strong cation-exchange monolith was synthesized in a fused sili

185 50 mM formic acid and loaded onto the strong cation-exchange monolith.

186 It is found that cation exchange near the surface leads to the most stabl

187 ing ring substituents displayed decreases in cation exchange-normalized sorption coefficients (K(CEC)

188 e plays a key role in the mechanism by which cation exchange occurs and the product that forms.

189 Since nanoscale cation exchange occurs rapidly at room temperature, it c

190 Here, we demonstrate that cation exchange of cadmium pnictide nanocrystals with gr

191 Subsequent cation exchange of Cu to Cd at high temperature (180 deg

192 e been accessed previously through analogous cation exchange of roxbyite Cu2-x S, demonstrates the se

193 coordinated cations--can be preserved during cation exchange of roxbyite-type Cu2-xS nanocrystals to

194 elated zincblende vs. wurtzite polymorphs by cation exchange of structurally distinct templates.

195 It is believed that cation exchange offers new insights and opportunities fo

196 CTSs block the extracellular cation exchange pathway, and cation-binding sites I and

197 ent, this study aims to assess the long-term cation exchange performance of zeolites in concrete deri

198 y of the probe towards dopamine molecules, a cation exchange polymer, nafion, is utilized as a membra

199 Labeling of PSMA(HBED) was optimized for cation-exchange postprocessing methods, ensuring almost

200 ing of (68)Ga-PSMA(HBED) using the efficient cation-exchange postprocessing of (68)Ga as well as the

201 DOM was actively involved during the cation exchange process through complexation, adsorption

202 The sequential anion/cation exchange process was applied to pseudo-spherical

203 developed acidification module relies on the cation-exchange process between the sample and an ion-ex

204 ground electrolyte that enables one to block cation exchange processes and to restrict the Zn uptake

205 cation detachment largely explains the slow cation exchange processes at the interface.

206 Fe-Mn- and sulfate-reduction and cation-exchange processes may mobilize polonium from min

207 Comparison of its Cs(+) cation exchange properties at pH 8 and pH 13 unexpectedl

208 Chabazite demonstrates excellent cation-exchange properties in simulated young cement por

209 bSe quantum dots (QDs) using a postsynthetic cation exchange reaction in which Pb is exchanged for Ag

210 of aluminum hydroxide allows progress of the cation exchange reaction leading to hardness removal.

211 Here we propose a novel cation exchange reaction that takes advantage of the red

212 The NCCs were porous and allowed fast cation exchange reaction to release an ultralarge number

213 ATMS retain their size and shape during the cation-exchange reaction and are either single-layer or

214 The synthesis proceeds via a cation-exchange reaction starting from single- and multi

215 de (64)Cu into CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs via a cation-exchange reaction.

216 It is now shown that anion and cation exchange reactions can be coupled together and ap

217 We studied cation exchange reactions in colloidal Cu(2-x)Se nanocry

218 We have investigated cation exchange reactions in copper selenide nanocrystal

219 Cation exchange reactions of colloidal copper sulfide na

220 olled by dissolution as Ag(+) and subsequent cation exchange reactions regardless of the applied silv

221 Cation exchange reactions were performed in the presence

222 structures and used as the host material in cation exchange reactions with Pb(2+) ions.

223 he nanoheterostructures, formed upon partial cation exchange reactions, is intimately connected not o

224 n-type doping can be realized via sequential cation-exchange reactions mediated by the Cu(+) ions.

225 re, we present a systematic investigation of cation-exchange reactions that involve the displacement

226 nterfaces by applying up to seven sequential cation-exchange reactions to copper sulfide nanorod prec

227 Here we develop cation-exchange reactions to introduce p-type dopants (C

228 ormations, the scope of existing nanocrystal cation-exchange reactions was expanded to include 3d tra

229 chemistry thus shares some similarities with cation-exchange reactions, but proceeds without the loss

230 ed strategy, including sequential anion- and cation-exchange reactions, integrates two distinct sulfi

231 etween immiscible phases by pH changes or by cation-exchange reactions.

232 The (99m)Tc solution was passed through a cation exchange resin and an alumina cartridge, followed

233 ew grams of low-cost, commercially available cation exchange resin can be repurposed to extract heavy

234 removal capacity of the HSBS and that of the cation exchange resin for the three metals demonstrates

235 Use of a cation exchange resin in Al(3+)-form for hardness remova

236 The dSPE using a strong cation exchange resin increased the selectivity and sens

237 plished using a combination of a strong-acid cation exchange resin to separate barium and radium from

238 thereal diazomethane over peptides on strong cation exchange resin within a microfluidic device, pept

239 Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) using XAD-8, a cation exchange resin, and PPL, a styrene-divinylbenzene

240 etal ions on Dowex Marathon C, a strong acid cation exchange resin.

241 finished beer, which were extracted through cation exchange resin.

242 nd to sorption onto a commercially available cation exchange resin.

243 The (63)Cu-(63)Zn mixture was trapped on a cation-exchange resin and rinsed with water, and the (63

244 d to monitor heavy metal pollution that uses cation-exchange resin sachets and the micro-XRF core-sca

245 extraction using silica gel C-18 and DSC-SCX cation-exchange resin.

246 orption mechanism of organic contaminants on cation exchange resins (CXRs) will enable application of

247 d complexed zinc, and identified appropriate cation exchange resins for the individual systems.

248 Though highly selective organic cation exchange resins have been developed for most poll

249 Both magnetically enhanced and nonmagnetic cation exchange resins were converted to Na, Mg, Ca, Sr,

250 performing traditional solid acid catalysts (cation-exchange resins, sulfated oxides, and acidic zeol

251 rated in a heart-cut multidimensional strong-cation-exchange-reversed-phase liquid chromatography pro

252 aration and a newly developed shorter strong cation exchange (SCX) assay.

253 GE) which is also shown to outperform strong cation exchange (SCX) in terms of resolution, gain of si

254 simple solid-phase extraction step by strong cation exchange (SCX) or reversed phase (RP), and LC-MS

255 eptide retention prediction model for strong cation exchange (SCX) separation on a Polysulfoethyl A c

256 increase the depth of the proteome, a strong cation exchange (SCX) separation, carefully tuned to imp

257 with strong anion exchange (SAX) and strong cation exchange (SCX) StageTip techniques.

258 method is based on a two-dimensional strong cation exchange (SCX) strategy, operating at two differe

259 In this work, we coupled strong cation exchange (SCX)-reversed-phase LC (RPLC) to CZE-MS

260 alyzed in parallel using conventional strong-cation exchange (SCX)-RPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

261 , dual-stage online cleanup that uses strong cation-exchange (SCX) followed by reversed-phase desalti

262 extractions: reversed-phase (C18) and strong cation-exchange (SCX).

263 of discrete molecular layers of water alters cation exchange selectivities in a poorly understood way

264 d basaluminite precipitation reactions and a cation exchange selectivity coefficient K(Na\Al) of 0.3,

265 Cation exchange selectivity coefficients for Tl(+) with

266 near neutral solutions demonstrated that the cation exchange selectivity remains unaffected by the in

267 e chromatographically resolved using a novel cation-exchange separation, incorporating a pH gradient.

268 rthogonal chromatography was performed using cation exchange (silica) and anion exchange (propylamine

269 mapped and visualized during shell growth or cation exchange simply using absorption transition stren

270 It was also shown that introduction of cation-exchanging sites to the microspheres significantl

271 ), and cleaned up by a reversed phase/strong cation exchange solid phase extraction.

272 vivo experiments were purified by mixed-mode cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and analyzed by u

273 Weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction was employed for

274 four components: (1) isolation using strong cation-exchange solid-phase extraction, (2) derivatizati

275 e, mixed-mode anion exchange, and mixed-mode cation exchange sorbent chemistry.

276 Mix-mode cation exchange sorbent yielded the best matrix effect f

277 is nonelectrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange sorption model was used to quantitativel

278 By virtue, the cation exchange strategy greatly boosts the intrinsic an

279 Here, the recent advances in cation exchange strategy, which is a powerful tool for f

280 ly, the purpose of this work is the design a cation exchange system for purification of lysozyme from

281 tion-mediated reactions, including anion and cation exchange, that chemically transform colloidal nan

282 CdS formed on the nanocrystal surface during cation exchange, these flat quantum disks form an intere

283 ific quantum dot system that permits in vivo cation exchange to achieve selective background quenchin

284 ctor nanocrystals by demonstrating selective cation exchange to convert precursor Yb(3+)-doped NaInS2

285 electrostatic self-assembly and Cd(2+)/Cu(+) cation exchange to obtain an anisotropic core-shell nano

286 of nanoparticle detachment, dissolution, and cation exchange to silver elution, and to estimate silve

287 Here we use cation exchange to synthesize mercury chalcogenide NPLs.

288 ertion is facilitated by an energy-efficient cation-exchange transformation.

289 Cation exchange transformations in nanocrystals can be t

290 Cation-exchange transformations add a new dimension to t

291 quid chromatography [(U)HPLC] using a strong cation-exchange trap in series with a fused-core HPLC co

292 These experiments indicate that cation exchange, under the specific conditions of this w

293 ethod with isotope dilution and SPE based on cation-exchange was developed for determination of free

294 IEX methods used with on-line LC were a weak cation exchange (WCX) separation and a newly developed s

295 onoclonal antibody were collected using weak cation exchange (WCX)-10 chromatography and characterize

296 functional column, combining RPLC, anion and cation exchange, which allows the simultaneous determina

297 y described methods and other paths, such as cation exchange, which expand the range of available mat

298 Nanocrystal cation exchange, which proceeds rapidly under mild condi

299 namic and permanently populated by transient cations exchanging with other cations in the interior ca

300 Zn-based metal-organic framework via simple cation exchange, yielding dual luminescent centers compr