ライフサイエンスコーパス: caveolar

1 PAF increased the caveolar abundance of TRPC6 channels, which was similarl

2 cavin 2 null mice correlate with changes in caveolar abundance.

3 In patient skin fibroblasts, CAV1 and caveolar accessory protein levels are reduced, fewer cav

4 These results demonstrate the caveolar accumulation of glycosphingolipids in an in vit

5 A model consisting of two submembrane (caveolar and extracaveolar) microdomains and one bulk cy

6 om cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains (caveolar and lipid rafts) were identified.

7 yocytes, RhoA and Rac1 were detected in both caveolar and non-caveolar fractions as assessed using de

8 ins, connexins, the lipid membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and the possibilit

9 connexins, and the plasma membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and their influenc

10 erential targeting of Kv channel subtypes to caveolar and noncaveolar rafts within a single membrane

11 independent of interleukin-2 receptor/raft-, caveolar- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis and phagocyt

12 GTP stimulated, whereas GTPgammaS prevented, caveolar budding and endocytosis of the cholera toxin B

13 omplexes form a distinct coat all around the caveolar bulb.

14 data, we suggest that Trp3 is assembled in a caveolar Ca(2+) signaling complex with IP(3)R, SERCA, Ga

15 AMP, but also produces a rebound increase in caveolar cAMP following termination of M(2)R activity.

16 AR activation ( approximately 2 microM), but caveolar cAMP varies in a range more appropriate for reg

17 imulation, M(2)R activation not only reduces caveolar cAMP, but also produces a rebound increase in c

18 y reduces the beta(1)AR-induced increases in caveolar cAMP, with less effect on bulk cAMP; and 3), du

19 The formation of bacteria-encapsulating caveolar chambers in BMMCs represents a distinct mechani

20 n which there is a preferential oxidation of caveolar cholesterol.

21 e majority of SNAP-23 is associated with non-caveolar, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.

22 a homogenous 80S complex, which we term the caveolar coat complex.

23 is composed of repeating units of a unitary caveolar coat complex.

24 on microscopy (MiniSOG), we demonstrate that caveolar coat complexes form a distinct coat all around

25 , labeled using cavin-MiniSOG, show that the caveolar coat is composed of repeating units of a unitar

26 iking colocalization between dynamin and the caveolar coat protein caveolin.

27 n rhodamine-riboflavin and the immunostained caveolar coat protein, caveolin 1, suggest that the acti

28 the levels of the plasma membrane-associated caveolar coat proteins caveolin3 and cavin1 were both no

29 ns and peripherally attached cavins form the caveolar coat whose structure has remained elusive.

30 3D electron tomograms of the caveolar coat, labeled using cavin-MiniSOG, show that th

31 oosens, Cav1 molecules within the oligomeric caveolar coat.

32 and appear to be the building blocks of the caveolar coat.

33 cell with the muscle-specific isoform of the caveolar coating protein caveolin-3, and with a fraction

34 h the bulk cytosolic compartment but not the caveolar compartment associated with betaAR regulation o

35 is PDGF signaling cascade is halted when the caveolar compartment is disassembled by filipin.

36 t activation of RhoA or Rac1, localized in a caveolar compartment, is essential for sensing externall

37 ggests that VEGF signaling occurs within the caveolar compartment.

38 o stimulate cAMP production in cytosolic and caveolar compartments of intact cardiac myocytes, while

39 These results document the existence of a caveolar complex between CAT1 and eNOS in PAEC that prov

40 ract with caveolin proteins to form a stable caveolar complex or if expression of flotillins can driv

41 cells, they form a stable hetero-oligomeric "caveolar complex." In support of these observations, we

42 In this study, we estimated the extent of caveolar deformation by measuring the density of caveoli

43 g through depletion of caveolin-1, prevented caveolar-dependent BKV internalization and repressed BKV

44 nent and used a combination of clathrin- and caveolar-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis.

45 were endocytosed rapidly via a dynamin- and caveolar-dependent pathway.

46 as well as in cell types that do not harbor caveolar diaphragms in situ induced de novo formation of

47 V1 provides a framework for endothelial cell caveolar diaphragms, this protein may serve to enhance g

48 Membrane stretching causes caveolar disassembly, release of cavin complexes into th

49 The caveolar disrupting agent, filipin (10 nM), abolished th

50 rough the S1P(1) receptor and lost following caveolar disruption.

51 v), the principal structural proteins of the caveolar domains, have been implicated in the pathogenes

52 ein known to oligomerize, associate with non-caveolar DRMs and is distantly related to flotillins.

53 Inhibition of caveolar endocytosis also reduced infection by reovirus

54 We previously demonstrated that caveolar endocytosis and beta1-integrin signaling are st

55 GSLs; a subgroup of SLs) selectively blocked caveolar endocytosis and decreased caveolin-1 and caveol

56 Caveolar endocytosis and PM caveolae could be restored i

57 -threo-sphingosine, (1) selectively inhibits caveolar endocytosis and SV40 virus infection, (2) block

58 a1 integrin in human skin fibroblasts blocks caveolar endocytosis and the stimulation of signaling by

59 gest that glycosphingolipids internalized by caveolar endocytosis are rapidly delivered to early endo

60 Stimulation of caveolar endocytosis did not occur using ceramide or pho

61 Caveolar endocytosis has an important function in the ce

62 eta1-integrins were rapidly internalized via caveolar endocytosis in cells treated with C8-LacCer or

63 ndocytosis, and filipin (C(35)H(58)O(11)), a caveolar endocytosis inhibitor, did not have any effect

64 Caveolar endocytosis is an important mechanism for the u

65 However, the regulation of caveolar endocytosis is not well understood.

66 These results suggest that caveolar endocytosis is regulated by a balance of caveol

67 Here, we demonstrate that caveolar endocytosis is regulated by syntaxin 6, a targe

68 ese observations support the hypothesis that caveolar endocytosis is specialized for transport of mem

69 nd suggest that inhibition of MLCK-dependent caveolar endocytosis may represent an approach to restor

70 In this manner, NEU3 silencing enhanced the caveolar endocytosis of beta1 integrin, blocked its recy

71 e caveolin-2 protein product, to mediate the caveolar endocytosis of specific ligands, to negatively

72 c cargoes the potential cellular function of caveolar endocytosis remains unclear.

73 Stimulated caveolar endocytosis required src kinase and PKC-alpha a

74 al that reovirus ISVPs can take advantage of caveolar endocytosis to establish productive infection.

75 Our findings directly link lesion removal by caveolar endocytosis to the maintenance of plasma membra

76 ocessing via macropinocytosis, although some caveolar endocytosis was implicated.

77 f growth conditions) dramatically stimulates caveolar endocytosis with little or no effect on other e

78 ween blastomeres; and (b) they are active in caveolar endocytosis, a prerequisite for ligand-receptor

79 nd that PV enters HBMEC by dynamin-dependent caveolar endocytosis, and that entry depends on intracel

80 We also determined that macropinocytosis and caveolar endocytosis, both established routes of virus e

81 (MBCD) and nystatin (Nys), drugs inhibiting caveolar endocytosis.

82 er loss were both prevented by inhibition of caveolar endocytosis.

83 This requires MLCK activation and caveolar endocytosis.

84 embrane microdomains and decreased uptake by caveolar endocytosis.

85 to the cell surface, which are required for caveolar endocytosis.

86 ith GSLs reversed this effect and stimulated caveolar endocytosis.

87 , reduced ceramide production, and disrupted caveolar endocytosis.

88 phingomyelinase, and rapid lesion removal by caveolar endocytosis.

89 eficient cells rescues protein transport and caveolar endocytosis.

90 nd dominant-negative caveolin-1, which block caveolar endocytosis.

91 dc42-regulated pinocytosis while stimulating caveolar endocytosis.

92 We also observed that anchoring caveolar eNOS to the plasma membrane uncouples eNOS phos

93 flow and pressure in situ rapidly activates caveolar eNOS with apparent eNOS dissociation from caveo

94 ined the downstream trafficking events after caveolar entry of HPV31 into human keratinocytes.

95 nique viral pathway by which the virions use caveolar entry to eventually access a low-pH site that a

96 The caveolar fatty acids were extracted with Folch reagent,

97 In the transfected cells, caveolar FC and FC efflux were both increased.

98 ctural protein of cell surface caveolae) and caveolar FC were decreased along with FC efflux.

99 combinant dynamin alone supports GTP-induced caveolar fission in a cell-free assay whereas its remova

100 This caveolar fission requires interaction with cytosolic dyn

101 ysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) induced caveolar fission.

102 onsequent changes in their localization upon caveolar flattening.

103 Adenovirus for Cav-3 increased caveolar formation and phosphorylation of survival kinas

104 The extent of caveolar formation and the role of caveolin-1 signalling

105 nd -2, their interactions and their roles in caveolar formation in polarized epithelial cells.

106 orm in cardiac myocytes, is a determinant of caveolar formation.

107 in, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and ZO-2 in the caveolar fraction of HBMECs.

108 stribution of membrane-free cholesterol to a caveolar fraction or alters the accessibility of this me

109 Rac1 were detected in both caveolar and non-caveolar fractions as assessed using detergent-free floa

110 pletion redistributed the BK channels to non-caveolar fractions of BAECs, resulting in BK channel act

111 also the CCE-insensitive mutants occurred in caveolar fractions of the plasma membranes, even though

112 immunoreactivity were extracted into buoyant caveolar fractions with Triton X-100.

113 The S1P(1) receptor was concentrated in caveolar fractions, and associated with caveolin-3 and t

114 t of activation of calpain on CaR protein in caveolar fractions, we analyzed the effects of m-calpain

115 s accumulated in endothelial plasma membrane caveolar fractions.

116 t of the receptor to the plasma membrane and caveolar fractions.

117 eNOS, and caveolin-1 levels were highest in caveolar fractions.

118 on of protein kinase C and the regulation of caveolar function by protein kinase C are well known.

119 ermeability, we hypothesized that defects in caveolar function might be a common mechanism by which B

120 This allowed for dissecting bona fide caveolar functions from those supported by mere caveolin

121 rane (PM) and their role in the mechanism of caveolar fusion.

122 CAVEOLIN1 and CAVIN1, the two essential caveolar genes, are direct target genes of YAP/TAZ, regu

123 assembly of EHD2 is dependent on cavin1 and caveolar integrity.

124 rom the caveolae, possibly through flattened caveolar intermediates.

125 caveolae; however, the factors that regulate caveolar internalization are still unclear.

126 ey steps in PKCalpha desensitization include caveolar internalization, priming site dephosphorylation

127 -shaping protein syndapin III is crucial for caveolar invagination and KO rendered the cells sensitiv

128 is revealed that astrocytes possess numerous caveolar invaginations of the plasma membrane.

129 he efficient uptake and transport of a known caveolar ligand, i.e. albumin, in vivo.

130 ; (ii) defects in the endocytosis of a known caveolar ligand, i.e. fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin

131 a "vital marker" for endosomes derived from caveolar-like endocytosis, and (c) identify two independ

132 ch we have designated "ER-X," is enriched in caveolar-like microdomains (CLMs) of postnatal, but not

133 rgeting of SL analogues internalized via the caveolar-like pathway was selectively perturbed by eleva

134 most exclusively by a clathrin-independent ("caveolar-like") mechanism, whereas an analogue of sphing

135 Caveolar lipid composition was analyzed by nano-electros

136 nderlying pathogenesis of Fabry disease, the caveolar lipid content of primary cultured mouse aortic

137 The precise caveolar lipid profile and the roles of the major caveol

138 molecular dynamic simulations to define the caveolar lipid profile.

139 he lipid membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and the possibility that altering c

140 e plasma membrane including caveolar and non-caveolar lipid rafts and their influence on integral sig

141 tecture, characterized by uniquely organized caveolar lipid rafts.

142 The caveolar lipid sorting capability includes selectivities

143 is well established, the contribution of the caveolar/lipid raft pathway has been little explored.

144 results indicate that MCPyV enters cells via caveolar/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis but not macropi

145 ceptor kinase prompted us to investigate the caveolar localization and regulation of the insulin rece

146 iation and further define disruption of NOS3 caveolar localization and shear-induced mobilization as

147 Here we present evidence that caveolar localization is required for physiologic signal

148 membrane association, and the corresponding caveolar localization of eNOS have not been shown.

149 for the "arginine paradox" and explains why caveolar localization of eNOS is required for optimal ni

150 Caveolar localization of protein kinase C and the regula

151 the effect of stretch on the activation and caveolar localization of RhoA and Rac1 in neonatal rat c

152 brane attachment signals: the CSD, dictating caveolar localization, and the C terminus, driving trans

153 CD8 transmembrane domain, which has nominal caveolar localization.

154 , together with ATP binding, is required for caveolar localization.

155 To determine the functional impact of the caveolar-localized beta(2)-AR/Ca(v)1.2 signaling complex

156 ar localization of L-type Ca(2+) channels to caveolar macromolecular signaling complexes is essential

157 The caveolar markers ganglioside GM1 and H-ras were found co

158 No role for the clathrin- and caveolar-mediated endocytosis in the IFN-gamma-induced i

159 protracted internalization of the EGFR via a caveolar-mediated endocytosis, which leads to EGFR degra

160 BKV enters HRPTEC by caveolar-mediated endocytosis.

161 ed internalization of the EGFR primarily via caveolar-mediated endocytosis.

162 chlorpromazine, suggesting an involvement of caveolar-mediated endocytosis.

163 Furthermore, caveolar-mediated shear stress response activates YAP/TA

164 hesis that altered enrichment of NOS3 in the caveolar membrane defines Glu298Asp genotype-specific re

165 he principal structural protein component of caveolar membrane domains, inhibits cellular proliferati

166 Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), an integral component of caveolar membrane domains, is expressed in several retin

167 to the plasma membrane, and is excluded from caveolar membrane domains.

168 veolins are structural protein components of caveolar membrane domains.

169 Basal caveolar membrane enrichment was carried out to quantita

170 The purity of the caveolar membrane fraction was verified by Western blot

171 d significantly lower NOS3 enrichment in the caveolar membrane fraction.

172 oblot analysis, eNOS protein was detected in caveolar membrane fractions isolated from endothelial ce

173 tion studies were in complete agreement with caveolar membrane preparation findings.

174 Polygonal caveolar membrane profiles were revealed in tomograms of

175 Despite an intact caveolar membrane system, the Cav-2-null lung parenchyma

176 enzymatic activity was 9.4-fold enriched in caveolar membrane versus whole plasma membrane, whereas

177 n as defined by polyhedral distortion of the caveolar membrane.

178 of PTRF/cavin-1, which fails to localize to caveolar membranes after oxidative stress, inhibits oxid

179 14 promotes the sequestration of Sirt1 into caveolar membranes and activates p53/senescence signalin

180 ess promotes the sequestration of Sirt1 into caveolar membranes and the interaction of Sirt1 with cav

181 sodium channel was found to colocalize with caveolar membranes by immunoprecipitation, indirect immu

182 The levels of cholesterol enriched in caveolar membranes declined in parallel with the progres

183 techniques an anti-dynamin antibody isolated caveolar membranes directly from a hepatocyte postnuclea

184 studies show that Nrf2 is concentrated into caveolar membranes in human and mouse fibroblasts, where

185 embrane protein, is a principal component of caveolar membranes in vivo.

186 embrane protein, is a principal component of caveolar membranes in vivo.

187 caveolin-1 limits the movement of Nrf2 from caveolar membranes to the nucleus.

188 n of cardiac sodium channels associated with caveolar membranes to the sarcolemma.

189 n of Mdm2, a negative regulator of p53, into caveolar membranes, away from p53, and activation of the

190 aveolin-1, a structural protein component of caveolar membranes, is a direct binding partner of Sirt1

191 ytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, into caveolar membranes.

192 e concentrated on the cytoplasmic surface of caveolar membranes.

193 nates with proteins selectively expressed in caveolar membranes.

194 pid (2-minute) translocation of erbB4 out of caveolar microdomain in cardiac myocytes.

195 These results demonstrate that caveolar microdomains provide a scaffold for (i) assembl

196 subpopulation of AIP4 and STAM-1 resides in caveolar microdomains with CXCR4 and appears to mediate

197 Thus, erbB4 is dynamically targeted to caveolar microdomains within cardiac myocytes.

198 (Cavs), the principal structural proteins of caveolar microdomains, have been implicated in the devel

199 with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) disrupts caveolar microdomains.

200 lar K(+) channel alpha-subunit, localizes to caveolar microdomains.

201 ould be localized (using both approaches) to caveolar microdomains.

202 requires the compartmentalization of PAR1 in caveolar microdomains.

203 e adipose tissue lacking EHD2, and increased caveolar mobility in mouse embryonic fibroblasts.

204 to determine the roles of cavins 2 and 3 in caveolar morphogenesis in vivo.

205 le to form a protein interaction network for caveolar morphogenesis is not known.

206 id not demonstrate any racial differences in caveolar morphology, but a significant reduction of cave

207 aveolin-1 by siRNA significantly reduced the caveolar Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and Src.

208 Clearly, the caveolar Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase represents the signaling pool

209 We have shown that the caveolar Na/K-ATPase transmits ouabain signals via multi

210 evised model for the function of EHDs at the caveolar neck.

211 data, EHD2 defines a different domain at the caveolar neck.

212 arginated at cell periphery and pleiomorphic caveolar necks) as well as impaired caveolae internaliza

213 tersectin associated preferentially with the caveolar necks, and it remained associated with caveolae

214 of Golgi network-specific processing of the caveolar NSP4 glycans supports studies showing that NSP4

215 p60 were colocalized in vesicles suggest the caveolar origin of endocytic vesicles.

216 Here, we further characterized the caveolar pathway for glycosphingolipids, showing that Go

217 in-mediated endocytosis and then utilize the caveolar pathway for infection, a pattern of trafficking

218 fficking may explain the requirement for the caveolar pathway in HPV16 infection because clathrin-med

219 nfection; however, we show that blocking the caveolar pathway postentry results in a loss of BPV1 inf

220 or internalization via clathrin-dependent or caveolar pathways and trafficking mechanisms are incompl

221 The insulin-stimulated increase in caveolar PIP(2) was blocked by siRNA-mediated knockdown

222 membrane, whereas it was undetectable in non-caveolar plasma membrane.

223 nt with the discs occupying the faces in the caveolar polyhedra.

224 Here we demonstrate that the caveolar protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a Cdc42-binding p

225 to be regulated by its interaction with the caveolar protein caveolin-1, structural relationships be

226 tension rapidly and reversibly disrupts the caveolar protein coat.

227 lished biochemical assays for disassembly of caveolar protein complexes, and assays for acute loss of

228 rk (TM) contributes to racial disparities of caveolar protein expression, TM dysfunction and developm

229 no-terminal region of CAP and identified the caveolar protein flotillin.

230 Caveolar protein transcytosis was found to have a prevai

231 ases cerebrovascular permeability via mainly caveolar protein transcytosis.

232 th gp60 and caveolin-1 (the major structural caveolar protein) on tyrosine residues.

233 se was not accompanied by changes in another caveolar protein, polymerase1 and transcript release fac

234 h as a flotillin homologue and as a resident caveolar protein.

235 ons of caveolae and the type of acylation of caveolar proteins remain largely unknown.

236 changes in the association of lipid-binding caveolar proteins upon flattening of caveolae could allo

237 ls is largely compartmentalized and that the caveolar PtdIns 4,5-P2 is subject to hydrolysis by hormo

238 lted in approximately a 50% decrease in this caveolar PtdIns 4,5-P2 with no change in the levels of p

239 , in both heterologous cells and neurons, by caveolar/raft-dependent endocytosis.

240 endocytic mechanisms, clathrin-mediated and caveolar/raft-mediated endocytosis.

241 these findings underscore the importance of caveolar rafts in neurons and suggest that this pathway

242 interacts with caveolin 1 targeting Kv1.3 to caveolar rafts.

243 ovide the first direct link between mhtt and caveolar-related endocytosis and also suggest a possible

244 phingolipid-containing vesicles derived from caveolar-related endocytosis fuse with the classical end

245 skin fibroblasts by a clathrin-independent, caveolar-related mechanism and are subsequently transpor

246 L analogs are selectively internalized via a caveolar-related mechanism in most cell types, whereas C

247 dominantly (>80%) by a clathrin-independent, caveolar-related mechanism, regardless of cell type.

248 eramide (LacCer), which is internalized by a caveolar-related mechanism.

249 d, inhibition occurs through a non-clathrin, caveolar-related pathway.

250 hanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (caveolar, RhoA, and Cdc42 dependent) which differed in c

251 y, rather than inhibitors of the clathrin or caveolar routes.

252 oximately equally via clathrin-dependent and caveolar routes.

253 stering and association with caveolin-1, the caveolar-scaffolding protein.

254 speculate on mechanisms that link changes in caveolar shape and/or protein composition to alterations

255 The distinctive caveolar shape is achieved by the oligomeric structural

256 plings with caveolae and little evidence for caveolar shapes on the t-system.

257 phragms in situ induced de novo formation of caveolar stomatal diaphragms.

258 e down-regulation of Cavin1, another crucial caveolar structural component, and by acute loss of cave

259 NA (siRNA)-dependent depletion of either the caveolar structural protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) or clathr

260 Recently, frameshift mutations in the caveolar structural protein gene Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were

261 d intracellular localization of caveolae and caveolar structural proteins CAV-1 and Cavin-1 and that

262 lar lipid profile and the roles of the major caveolar structural proteins, caveolins and cavins, in s

263 ce that these lipids are required for normal caveolar structure and dynamics in living cells has been

264 Loss of caveolar structure on cholesterol removal is not respons

265 an with the expressed levels of caveolin and caveolar structure.

266 s mouse is a functional KO because adipocyte caveolar structures are depleted.

267 ults in a profound increase in the number of caveolar structures at the plasma membrane.

268 Intact caveolar structures composed of both CAV1 and cavin1 fur

269 e cells caveolin-1 seems to be released from caveolar structures in the cell rear and to relocalize a

270 5 or 20 min showed an 8-10-fold increase in caveolar structures, some forming long, pronounced caveo

271 tion complexes accompanied by an increase in caveolar structures.

272 eloped in our laboratory, we have isolated a caveolar subfraction from rat lung endothelium and we ha

273 e human EC line EA.hy926 retains an abundant caveolar system in culture.

274 olae in vivo and compared its effects to non-caveolar target CD31/PECAM-1.

275 o palmitoylation, which is not necessary for caveolar targeting of caveolin-1.

276 n, we show that the membrane recruitment and caveolar targeting of PFK-M appears to be strictly depen

277 ired for the plasma membrane recruitment and caveolar targeting of PFK-M.

278 he N terminus of AC8 does not play a role in caveolar targeting, (iii) the N terminus does play a rol

279 -1 (P132L) and WT Cav-1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting.

280 is association and the anticoagulant role of caveolar TFPI are not yet known.

281 ar structures, some forming long, pronounced caveolar "towers" at the cell-cell borders.

282 Instead, caveolar trafficking and dephosphorylation are involved

283 s null BMPR2 mutations promote SRC-dependent caveolar trafficking defects in PECs and that this may c

284 This caveolar trafficking in vivo may underscore a key physio

285 that is required for caveolae formation and caveolar transcytosis and (ii) as a tonic inhibitor of e

286 ermeability, a process regulated by enhanced caveolar transcytosis in endothelial cells.

287 vascular permeability is mediated by (i) the caveolar transcytosis of molecules across endothelial ce

288 d-specific receptor-mediated to non-specific caveolar transcytosis.

289 Moreover, the activity of caveolar TRPV4 channels is impaired in pulmonary arterie

290 pression levels in TM, POAG development, and caveolar ultrastructural morphology may provide the basi

291 e molecular machinery involved in regulating caveolar uptake is poorly defined.

292 ation but not participation of components of caveolar uptake mechanisms.

293 that clathrin-independent dynamin 2-mediated caveolar uptake of surface-functionalized silica nanopar

294 rast, overexpression of caveolin-1 decreased caveolar uptake, but treatment with GSLs reversed this e

295 aveolae at the plasma membrane, and restored caveolar uptake.

296 not by treatment with nystatin, which blocks caveolar uptake.

297 t the GSL ceramide core may be important for caveolar uptake.

298 Disrupting the entry of caveolar vesicles did not affect BPV1 infection; however

299 as directly visualized entering cells within caveolar vesicles, and depletion of caveolin inhibited p

300 ndocytosis and intracellular accumulation of caveolar vesicles, which gradually merged into larger co

301 and transport of virus into the cell within caveolar vesicles.