ライフサイエンスコーパス: chemical synapse

1 and organize neurotransmitter receptors at a chemical synapse.

2 on, function, maintenance, and repair of the chemical synapse.

3 AC electrical synapse and the DBC(R)-->AIIAC chemical synapse.

4 function, formation, and maintenance of the chemical synapse.

5 al-triggered neurotransmitter release at the chemical synapse.

6 with a biophysically realistic model of the chemical synapse.

7 uisite step in the coordinated assembly of a chemical synapse.

8 thereby rivaling the synaptic specificity of chemical synapses.

9 rical junctions are necessary forerunners of chemical synapses.

10 al synapses resemble those produced later by chemical synapses.

11 processes, including signal transduction at chemical synapses.

12 othesis that CCK and PV cells are coupled by chemical synapses.

13 ibility to the information flow generated by chemical synapses.

14 been studied as thoroughly as plasticity in chemical synapses.

15 and has a critical role in vesicle fusion at chemical synapses.

16 e exocytotic release of neurotransmitters at chemical synapses.

17 nhibitory pathway acts through glutamatergic chemical synapses.

18 ticipate in vesicular transmitter release at chemical synapses.

19 nctions were often in close proximity to PV+ chemical synapses.

20 synapses in retinal bipolar cells than about chemical synapses.

21 nslated rapidly into membrane fusion at fast chemical synapses.

22 dissect the intricate molecular machinery of chemical synapses.

23 rent sets of neurons from those connected by chemical synapses.

24 ory cells and fast excitatory and inhibitory chemical synapses.

25 y required electrical synapses, but not fast chemical synapses.

26 he presynaptic membrane are important to all chemical synapses.

27 urse similar to post-tetanic potentiation at chemical synapses.

28 2 msec, consistent with direct electrical or chemical synapses.

29 eptor pathways via Cx36 gap junctions or via chemical synapses.

30 on channels mediating signal transduction at chemical synapses.

31 nique features that emerge in the context of chemical synapses.

32 s and potentially influence the formation of chemical synapses.

33 on a delicate molecular nano-architecture of chemical synapses.

34 etics and short-term depression (STD) of the chemical synapses.

35 cal synapses and from potentially inhibitory chemical synapses.

36 , separating the roles of ADL electrical and chemical synapses.

37 al synapses are actually plastic, similar to chemical synapses.

38 ion between neurons with both electrical and chemical synapses.

39 haGC sensitivity via the AIIAC-->sOFFalphaGC chemical synapses.

40 es that load and release neurotransmitter at chemical synapses.

41 timescales via cooperative interactions with chemical synapses.

42 g among neurons is most commonly mediated by chemical synapses.

43 ly add two additional neurons and inhibitory chemical synapses.

44 and regulation of neurotransmitter uptake at chemical synapses.

45 a gap junction circuit that antagonizes ADL chemical synapses.

46 ration of ligand-gated ion channels and fast chemical synapses.

47 aphrodites, drive C9 repulsion through their chemical synapses.

48 VBN relay neurons also communicated via chemical synapses.

49 iagram of a whole brain containing 5 x 10(7) chemical synapses(7) between 139,255 neurons reconstruct

50 Nerve tissue contains a high density of chemical synapses, about 1 per microm(3) in the mammalia

51 l synapses within their communities and with chemical synapses across them.

52 al ribbon synapses are a specialized type of chemical synapse adapted for the regulated fast and toni

53 We find that the positions of the chemical synapses along the neurites are not randomly di

54 egulation only occurred in the presence of a chemical synapse and required calcium signaling in the p

55 mmunoreactive interneurons interconnected by chemical synapses and dendritic gap junctions.

56 Neurons communicate through chemical synapses and electrical synapses (gap junctions

57 sive membrane with conductances to represent chemical synapses and electrotonic junctional connection

58 Additionally, the combined outputs of chemical synapses and gap junctions from RIM regulate fo

59 function in the VAs to block the creation of chemical synapses and gap junctions with interneurons no

60 Basket cells form chemical synapses and gap junctions with their own cell

61 c GABAergic inputs to GCs, NGFCs also formed chemical synapses and gap junctions with various molecul

62 only chemical synapses or the combination of chemical synapses and gap junctions.

63 dynamic interactions between electrical and chemical synapses and intrinsic membrane properties allo

64 ress how interactions between electrical and chemical synapses and intrinsic membrane properties cont

65 rons, respectively terminate on the soma via chemical synapses and on the dendrite of the ovoidal cel

66 nal amacrine cells (ACs) may make inhibitory chemical synapses and potentially excitatory gap junctio

67 At mutant GF-TTMn and GF-PSI contacts, chemical synapses and small regions of close membrane ap

68 ion channels mediate signal transduction at chemical synapses and transition between resting, open,

69 etwork algorithm, automated the detection of chemical synapses and validated the results by compariso

70 s 10(4) ATP molecules to transmit a bit at a chemical synapse, and 10(6)-10(7) ATP for graded signals

71 nent is possibly polysynaptic, mediated by a chemical synapse, and fatigues at high stimulus frequenc

72 e similar to those that induce plasticity at chemical synapses, and offer the possibility that calciu

73 te that MACs release glycine at conventional chemical synapses, and viral retrograde transsynaptic tr

74 This is best understood for chemical synapses, and we know far less about how electr

75 Chemical synapses are complex structures that mediate ra

76 fundamental units of neuronal communication, chemical synapses are composed of presynaptic and postsy

77 Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed bet

78 Active zones at chemical synapses are highly specialized sites for the r

79 Whereas chemical synapses are known to be highly dynamic, gap ju

80 we show that neural activity and function of chemical synapses are not required for sodium channel cl

81 ever, cellular networks before formations of chemical synapses are poorly understood.

82 se data demonstrate that both electrical and chemical synapses are prominent within nRt and suggest d

83 Chemical synapses are the main interface for transfer of

84 Chemical synapses are the major sites of communication b

85 ic interneurons connected via electrical and chemical synapses are thought to play an important role

86 While chemical synapses are very plastic and modifiable by def

87 NSSs are essential to the function of chemical synapses, are associated with multiple neurolog

88 ediated by HCs via a sign-inverting feedback chemical synapse associated with a chloride channel.

89 ey receive electrotonic inputs from and make chemical synapses back onto pacemaker and relay cells.

90 synapses can be functionally as important as chemical synapses because their distinct properties prov

91 example, introducing Cx36 into an inhibitory chemical synapse between an olfactory receptor neuron an

92 Chemical synapses between axons and dendrites mediate ne

93 on, there is no ultrastructural evidence for chemical synapses between mammalian cones, although such

94 dels and human tumours: functional bona fide chemical synapses between presynaptic neurons and postsy

95 neural networks the nonlinear nature of the chemical synapses breaks the elegant mathematical connec

96 oreceptors conveyed through interneurons via chemical synapses (broad correlations), share excitation

97 (miniature) neurotransmission occurs at all chemical synapses but remains poorly understood, particu

98 icity have been extensively characterized at chemical synapses, but a relationship between natural ac

99 ses the majority of neurotransmission within chemical synapses, but action potential-independent spon

100 izations is required for optimal function of chemical synapses, but little is known about how it is a

101 een neurons, has been studied extensively at chemical synapses, but modulation of electrical synapses

102 in development before the formation of most chemical synapses, but recent work shows gap junctions p

103 rons can be connected by both electrical and chemical synapses, but the organization and interaction

104 vity have been described in great detail for chemical synapses, but the relationship between natural

105 Glycine receptors are anchored at inhibitory chemical synapses by a cytoplasmic protein, gephyrin.

106 Neurons transmit information at chemical synapses by releasing neurotransmitters that ar

107 Chemical synapses can be identified by their multiple st

108 on gap junctions and without interconnecting chemical synapses, can generate coherent population osci

109 Electrical and chemical synapses coexist in circuits throughout the CNS

110 Their work demonstrates how electrical and chemical synapses combine to improve information process

111 Chemical synapses contain specialized pre- and postsynap

112 enter or leave a restricted space, such as a chemical synapse, containing a high density of binding s

113 Similar to chemical synapses, Cx36-containing gap junctions undergo

114 eactive (PV+) interneurons interconnected by chemical synapses, dendritic gap junctions, and axonal g

115 Similar to chemical synapses, electrical connections are modifiable

116 Like chemical synapses, electrical synapses are constructed f

117 Unlike most chemical synapses, electrical synapses interact through

118 adult cerebral cortex by both electrical and chemical synapses, establishing networks that can have i

119 Chemical synapses exhibit a diverse array of internal me

120 Electrical and chemical synapses exist within the same networks of inhi

121 n conservation in vertebrates, every type of chemical synapse expresses a given set of protein isofor

122 We found that the expected chemical synapses failed to form on schedule, and they w

123 great deal about the molecules that support chemical synapse formation and function, we know little

124 gap junctions have been observed to precede chemical synapse formation and have been hypothesized to

125 ify a surprising link between electrical and chemical synapse formation and show that Nbea acts as a

126 coupling relates to a coordinated inhibitory chemical synapse formation between sparsely labelled int

127 Thus, new electrical and chemical synapse formation within a neuronal network is

128 GMP-dependent protein kinase only suppresses chemical synapse formation without effects on neuronal g

129 15 produce defects in TRN touch sensitivity, chemical synapse formation, and cell-body morphology.

130 and during developmental windows of intense chemical synapse formation, and might therefore contribu

131 us waves of activity are present even before chemical synapse formation, needing gap junctions to pro

132 ficking, is required for both electrical and chemical synapse formation.

133 al 1 (LPeD1; postsynaptic) were explored for chemical synapse formation.

134 ons, and the formation of a novel excitatory chemical synapse from B2 to B1 neurons.

135 he problem of estimating the parameters of a chemical synapse from the postsynaptic responses to evok

136 We conclude that in the absence of discrete chemical synapses, glutamate flows between cones during

137 nsitization of ligand-gated channels at fast chemical synapses has been difficult to establish.

138 is developmental sequence from electrical to chemical synapses has led to the hypothesis that, in dev

139 In contrast, disrupting chemical synapses has no effect on the electrical coupli

140 sis that the structure of the active zone of chemical synapses has remained uncertain because of limi

141 Could chemical synapses have a quiescent electrical component?

142 uired to maintain and modify the strength of chemical synapses have been characterized extensively.

143 connected with each other via electrical and chemical synapses; however, whether and how they inhibit

144 eference and are preferentially coupled by a chemical synapse in the adult cortex, a property that is

145 The processing that occurs at this first chemical synapse in the auditory pathway determines the

146 ordinated interaction between electrical and chemical synapses in a defined retinal circuit enhances

147 e results suggest a multitiered strategy for chemical synapses in developmental regulation of electri

148 principles were then extended to most other chemical synapses in diverse nervous systems.

149 tudy investigated the role of electrical and chemical synapses in sustaining 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-e

150 otoreceptor ribbon synapses and conventional chemical synapses in synaptic vesicle exocytosis.SIGNIFI

151 Typical fast chemical synapses in the brain weaken transiently during

152 tor output synapses are the best known tonic chemical synapses in the nervous system, in which glutam

153 ivity to alterations of the strengths of the chemical synapses in the network.

154 dult-born neurons promotes and/or stabilizes chemical synapses in the olfactory bulb, revealing a neu

155 Similar to other glutamatergic chemical synapses in the retina, the DBC(R)-->AIIAC syna

156 nes by electron microscopy revealed numerous chemical synapses, including for the first time direct i

157 ow for the identification of key features of chemical synapses, including synaptic vesicles, the syna

158 rty of cells that is particularly evident at chemical synapses: input-assigned calcium influx that ac

159 Neurotransmission at chemical synapses involves regulated exocytosis of neuro

160 The chemical synapse is a complex machine separated into thr

161 The chemical synapse is a specialized intercellular junction

162 The chemical synapse is the principal form of contact betwee

163 Synaptic vesicle fusion at active zones of chemical synapses is executed by SNARE complexes.

164 ther they share mechanisms of formation with chemical synapses is not clear.

165 Communication between neurons at chemical synapses is regulated by hundreds of different

166 The development of chemical synapses is regulated by interactions between p

167 The defining morphological feature of chemical synapses is the vesicle cluster in the presynap

168 Transmitter release at chemical synapses is triggered by high calcium concentra

169 emporal downstream signaling, similar to the chemical synapse, is intriguing.

170 In contrast to chemical synapses, less is known regarding the determina

171 Unlike chemical synapses, little is known about the development

172 The widespread expression suggests that chemical synapses may play a frequency filtering role in

173 and then lose their electrical coupling as a chemical synapse-mediated inhibitory circuit matures.

174 ptic membranes directly oppose each other at chemical synapses, minimizing the delay in transmitting

175 report flexible three-dimensional artificial chemical synapse networks, in which two-terminal memrist

176 While at chemical synapses neurotransmitter-gated ion channels ar

177 At chemical synapses, neurotransmitters are packaged into s

178 ual identified neurons during the 2-4 d when chemical synapses normally form.

179 ses were in axo-dendritic connections, where chemical synapses occur, the synaptic events would be mi

180 Communication at chemical synapses occurs via neurotransmitter release wh

181 resolve these limitations, we reconstructed chemical synapses of rat neocortex, the archetypical "av

182 8% of the pairs were connected via GABAergic chemical synapses, often reciprocally.

183 This is significant because chemical synapses on a retinal ganglion cell require the

184 or SV-2, suggesting that the parvocells form chemical synapses on the relay and pacemaker cells.

185 afferents terminate as mixed (electrical and chemical) synapses on the distal portion of the lateral

186 analysis at identified mixed (electrical and chemical) synapses on the goldfish Mauthner cell, we sho

187 similarity to pre- and postsynaptic sites at chemical synapses, one side in electrical synapses shoul

188 idely held that the convergence of high-gain chemical synapses onto AIIs confers the highest sensitiv

189 emains mostly the same when we consider only chemical synapses or the combination of chemical synapse

190 habditis elegans, using CLA-1, RAB-3, GRASP (chemical synapses), or innexin (electrical synapse) repo

191 , we identified process 'transmission across chemical synapses' (P < 2.78 x 10-4).

192 Mixed electrical-chemical synapses potentially complicate electrophysiolo

193 At chemical synapses, presynaptic action potentials (APs) a

194 Combining electrical with chemical synapses, prolonging tau(Decay) of inhibitory c

195 Electrical and chemical synapses provide two distinct modes of direct c

196 matrix has emerged as an active component of chemical synapses regulating synaptic formation, mainten

197 However, chemical synapses represent only one type of functionall

198 Formation of chemical synapses requires exchange of organizing signal

199 At conventional chemical synapses, RIMs contribute substantially to vesi

200 d Aplysia sensory neurons, which do not form chemical synapses, sensorin mRNA is diffusely distribute

201 At a variety of fast chemical synapses, spent synaptic vesicles are recycled

202 o, miniature events have been found at every chemical synapse studied.

203 e demonstrate at single mixed electrical and chemical synapses that fast chemical transmission intera

204 the postnatal development of electrical and chemical synapses that interconnect TRN neurons.

205 nterneurons are connected via electrical and chemical synapses that may be crucial in modulating comp

206 At fast chemical synapses the rapid release of neurotransmitter

207 d by single neuron resonance, electrical and chemical synapses.The presence of both gap junctions and

208 At conventional chemical synapses, their function involves Ca(2+) channe

209 d enabling the bidirectional perturbation of chemical synapses, these reagents offer intersectional p

210 mponent of excitatory signal transduction at chemical synapses throughout all regions of the mammalia

211 We then turned our focus away from standard chemical synapses to connexin-based gap junctions and he

212 The unique ability of chemical synapses to transmit information relies on the

213 GC that relies on gap junctions, rather than chemical synapses, to convey its selectivity for the ori

214 At chemical synapses, transmission between neurons is media

215 Cs in fact have similar densities of several chemical synapse types, including OSN inputs.

216 At chemical synapses, voltage-activated calcium channels (V

217 At chemical synapses, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs)

218 d for which no anatomical evidence of direct chemical synapses was found.

219 Inhibitory chemical synapses were also common between FS cells, and

220 Inhibitory chemical synapses were seen as early as postnatal day 4

221 ceptors (GluRs), and 100 microM Cd2+ for all chemical synapses) were microperfused very locally to un

222 of Ca(2+) that triggers exocytosis at a fast chemical synapse, which requires understanding the contr

223 aring gap junctions are thought to prefigure chemical synapses, which appear much later.

224 ), a neuron capable of forming inappropriate chemical synapses with a number of novel targets in cult

225 e a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neigh

226 the hippocampus rarely develop electrical or chemical synapses with each other.

227 constructions of this amacrine type revealed chemical synapses with known retinal cell types and exte

228 otoreceptor ribbon synapses and conventional chemical synapses with respect to synaptic vesicle primi

229 s causes them to form ectopic electrical and chemical synapses with the GF, in turn causing that post

230 a preferentially develop electrical, but not chemical, synapses with each other.

231 their relative activity phase, we block all chemical synapses within the network and drive the LP an