ライフサイエンスコーパス: chiasm

1 additional axonal exclusion zones within the chiasm.

2 m the ventrotemporal retina toward the optic chiasm.

3 ther cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm.

4 nifestation of disorders involving the optic chiasm.

5 tended ectopically-dorsal and lateral to the chiasm.

6 ther cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm.

7 isolated from cortex, optic nerve and optic chiasm.

8 ons results in robust RGC axon exit from the chiasm.

9 retinal axon growth in the developing optic chiasm.

10 y making axonal guidance errors at the optic chiasm.

11 ells with uncrossed projections at the optic chiasm.

12 ic brain during formation of the mouse optic chiasm.

13 l groups that lie within the nerve and optic chiasm.

14 they remain grouped in the lateral nerve and chiasm.

15 tgrowth, including path-finding at the optic chiasm.

16 sure, which is located adjacent to the optic chiasm.

17 tory tract, mammillothalamic tract, or optic chiasm.

18 divergence associated with the albino optic chiasm.

19 after birth (P24) at the centre of the optic chiasm.

20 They disappeared in the chiasm.

21 to the visual pathway posterior to the optic chiasm.

22 s required for axon segregation at the optic chiasm.

23 and hypoplasia of the optic nerve and optic chiasm.

24 ntly facilitate retinal axon crossing in the chiasm.

25 d for efficient RGC decussation at the optic chiasm.

26 ding of the ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm.

27 tely affects axonal growth through the optic chiasm.

28 factor expressed in nasal retina and at the chiasm.

29 ssorting of RGC axons as they exit the optic chiasm.

30 ogenesis and axonal growth through the optic chiasm.

31 isorders affecting the optic nerve and optic chiasm.

32 nd anomalous axonal pathfinding at the optic chiasm.

33 planes 1-mm thick and parallel to the optic chiasm.

34 ic haemangiopericytoma compressing the optic chiasm.

35 f high Hs2st and/or Hs6st1 expression at the chiasm.

36 f HSPG sulfation in RGC axon guidance at the chiasm.

37 embryos display axon disorganization at the chiasm.

38 he RGCs themselves, most likely at the optic chiasm.

39 ill project axons to the brain via the optic chiasm.

40 in the developing Foxg1-/- retina and optic chiasm.

41 Foxg1 is also expressed at the optic chiasm.

42 ralateral targets, thereby forming the optic chiasm.

43 encephalon during the formation of the optic chiasm.

44 ut mice and analyzed their retinas and optic chiasms.

45 n to cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm, a critical guidance maneuver that establishes th

46 Thus, within the optic chiasm, a sequence of positional transformations occur t

47 na and in the region of the developing optic chiasm, a ventral midline structure in which retinal gan

48 f heparan sulfation on RGCs and at the optic chiasm and (2) this differential sulfation directs retin

49 Chiasm defects include axon stalling in the chiasm and a reduction in the total number of RGCs proje

50 ted with reference to disorders of the optic chiasm and anophthalmia (absence of the eyes).

51 cular locations in the retina and around the chiasm and are normally deployed to prevent axons enteri

52 axons exhibited normal crossing at the optic chiasm and fasciculation of the optic nerve.

53 uidance factors, and the absence of an optic chiasm and forebrain commissures.

54 predetermined crossing pattern in the optic chiasm and grew to the ipsilateral LGN.

55 es, such as pathfinding of RGCs at the optic chiasm and hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-t

56 ocus on axon guidance signaling at the optic chiasm and ipsi- and contralateral axon organization in

57 fibers affects the organization of the optic chiasm and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) in human albi

58 e optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, and optic chiasm and LGN volume compared with controls (P < 0.001

59 tly control RGC axon divergence at the optic chiasm and may additionally function as a general inhibi

60 ->and markedly reduced the size of the optic chiasm and optic nerves.

61 reduced axonal midline crossing at the optic chiasm and optic tract fasciculation.

62 Between E30 and E35, the optic chiasm and optic tract remain acellular, but the latter

63 diverge from the optic tract just behind the chiasm and selectively innervate the medial terminal nuc

64 The optic chiasm and splenium of the corpus callosum were transect

65 etinal order when the axons pass through the chiasm and that this order is maintained throughout the

66 It is dorsally bounded by the optic chiasm and the alar hypothalamus, and caudally by the di

67 We have examined the optic chiasm and the retina in albino and normally pigmented w

68 l and contralateral projections at the optic chiasm and the subsequent segregation of retinal inputs

69 Axon organization in the optic chiasm and tract and RGC growth cone morphologies are al

70 antly smaller diameters of the optic nerves, chiasm and tracts, and optic chiasm and LGN volume compa

71 body of the optic stalk and nerve, the optic chiasm and ventral diencephalon, and the anterior midlin

72 post-mortem tissue samples of optic nerves, chiasms and tracts from 29 multiple sclerosis (mean age

73 y of the optic nerve (1.5 mm anterior to the chiasm) and retina showed no injury 1 week after Mn(2+)

74 d temporal retinal fibers cross at the optic chiasm, and (2) ocular dominance columns normally found

75 approximately half of these axons cross the chiasm, and a rare subset ( approximately 1%) manages to

76 of the ciliary body, retina, optic nerve and chiasm, and central visual pathways.

77 h electrodes implanted on the cornea, in the chiasm, and on the cortex.

78 Whole mounts of optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tract were sectioned horizontally and

79 ght microscopic analysis of the optic nerve, chiasm, and optic tracts of Rana pipiens after the anter

80 identical tracing of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tracts to the level of the lateral gen

81 talk, cross the ventral midline at the optic chiasm, and terminate in the optic tectum of the zebrafi

82 cord, the hindbrain and midbrain, the optic chiasm, and the median eminence in the forebrain.

83 equentially through the prechiasmatic nerve, chiasm, and tract.

84 le brain, oriented so that the optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts were in the same plane.

85 In addition, responsiveness of optic nerve-, chiasm- and cortex-derived O-2A/OPCs to thyroid hormone

86 ignificant numbers and fail to form an optic chiasm; and (4) axons in multiple commissural tracts of

87 mechanisms for axon divergence in the optic chiasm are discussed in the context of other popular mod

88 s, in the tree shrew, optic fascicles in the chiasm are often separated by thick collagen bundles.

89 ral and contralateral RGC axons at the optic chiasm, are natural candidates for contributing to eye-s

90 ar and subventricular zones and in the optic chiasm, areas that are rich in oligodendrocyte (OL) prog

91 ns leave the chiasm at the same level of the chiasm as do their contralateral counterparts.

92 Ipsilateral axons leave the chiasm at the same level of the chiasm as do their contr

93 termining the relative position of the optic chiasm at the ventral midline of the developing hypothal

94 sulfation directs retinal axons through the chiasm, at least in part by modulating the response of t

95 In the ipsilateral chiasm, axons diverge to form three central, optic tract

96 At the optic chiasm, axons from either eye meet and decide whether to

97 crete layers of the medulla and in the outer chiasm between the lamina and medulla.

98 s of axonal staining progressed to the optic chiasm by 7 days and remained undetectable at 2 weeks.

99 sted whether the albino mutation affects the chiasm by studying 'chimeric' cultures of retinal explan

100 e 2), to reflect its similarity to irregular chiasm C-roughest and Kirrel.

101 roteins, including Drosophila RST (irregular chiasm C-roughest) protein and mammalian KIRREL (kin of

102 otein and mammalian KIRREL (kin of irregular chiasm C-roughest), NEPH1, and NPHS1 (nephrin) proteins.

103 on in vitro rescues the inhibitory effect of chiasm cells and eliminates the ipsilateral projection i

104 projection and reduces neurite outgrowth on chiasm cells in an age- and region-specific manner.

105 RGCs, contralateral RGC axons grow poorly on chiasm cells in vitro and project ipsilaterally at the c

106 'chimeric' cultures of retinal explants and chiasm cells isolated from pigmented and albino mice.

107 m Foxd1 deficient retina are not repulsed by chiasm cells, and in vivo many VT RGCs aberrantly projec

108 wth when grown on either pigmented or albino chiasm cells, demonstrating that the albino mutation doe

109 through actions in nasal retina, and that in chiasm cells, Foxg1 is required for the generation of a

110 ressing with Foxg1-null retinal explants and chiasm cells, we provide functional evidence that Foxg1

111 In retina-chiasm co-cultures, VT RGCs from Foxd1 deficient retina

112 of periods of advance was more brief in the chiasm compared to those in the optic nerve and tract.

113 trated an asymmetric pituitary gland without chiasm compression and discrete signal enhancement from

114 nt of diseases of the orbit, optic nerve and chiasm continue to evolve.

115 d in directing axon growth in the developing chiasm, correlate with the expression patterns of severa

116 P-43-deficient axons are cultured with optic chiasm, cortical, or dorsal midbrain cells.

117 Chiasm defects include axon stalling in the chiasm and a

118 in the pattern of decussation at their optic chiasm, demonstrating that a melanin-related agent is cr

119 s within 2 days, oligodendrocytes arose from chiasm-derived cells after 5 days and from cortical O-2A

120 nglion cell (RGC) axons at the midline optic chiasm determines whether RGCs project to ipsilateral or

121 but in double mutant mice a large additional chiasm developed anterior to the true chiasm, many retin

122 alternative CXCL12 receptor ACKR3, the optic chiasm developed normally in mice lacking ACKR3.

123 n factor known for its role in eye and optic chiasm development, causes the rostral oral ectoderm to

124 Here, we review recent findings on optic chiasm development, highlighting the specific transcript

125 -HT receptors once ON axons have crossed the chiasm does not inhibit regeneration, suggesting a selec

126 by which axons chose their route through the chiasm during development will have to be expanded.

127 Electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm elicits reduced calcium transients and impaired v

128 cross the diencephalon midline at the optic chiasm en route to their brain targets.

129 ptic chiasm, we cocultured mouse retinal and chiasm explants in collagen gels.

130 he ventral surface of the brain at the optic chiasm for sorting into the optic tracts.

131 e Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases in chiasm formation.

132 on growth and/or reorganization during optic chiasm formation.

133 de guidance information for RGC axons during chiasm formation.

134 ssion in the ventral diencephalon influences chiasm formation.

135 s in other midline decisions), but where the chiasm forms.

136 in the ventral diencephalon where the optic chiasm forms.

137 ent from the ventral midline where the optic chiasm forms.

138 eloping ventral diencephalon where the optic chiasm forms.

139 dline, thus forming the bodily crossed optic chiasm found in fish.

140 asm itself) or extrinsic (compression of the chiasm from an adjacent structure).

141 Optic nerve from EAE and optic chiasm from MS also showed decreased cholesterol synthes

142 wed that a glial population called the outer chiasm giant glia (xg(O)), which resides below the lamin

143 cillators located in astrocyte-like glia and chiasm giant glia are necessary to maintain daily change

144 illators located in astrocyte-like glia, the chiasm giant glia of the optic lobe, epithelial and subp

145 mice) in which mice develop optic nerve and chiasm glioma.

146 Consequently, in the chiasm, growth cones spent relatively more time pausing

147 the close anatomical proximity to the optic chiasm, hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

148 The albino mutation acts at the chiasm in a similar manner in both groups even though th

149 ns and the cellular composition of the optic chiasm in albino mice are similar to those of normally p

150 Within the chiasm, individual contralaterally projecting axons grow

151 s localized to the floor plate and the optic chiasm, intermediate targets located at the ventral midl

152 rtion of the optic nerve at the level of the chiasm into the contralateral optic tract.

153 nglion cell (RGC) axon growth from the optic chiasm into the optic tract are unknown.

154 ons fail to progress normally from the optic chiasm into the optic tracts.

155 Chiasm involvement and severe vision deterioration occur

156 The mouse optic chiasm is a model for axon guidance at the midline and f

157 The optic chiasm is an important choice point at which retinal gan

158 how that this delayed RGC axon exit from the chiasm is characterized by abnormal randomized axon rout

159 Interestingly, expression in the optic chiasm is high at postnatal day 6, but decreases with th

160 In affected animals, the optic chiasm is missing, and each retina projects entirely to

161 categorized as intrinsic (thickening of the chiasm itself) or extrinsic (compression of the chiasm f

162 ve named this gene Kirrel2 (kin of irregular chiasm-like 2), to reflect its similarity to irregular c

163 tional chiasm developed anterior to the true chiasm, many retinal axons projected into the contralate

164 plex of Sema6D, Nr-CAM, and Plexin-A1 at the chiasm midline alters the sign of Sema6D and signals Nr-

165 VEGF164 is expressed at the chiasm midline and is required for normal contralateral

166 a permissive midline signal for axons at the chiasm midline and provide in vivo evidence that VEGF-A

167 Ephrin-B2 is expressed at the mouse chiasm midline as the ipsilateral projection is generate

168 ls in vitro and project ipsilaterally at the chiasm midline in vivo, and Plexin-A1 and Nr-CAM express

169 ne for the progression of RGC axons from the chiasm midline into the contralateral optic tract.

170 e nucleus (dLGN), when crossing at the optic chiasm midline is altered.

171 Unusual RGC axon trajectories include chiasm midline recrossing similar to abnormal CNS midlin

172 away from its ligand, ephrinB2, at the optic chiasm midline, and a transcription factor Zic2, that, l

173 RGC) axons from nasal retina cross the optic chiasm midline, whereas temporal retina axons do not and

174 late RGC axon repulsion by cues at the optic chiasm midline.

175 ects the ipsilateral projection at the optic chiasm, misrouted RGCs target the appropriate retinotopi

176 lacking Foxd1, both retinal development and chiasm morphogenesis are disrupted.

177 associated with axonal behavior at the optic chiasm must affect ganglion cells in a cell-extrinsic ma

178 ssed on midline radial glia and Plexin-A1 on chiasm neurons, and Plexin-A1 and Nr-CAM are also expres

179 diencephalic preoptic area, where the optic chiasm normally forms.

180 tes for the optic nerve head (ONH) and optic chiasm (OC) ends of the optic nerve were recorded along

181 racts and in the corpus callosum (CC), optic chiasm (Och), and internal capsule.

182 However, the present study shows that the chiasm of a highly visual eutherian mammal, the tree shr

183 Here we have found that the enlarged chiasm of GAP-43 null mouse embryos appears subsequent t

184 In the optic chiasm of mammals, axons either cross the midline to the

185 The optic chiasm of marsupials differs from that of the eutherian

186 -/-) mice but missing were entirely in optic chiasms of Brn3b/Brn3c double knockout mice, suggesting

187 l axons cross the neuraxis to form the optic chiasm on the hypothalamus in a position defined by over

188 oth in determining the position of the optic chiasm on the ventral diencephalon (presumptive hypothal

189 ect axons along the optic nerve to the optic chiasm on the ventral surface of the hypothalamus.

190 ll proteins is similar, occupying the entire chiasm, optic tracts, and prechiasmatic portion of the o

191 The core is located above the optic chiasm, receives primary and secondary visual afferents,

192 The chiasm reduced retinal neurite lengths and numbers, but

193 Here, we show that ephrin-Bs in the chiasm region direct the divergence of retinal axons thr

194 isms that mediate axon exit from the midline chiasm region or defects in growth cone signaling requir

195 Vema in the developing spinal cord and optic chiasm resembles the expression patterns of a variety of

196 The chiasm response reveals the temporal order in which the

197 tion zone leads to axons backing up into the chiasm, resulting in circular trajectories and eventual

198 At the optic chiasm, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons make the decis

199 At the optic chiasm, retinal ganglion cell axons from each eye conver

200 At the optic chiasm, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project ipsi- or c

201 hila homologs of DM-GRASP/BEN/SC1 (irregular chiasm-roughest and dumbfounded) are deleted together.

202 ounded, but not between Hibris and Irregular Chiasm-Roughest.

203 d patients with tumors compressing the optic chiasm should be referred to an ophthalmologist for form

204 We found that glutamate agonists and optic chiasm stimulation inhibit serotonergic phase advances a

205 his increase, abolishes glutamate- and optic chiasm stimulation-induced phase delays of the SCN circa

206 a3D and sema3E are expressed adjacent to the chiasm, suggesting that they facilitate retinal midline

207 othalamus, and in a site dorsal to the optic chiasm that included the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

208 rapeutic interventions that damage the optic chiasm, the pituitary stalk and the hypothalamic area.

209 The second site is the optic chiasm, the site of retinal axon divergence.

210 al retinal decussation patterns at the optic chiasm: their uncrossed projections are smaller and aris

211 RGC axons decussate to form the optic chiasm, then grow to targets in the thalamus and midbrai

212 In the chiasm, they are dispersed through the hemichiasm, with

213 f 13; 62%), optic nerves (14 of 19; 74%), or chiasm (three of four; 75%) within 15 days of any relaps

214 t mice initially fail to grow from the optic chiasm to form optic tracts and are delayed temporarily

215 on cell (RGC) axons diverge within the optic chiasm to project to opposite sides of the brain.

216 r to cross or avoid the midline at the optic chiasm to project to targets on both sides of the brain.

217 ephrin-B2 on radial glia cells at the optic chiasm to repulse VT axons away from the midline and int

218 sts, and electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm to SCN brain slices to determine the effect of th

219 tinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons at the optic chiasm to the appropriate hemisphere, a pattern critical

220 rom the area immediately caudal to the optic chiasm to the level of the posterior hypothalamus.

221 hat retinal ganglion cells make at the optic chiasm, to either cross or avoid the midline.

222 axons pathfind normally, but growth from the chiasm toward their targets is impaired, resulting in a

223 RGC axons to progress laterally through the chiasm-tract transition zone to form the optic tract.

224 Here we found that in the chiasm-tract transition zone, axons of CD44/SSEA neurons

225 which the initial pathfinding defect at the chiasm/tract transition zone leads to axons backing up i

226 Stimulation of the optic nerve or chiasm usually evoked a monosynaptic EPSC which was medi

227 y which axons choose their route through the chiasm was also thought to differ between the two major

228 Morphologic analysis of the optic chiasm was based on manual measurement of regions of int

229 inal axon growth and divergence at the optic chiasm, we cocultured mouse retinal and chiasm explants

230 teral and misrouted projections at the optic chiasm were overproduced in Brn3b(-/-) mice but missing

231 Close to the chiasm, where the glial organisation changes and fascicl

232 me axons from each retina cross at the optic chiasm, whereas others do not.

233 RGC axon segregation occurs at the optic chiasm, which forms at the ventral diencephalon midline.

234 we compare guidance mechanisms at the optic chiasm with those in other midline models and highlight

235 of retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm, with strictly controlled numbers projecting cont

236 regeneration, with axons reaching the optic chiasm within 3 wk.

237 s deficient in GAP-43 have an enlarged optic chiasm within which RGC axons were reportedly stalled.