ライフサイエンスコーパス: clay

1 ., homoionized kaolinite and montmorillonite clays).

2 on, for Ca(2+) ions naturally present in the clay.

3 y to examine relatively undiluted authigenic clay.

4 ld a three-dimensional representation of the clay.

5 the binder is composed of an allophane-like clay.

6 adsorption to hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) and clay.

7 s with biologically/chemically reduced model clays.

8 r alone, with illite outperforming the other clays.

9 gregates) might explain the resulting MoS(2)/clay aggregate configurations, which were probed via the

10 The porosity of clay aggregates is an important property governing chemi

11 fects of three soil types, sandy loam, silty clay and clay, on the ANPP response of perennial C(3) /C

12 As such, biomolecule-clay and polymer-clay interactions are set in competitio

13 To date, both biomolecule-clay and polymer-clay nanocomposite strategies have util

14 ed granular ceramic material made of red art clay and recycled paper fiber was developed for the remo

15 The clay and zeolite colloids produced in these experiments

16 cess, utilizing porous catalysts composed of clay and zeolite, converts heavy crude-oil fractions int

17 by climate, but primarily by the content of clay and, secondarily by the slope of the site.

18 inary wares; (ii) intervalley homogeneity of clays and fabrics for a wide range of decorated wares (e

19 sults show: (i) intervalley heterogeneity of clays and fabrics for ordinary wares; (ii) intervalley h

20 of pore occupancy is universal to the three clays and the two gases, and it depends solely on temper

21 hen, moss, mixed), soil texture (sand, loam, clay), and climatic zone (arid, semiarid, dry subhumid)

22 along a soil texture gradient from 0 to 67% clay, and increasing metal-oxide content.

23 to 50%, all positively correlating with soil clay, and iron and aluminum oxide and hydroxide content.

24 ent-free crystals and solids such as silica, clay, and zeolite and water-soluble hosts that can solub

25 s minerals and mineraloids including gypsum, clays, and amorphous silica (opal).

26 ure iron- and manganese-containing minerals, clays, and aquifer solids.

27 Hence, at the atomic level, the Malagasy clays are genuine mineralogical analogues to those curre

28 ors on Cr(VI) transformation by iron-bearing clays are poorly understood.

29 the asymptotic J(CO2) response on the silty clay arose from a net negative feedback among exp(H), sp

30 ow connectivity of organic matter-hosted and clay-associated pores in these shales.

31 In the presence of the clay, at lower pyrolysis temperatures, the biochar devel

32 Soil components (e.g., clays, bacteria and humic substances) are known to produ

33 olymer, carbonaceous, metal, metal oxide and clay) based modified electrodes for the sensing of NADH.

34 in low-permeability geologic formations and clay-based engineered barrier systems.

35 capability for estimating gas adsorption on clay-bearing rocks and sediments.

36 The clay buffered the media pH to approximately 4.6 and Eh v

37 We find in shales >80% of OM occurs in clays, but <1% occurs in clays within BIF.

38 The textural characterization of the clays by gas physisorption indicates that micropores are

39 shallow serpentine alteration to authigenic clays by seawater.

40 to measure temporal gains/losses of surface clay caused by periodic wind erosion (dust) and rainfall

41 while at higher temperature, the presence of clay causes a reduction in the biochar pore volume.

42 elite=3:4:1 and com II; bentonite: activated clay: celite=3:4:1+1% citric acid) on the physico-chemic

43 tions of isomorphic substitutions (origin of clay charge) located in octahedral versus tetrahedral la

44 Hybrid polycation-clay composites, based on methylated poly vinylpyridiniu

45 The clay composition map shows how kaolinite has developed o

46 of OC is also related to grain size with the clay containing mostly (immature) plant derived OC and s

47 creases for this reaction in the presence of clay-containing ATPS over clay in buffer alone, with ill

48 The ability of each clay-containing ATPS to catalyze reaction of o-phenylene

49 es with pre-existing phyllosilicate-bearing (clay content </=3 wt.%) micro-layers weaken faster than

50 ropose that, within calcite gouge, ultra-low clay content (</=3 wt.%) localized along micrometer-thic

51 te, and sulfate concentrations, soil pH, and clay content (weighted average between 0 and 2 m depths)

52 e of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density.

53 ies of SOC to variation in soil temperature, clay content and litter input.

54 Soil clay content and pH were the most important predictive s

55 Increased clay content from 10% to 50% among soils reduced ANPP by

56 nutrient uptake required, soils with higher clay content may actually serve to sustain high tree gro

57 he soil properties; a high organic matter or clay content was observed to negatively affect the recov

58 cs, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth.

59 to study soil C cycling: metabolic quotient, clay content, and physical fractionation.

60 roperties (such as cation exchange capacity, clay content, bulk density) 24%.

61 organic C (POC, HOC, and ROC, respectively), clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, volume

62 e BJH pore volume is positively related with clay content, suggesting N2GA is suitable for describing

63 soil organic carbon (C), soil C:N ratio, and clay content, where Q10 was primarily influenced by the

64 in soils with low soil bulk density and low clay content.

65 4 to <0.02 mg kg(-1) in soil with increasing clay content.

66 with expectations, such as high Ca with high clay content.

67 t had a relatively low soil bulk density and clay content.

68 ine-textured soils, and in soils with higher clay contents (>35%) and low pH (<5.5).

69 Badland soils-which have high silt and clay contents, bulk density, and soil electric conductiv

70 s, porous composites composed of zeolite and clay crack the heavy fractions in crude oil into transpo

71 ancient Mesopotamian history and culture are clay cuneiform tablets.

72 thin the clays, suggest that similar shallow clay deposits on Mars may contain biosignatures easily r

73 ave the potential to host large lithium-rich clay deposits.

74 mas have the potential to host large lithium clay deposits.

75 re attached to when favorable conditions for clay detachment from the sand grains were encountered.

76 to organic carbon and organic carbon-coated clays dominate U(IV) speciation in an organic-rich natur

77 linite; therefore, Ca(2+)-bridging of BPS to clay edge sites was assessed by comparing sorption from

78 e to propagate rapidly once initiated at the clay edge.

79 Only Al derived from the clay exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations for

80 by added/sorbed Fe(II) (if Fe(II)SORBED > 8% clay Fe(II)LABILE); however, the kinetics of this concep

81 ers showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest.

82 s of sauconite identifying new mechanisms of clay formation in surface environments of rocky planets.

83 esent experimental evidence that shows rapid clay formation under conditions that would have been pre

84 The Opalinus Clay formation will host geological nuclear waste reposi

85 over the Cenozoic reduced marine authigenic clay formation, contributing to the rise in seawater Mg/

86 The clay fraction enhanced the retention of the CeO2 nanopar

87 whereby an increase of the Ni content in the clay fraction is observed following the retention experi

88 sorption data in considering that only weak clay fraction sites take part in the adsorption.

89 er component was found in the sand, silt, or clay fraction while the structural component was exclusi

90 roportion of microbial-derived C in the silt-clay fraction, as compared with that in adjacent soils t

91 in the antibacterial action of a kaolin-rich clay from the Colombian Amazon (AMZ).

92 The process involved the collection of raw clay from the source, identification and quantification

93 fractions (fine sand, FSa, and fine silt and clay, FSi + Cl), isolated from an agricultural soil unam

94 These AC-clay granules (ACC-G) were tested for remediation potent

95 cterized by soil pH<5, organic carbon<1%, or clay>30%; and one application of <80 t ha(-1) wood bioch

96 ain unclear and the adsorbed state of REE to clays has never been demonstrated in situ.

97 as their utility as physical cross-linkers, clays have been explored for sustained localization of b

98 Some clays have been shown to kill antibiotic-resistant human

99 In the constrained interlayer regions of the clay, hydrated electrons and co-sorbed PFCs are brought

100 We posit that the formation of zeolites and clays hydrothermally altered at 200 degrees C may lead t

101 single walled carbon nanotubes and colloidal clays, ii) the molecular level integration of inherently

102 in the presence of clay-containing ATPS over clay in buffer alone, with illite outperforming the othe

103 Whereas the iron natural to clay in the composite seems to be unaffected by operatio

104 the prevalence of OM in clays within BIF and clays in shales associated with BIF.

105 ago, John Desmond Bernal proposed a role for clays in the origin of life.

106 ely mediated by cation exchange in micaceous clays, in particular Illite-a non-swelling clay mineral

107 Pore spaces in clays include interlayer and interparticle pores.

108 , suggesting N2GA is suitable for describing clay inter-crystalline pores in tight sandstones.

109 s loop is consistent with SEM observation on clay inter-crystalline pores while BJH pore volume is po

110 As such, biomolecule-clay and polymer-clay interactions are set in competition, potentially li

111 exchanging cation and the composition of the clay interlayer.

112 in the environment is greater where percent clay is less than 18% and soil pH is greater than 6.6.

113 evolution model; we find that the primordial clay is locally disrupted by impacts and buried by impac

114 We compared the three main types of natural clay: kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite, all of whic

115 tions in a pre-Holocene aquifer below such a clay layer and the repeated failure of a structurally so

116 by showing that organic carbon drawn from a clay layer into a low-arsenic pre-Holocene (>12 kyr-old)

117 Proximity to a confining clay layer that expels organic carbon as an indirect res

118 ince been dedicated to the study of silicate clays, layered double hydroxides, believed to be common

119 Confining clay layers typically protect groundwater aquifers again

120 o the dynamic delamination and restacking of clay layers, which creates a feedback between the hydrat

121 method to construct a complex and realistic clay-like nanoparticle aggregate with interparticle pore

122 Sandy clay loam soil in combination with 50 IJs cm(-2) of S. f

123 d extractable from soil particles in a silty clay loam soil than in a fine sandy loam soil.

124 g two contrasted soils (sandy soil and sandy clay loam) that were amended with sewage sludge or poult

125 Here we report that amending a UK clay-loam agricultural soil with a high loading (10 kg/m

126 for a given soil especially for the two high clay low OC soils, BPS sorbed much more than expected re

127 The role of the clay matrix in Ni retention is confirmed by analyzing th

128 ws U associated with detrital quartz and the clay matrix in the shale.

129 -1)) is homogeneously distributed within the clay matrix, which corresponds to the main reservoir (~7

130 Whitby Mudstone is a clay matrix-rich rock (50-70%), with different mineralog

131 mpared to GAC of the same particle size, the clay-matrix, and PAC.

132 ting of PAC embedded into a stable, granular clay-matrix, significantly reducing buoyancy.

133 Two adsorbents, Montmorillonite Clay (MC) and Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), are teste

134 ssing fungal growth and altering soil pH and clay-Mg(2+) -OC bridging.

135 ons containing 20 mM Fe(II) alone or Fe-free clay mineral (Syn-1), we observed a purely Fe(II)-contai

136 reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle and clay mineral catalysts coevolved remains a mystery in th

137 ing secondary Fe oxyhydroxide, Al(OH)(3), or clay mineral colloids, suggesting that the V is not bioa

138 increase in reduction potential results from clay mineral dissolution resulting in increased Fe(III)

139 aster HCA reduction occurred with decreasing clay mineral Fe content.

140 -content clay mineral SWy-2, suggesting that clay mineral Fe controlled the formation of the reactive

141 Our data suggest that clay mineral Fe(III) is a sink for electrons from added

142 iments motivated by the hypothesis that some clay mineral formation may have occurred under oxidized

143 In montmorillonite (MMT), a common clay mineral in soils, sediments, and muds, the swelling

144 Microdiffraction imaging identified the clay mineral kaolinite to play a key role in the immobil

145 ditions are needed to synthesize the Fe-rich clay mineral nontronite at low temperatures.

146 Here we explore the distribution of natural clay mineral particles in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/de

147 on and suggest that RMI formation depends on clay mineral presence and Fe content.

148 to electron equivalents retained within the clay mineral structure.

149 Adsorption and redox transformations on clay mineral surfaces are prevalent in surface environme

150 CE after adding 5 mM dissolved Fe(II) to the clay mineral suspensions.

151 y mineral Syn-1 > Fe(OH)(2) > low Fe-content clay mineral SWy-2, suggesting that clay mineral Fe cont

152 e observed in the presence of low Fe-content clay mineral SWy-2.

153 E products decreased in the order of Fe-free clay mineral Syn-1 > Fe(OH)(2) > low Fe-content clay min

154 s clays, in particular Illite-a non-swelling clay mineral that naturally contains interlayer K(+) and

155 Clay mineral-bearing locations have been targeted for ma

156 e is a degree of site masking in the ternary clay mineral-humic acid-bacteria composite.

157 NIR) spectrometer to measure iron oxides and clay mineralogy.

158 th (13)C-labelled amino acids and two common clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite).

159 Clay minerals abound in sedimentary formations and the i

160 These results suggest the coevolution of clay minerals and early metabolites in our planet could

161 cs of Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(II/III)-bearing clay minerals and may improve predictions of Cr(VI) beha

162 Surprisingly, U was also adsorbed to clay minerals and OM-coated clay minerals.

163 m, oxytetracycline) with two aluminosilicate clay minerals and one soil.

164 the fossils are composed of aluminosilicate clay minerals and some carbon, a composition comparable

165 Fe-bearing clay minerals are abundant in argillaceous rocks as thei

166 Serpentine clay minerals are found in many geological settings.

167 vior of iron (Fe(aq)(2+) -> Fe(surf)(3+)) in clay minerals are fundamental for environmental geochemi

168 ics and pathways of Cr(VI) reduction by such clay minerals are poorly understood.

169 Widespread iron-bearing clay minerals are potential materials that can reduce an

170 Clay minerals are principally Fe-Mg illite, mixed layers

171 On Mars, clay minerals are widespread in terrains that date back

172 Iron(II/III)-bearing clay minerals are widespread potential reductants of Cr(

173 st that iron adsorbs on the edge surfaces of clay minerals at distinct structural sites commonly refe

174 r reaction controlling its mobilization, and clay minerals could mitigate As mobilization with surfac

175 (II) in both low (SWy-2) and high (NAu-1) Fe clay minerals did not reduce PCE or TCE under anoxic con

176 Authigenic clay minerals formed on or in the seafloor occur in ever

177 Fe(II)-rich clay minerals found in subsurface redox transition zones

178 Iron occurs in clay minerals in both ferric and ferrous forms.

179 Herein, the crystallization of clay minerals is catalyzed by succinate, an example of a

180 that: (1) As desorption/adsorption from/onto clay minerals is the major reaction controlling its mobi

181 oxhydroxides, and V-bearing Al(OH)(3) and/or clay minerals may have occurred.

182 demonstrated the rapid formation of Fe-rich clay minerals of variable crystallinity from aqueous Fe(

183 s or sheaths, which are instead preserved by clay minerals or francolite.

184 Here, we evaluated whether Fe(II) in clay minerals reduces tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichl

185 ociated with Mg and Al and is likely part of clay minerals such as illite.

186 Our results suggest that Fe-rich clay minerals such as nontronite can form rapidly under

187 ematic oscillations of various evaporite and clay minerals that can be linked to the variation of reg

188 uction on soil surrogates composed of HA and clay minerals was studied by use of a coated-wall flow r

189 Clay minerals were co-located with P only to a lesser ex

190 n surface areas and equilibrium constants of clay minerals, and cation exchange capacity.

191 mentally relevant surfaces (Fe (hydr)oxides, clay minerals, and soil from Arizona and the Saharan Des

192 -toxic ionic aluminium (Al(3+)) species from clay minerals, driving the evolution of counteractive ad

193 In addition to clay minerals, Fe(III) oxides particles have recently be

194 Among clay minerals, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) possess a neg

195 ffect on Cr(VI) reduction kinetics: for both clay minerals, the rate constant of Cr(VI) reduction var

196 nect the synthesis of sauconite, a model for clay minerals, to prebiotic photochemistry.

197 n of the sorption properties of three source clay minerals-Na-rich montmorillonite (SWy-2), illite-sm

198 the substituting cations in the TOT-layer of clay minerals.

199 f redox sensitive elements on the surface of clay minerals.

200 luence the sorption processes at surfaces of clay minerals.

201 quid water during this time to form hydrated clay minerals.

202 o study directly due to dilution by detrital clay minerals.

203 mmediately that initiates release of As from clay minerals.

204 iosity rover, which also identified smectite clay minerals.

205 in barite, sphene, chalcedony, apatite, and clay minerals.

206 d in the U(VI) sorption curves for the three clay minerals.

207 REE are inferred to be weakly adsorbed onto clay minerals.

208 also adsorbed to clay minerals and OM-coated clay minerals.

209 aqueous Cr(VI) with two abiotically reduced clay minerals: an Fe-poor montmorillonite and an Fe-rich

210 Polyzwitterion-clay nanocomposite hydrogels as a soft, stretchable, and

211 To date, both biomolecule-clay and polymer-clay nanocomposite strategies have utilised the negative

212 The ZnO/clay nanocomposites exhibited excellent recyclable and r

213 Clay nanomaterials are an emerging class of 2D biomateri

214 self-assembling hydrogels and functionalized clay nanoparticles with preserved surface exchange capac

215 , degradable, layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay nanosheets.

216 s of atmospheric CO2 on amine-functionalized clay nanotubes followed the fractional-order kinetic mod

217 kota stalagmite contained excessive detrital clay obstructing U-series dating, but it also contained

218 can explain the present distribution of many clays on Mars, and the anomalously low density of the Ma

219 three soil types, sandy loam, silty clay and clay, on the ANPP response of perennial C(3) /C(4) grass

220 avior in two different clay stones, Opalinus Clay (OPA) and Helvetic Marl (HM), was studied using a w

221 e oxidized forms of Pu(V,VI) within Opalinus Clay (OPA) rock, a heterogeneous, natural argillaceous r

222 the presence of geological materials such as clay, ore, pyrite, and potentially, hydrocarbons.

223 long oceanic subduction zones, where pelagic clays participate in seismic slip propagation.

224 ate interactions with the positively charged clay particle edge to develop self-assembling hydrogels

225 ategies have utilised the negatively charged clay particle surface.

226 candidates for the "active sites" that make clay particles effective nucleants for ice in the atmosp

227 Natural clay particles have been hypothesized as catalysts on th

228 a colloidal system of polydisperse, rod-like clay particles that is driven by particle repulsions ins

229 chemical and physical properties of silt and clay particles that occlude organic matter from microbia

230 ents, and muds, the swelling and collapse of clay particles through the addition or removal of discre

231 The addition of 2 wt % clay particles to sand greatly retarded the transport of

232 Association of clay particles with droplets formed by liquid-liquid pha

233 a finite Fe(III) pool along the edges of the clay particles, accompanied by a limited release to solu

234 tural Fe sites located near the edges of the clay particles.

235 Cutting across these clay patterns are sandy deserts that developed <10 Ma an

236 bacterial diversity) and soil factors (e.g. clay, pH, and C availability of microbial biomass C and

237 etal particles, nanoscale ceramic particles, clays, polymers, hybrid materials composed of polymers a

238 g the B25 bentonite and a synthetic Opalinus Clay pore water solution, which were incubated for one y

239 NMR cryoporosimetry, is altered by the iron-clay pretreatment.

240 troscopy shows that the presence of the iron clay prevents degradation of the cellulosic fraction at

241 m chloride salt crystals and Montmorillonite clay, previously proposed to promote polymerization.

242 higher temperatures (350-550 degrees C), the clay promotes biomass degradation, resulting in an incre

243 A novel sensor platform modified with clay-protein based composite nanoparticles (Mt-HSA NCs)

244 lite with spectral bands designed to measure clays, quartz and other minerals were released in 2012 f

245 n of MoS(2) increased with increasing MoS(2)/clay ratios and approached maximum values of 0.09 and 0.

246 ssolved Fe(2+) to porewaters, thus enhancing clay-rich Antarctic sub-ice shelf sediments as an import

247 We discovered the clay-rich layer to be wet (a phenomenon never observed b

248 hermore, we explore the fate of a primordial clay-rich layer with the help of a parameterized crustal

249 Ion exchange in nanoporous clay-rich media plays an integral role in water, nutrien

250 ndrite Khatyrka recovered from fine-grained, clay-rich sediments in the Koryak Mountains, Chukotka (R

251 ding forms in aggregates taken from a high-P clay-rich soil and a low-P sandy soil by combining advan

252 igher fullerol mineralization in an organic, clay-rich soil versus a silty, low C soil ( approximatel

253 in interaction with Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) clay rock, a formation selected in France for possible r

254 al structure, alters the elastic behavior of clay rocks significantly, thus modifying seismic and son

255 ide disposal is mostly conducted in granite, clay, saltstone, or volcanic tuff formations.

256 fication protocol for its isolation from raw clay samples acquired from the Koh-e-Suleiman mountain r

257 The results showed that TOC, nature (clay, sandy, and loamy) of the soil, and the concentrati

258 ctericidal mechanism demonstrated by natural clays should guide designs of new mineral-based antibact

259 Characterization of the clay size fraction of a fine-grained unit from the RTZ i

260 s: a sandy soil poor in organic matter and a clay soil rich in organic matter, both contaminated with

261 ganic matter (OM)-rich peat soil, an OM-poor clay soil, a hydrophilic Aldrich humic acid salt, and wa

262 CO2) on an alluvial sandy loam and a lowland clay soil, and an asymptotic increase on an upland silty

263 nd an asymptotic increase on an upland silty clay soil.

264 as the dominant limitation on J(CO2) on the clay soil.

265 cation of microbial community structure in a clay soil.

266 , (2) turmeric, or (3) geophagous materials (clay, soil, or ash).

267 Phenol uptake by peat and clay soils was also associated with a significant enhanc

268 increased with rainfall and on nutrient-rich clay soils.

269 in uptake capacities that originate from the clay-specific pore size distribution.

270 ribution of properly weighted slit pores and clay-specific solid-fluid interaction energies, which ag

271 by using a set of storage jar handles (fired clay) stamped by royal seals as part of the ancient admi

272 uivalent pores are small pores in compressed clay stones that are small enough to have, because of ov

273 he anion exclusion behavior in two different clay stones, Opalinus Clay (OPA) and Helvetic Marl (HM),

274 have promoted habitability, particularly in clay strata.

275 lysis confirmed successful immobilization of clay structural network on the lattice layers of zincite

276 Cr(III)-hydroxide and that Fe remains in the clay structure after reacting with Cr(VI).

277 at pH values of 4 and 6; differences in the clay structures (i.e., face-face or face-edge aggregates

278 o structure relaxations of several different clay structures with substituted Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) in the bu

279 biosignatures we have identified within the clays, suggest that similar shallow clay deposits on Mar

280 tive because of electrostatic repulsion from clay surfaces with a net negative charge.

281 available in the outermost few nanometers of clay surfaces.

282 re key to modulating the stability of MoS(2)/clay systems.

283 In the case of Opalinus Clay, the anion accessible porosity increases from 3% at

284 eactivity studies are based on reduced model clays, the reactivity of naturally reduced field samples

285 rillonite content from 21.8-25.1% in the raw clay to 90.1-93.9% after small-scale extraction and 85.3

286 that cover wide ranges of soil texture from clay to sand and soil bulk density from 0.33 g/cm(3) to

287 Here, we explore the effect of clay- to sand-sized mineral abrasives (quartz, volcanic

288 The three clay types differ in particle size, crystal structure, a

289 The earliest known clay vessels that were possibly used for feeding infants

290 on semiconductor minerals, the synthesis of clays was demonstrated at low temperature and ambient pr

291 ever, that a substantial proportion of these clays was formed when Mars' primary crust reacted with a

292 of a substantial new source of this valuable clay which is currently used across multiple industries

293 Conversely, clays with charge originating from octahedral sites prod

294 r all compounds across the various homoionic clays with sorption coefficients (Kd) decreasing as foll

295 related significantly with the percentage of clay within cores, suggesting that microplastics have si

296 int and quantify the abundance of authigenic clay within SPG sediment.

297 idea by documenting the prevalence of OM in clays within BIF and clays in shales associated with BIF

298 80% of OM occurs in clays, but <1% occurs in clays within BIF.

299 hydrothermal fluids becomes concentrated in clays within caldera lake sediments to potentially econo

300 Conversely, BIF which possess primary clays would be expected to preserve OM in clays, yet thi

301 ry clays would be expected to preserve OM in clays, yet this is not seen.