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1 elaxation driven by the interaction with the Co substrate.
2 al pool size and turnover rate of the cycled co-substrate.
3 g of GalOA yields when glucose was used as a co-substrate.
4 converting NO to nitrate ion with oxygen as co-substrate.
5 degrading enzyme that requires pyruvate as a co-substrate.
6 n(II) as a co-factor and 2-oxoglutarate as a co-substrate.
7 rase that utilizes S-adenosylmethionine as a co-substrate.
8 roM, respectively, in the presence of excess co-substrate.
9 he enzyme requires S-adenosylmethionine as a co-substrate.
10 y 13 enzymes in vitro utilizing sucrose as a co-substrate.
11 om Pichia pastoris (PpAOX) and methanol as a co-substrate.
12 L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as an essential co-substrate.
13 ellular reductant such as ferredoxin (Fd) as co-substrates.
14 between the available reducing and oxidizing co-substrates.
15 l-Ara4N, when NAD and glutamate are added as co-substrates.
16 the inclusion of appropriate nucleophiles as co-substrates.
17 ing nitric oxide (NO) and dioxygen (O(2)) as co-substrates.
18 atty acid substrates using O(2) and NADPH as co-substrates.
19 lases that use NADPH and molecular oxygen as co-substrates.
20 esolution and analyzed its mode of action on COS substrates.
21 lyst, and in a form that contained iron, the co-substrate 2-oxoglutarate, and the reaction product of
22 d TET enzymes, which use 2-oxoglutarate as a co-substrate(4), CMD1 uses L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) a
23 t in the absence of CO(2) , only the organic co-substrates acetate, lactate and pyruvate, but not Fe(
25 ITA binds to the same site on TET2 as the co-substrate alpha-ketoglutarate, inhibiting TET2 cataly
27 he binary complexes it forms with either the co-substrate (alpha-ketoglutarate) or the substrate (fum
28 ed a wasteful end-product since it is also a co-substrate and a global regulator of glucose metabolis
29 ichael adduct suggested stabilization of the co-substrate and acyl-binding loops as a possible additi
30 itro kinase assays, ATP-MAc acts as a kinase co-substrate and covalently crosslinks only kinases cont
32 ith 2 mM Fe(II), amended with 0.6 mM organic co-substrate, and in the presence/absence of CO(2) .
33 although their affinities for each of these co-substrates, and hence their sensitivity to depletion
35 ses (group D), which use reduced flavin as a co-substrate, are less amenable to spectroscopic investi
36 extensin as substrate and 60 microM H2O2 as co-substrate, at 23 degrees pl 4.6 extensin peroxidase g
39 we have determined the solvent effects of a co-substrate, beta-mercaptoethanol, and of a model nonsu
40 inary approach used here sheds light on the (co)substrate binding mechanism, catalytic step, and (co)
42 te kinetics indicate that TH has a different co-substrate binding sequence (pterin + O(2) + L-tyr) th
45 , a shift from ordered to random addition in co-substrate binding, and a significantly reduced rate o
46 correct target engagement rather than NAD(+) co-substrate binding, and by which the two protomers of
47 function, including S-adenosyl-L-methionine co-substrate binding, beginning with a new sequence alig
49 f serotonin employing varying intracellular (co-)substrate concentrations and interpreted the data us
50 otope effects that increase in proportion to co-substrate concentrations before converging to limitin
51 e reaction and linear pathways, we find that co-substrate cycling imposes an additional flux limit on
53 We discuss how the limitations imposed by co-substrate cycling provide experimentally testable hyp
58 We conclude that measuring and controlling co-substrate dynamics is crucial for understanding and e
59 hydroxylases alike decarboxylate the alphaKG co-substrate, facilitating formation of a high-energy fe
60 and it appeared to increase the strength of CO (substrate for acetyl-CoA synthesis) binding to the r
62 of Mtb TlyA interaction with its obligatory co-substrate for methyltransferase activity, S-adenosyl-
63 ecule in cellular metabolism and an obligate co-substrate for NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, which regulat
65 -, but not (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate, acts as a co-substrate for the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hyd
68 s a radical SAM enzyme that uses oxygen as a co-substrate in its physiologically relevant function.
69 e (alternatively termed 2-oxoglutarate) as a co-substrate in so many oxidation reactions throughout m
70 c5B approximately (125)I-ubiquitin thioester co-substrate in the nanomolar range ([S](1/2) = 140 +/-
71 re also other metabolites that act as cycled co-substrates in different parts of central metabolism.
72 pletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions
73 due to subtle differences in the kinetics of co-substrate ion binding in closely related transporters
74 er is exposed to solvent, the 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate likely adopts an inactive conformation in t
75 ropeptide in the presence and absence of its co-substrates may represent a release mechanism for macr
76 monitored the translocation of substrate and co-substrate Na(+) across the lipid bilayer and the tran
78 ol binding site on SIRT2 contact the sirtuin co-substrate NAD(+) during enzymatic catalysis, and assa
79 eased the nuclear concentration of the SIRT1 co-substrate NAD(+), and decreased chromatin accessibili
80 al structures of MtmW and its complexes with co-substrate NADPH and PEG, suggest a catalytic mechanis
81 bition that is dependent on the level of the co-substrate, O(2), and reductant as well as substrate d
83 re makes use of reactive molecular oxygen as co-substrate of oxygenases to hydroxylate and cleave the
84 ZNF746) was initially identified as a novel co-substrate of parkin and PINK1 that leads to Parkinson
85 ilatory sulfur metabolism, where it works as co-substrate of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase DsrA
87 age in greater numbers than controls lacking co-substrate or when PIMT protein binding was poisoned w
88 easurement of oxygen consumption, peroxidase co-substrate oxidation or prostaglandin (PG) detection.
89 ementation with acetate, a common wastewater co-substrate, promoted cell growth and PET fragmentation
90 ing in the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate (a co-substrate required by many mononuclear iron enzymes),
91 bolic interdependence of microorganisms, and co-substrate requirements in the catabolism of xenobioti
92 remodelling factors, the Rea1 ATPase and its co-substrate Rsa4, are present on Nug2-associated partic
93 ry metabolic pathways utilising an expensive co-substrate S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as the methyl
98 viding structural evidence for substrate and co-substrate specificity and the inability of PvdA to bi
99 ant amount (170-fold) only when dCTP was the co-substrate suggesting that a hydrogen bond exists only
102 We investigated the potential role of the co-substrate, thiocyanate (SCN-), in modulating the cata
103 oxygenases that deploy molecular oxygen as a co-substrate to catalyse the post-translational hydroxyl
108 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, the carbon-fixing co-substrate used by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxyla