ライフサイエンスコーパス: coal

1 e heating sources based on cheap low-quality coal.

2 ~54% lower than those associated with Indian coal.

3 the amount of carbon sequestered within the coal.

4 easing argon injecting pressure for San Juan coal.

5 bioconverted coals compared to the untreated coal.

6 = 9) from TiO2 minerals naturally present in coal.

7 city demand currently projected to be met by coal.

8 ransformed into peat, lignite, and, finally, coal.

9 upplanting the country's current reliance on coal.

10 = 0.43), compared to areas burning smokeless coal.

11 nosheets (E-CNS) derived from sub-bituminous coal.

12 helium did not change the T2 spectra of the coals.

13 stry are estimated up to 7.66 Mt of standard coal, 63.9 Mt of CO2 and 25.2 Mt of pig iron, respective

14 ovations between fungi and plants, Paleozoic coal abundance was likely the result of a unique combina

15 nlignified lycopsid periderm with equivalent coal accumulation rates continuing through several trans

16 be approximately 15-60% higher than that of coal across sectors under GWP20.

17 ws evidence for the public health impacts of coal across the extraction, processing, use, and waste d

18 Here we have discovered that burning coal also produces large quantities of otherwise rare Ma

19 We investigated the association of cooking coal and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a pro

20 uring Belt, a region historically reliant on coal and dense with industry.

21 of fuel, with relatively low emissions from coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar

22 with power generated by combustion of Indian coal and liquefied natural gas (LNG) imported from the U

23 erformance data for 39 open- and closed-loop coal and natural gas plants from across the U.S., which

24 include gasification and steam reforming of coal and natural gas, in which anthropogenic CO(2) emiss

25 al gas-based capacity, while water-intensive coal and nuclear plants retire.

26 tic hydrocarbon naphthalene, which occurs in coal and oil, can be degraded by aerobic or anaerobic mi

27 In this study, two coal and two shale samples were evaluated to estimate fr

28 f smoky coal, compared to users of smokeless coal and wood.

29 felong exposure to the constituents of smoky coal (and other fuel types) and lung cancer.

30 scenario (including only natural bromide in coal) and from 16 to 190 mug/L for the Bromide Addition

31 erials such as hydrated cement paste, shale, coal, and some other rocks and soils have already been m

32 ors have found that TiO2 minerals present in coal are converted into titanium suboxides during burnin

33 including depth, type, plugging status, and coal area designation; and (iii) estimate attribute-spec

34 Concentrated efforts to eliminate coal as an energy source are imperative to improve publi

35 Coal, as one of the most economic and abundant energy so

36 opic fingerprints that are characteristic of coal ash at all but one site.

37 Coal ash disposal exposes communities to heavy metals an

38 Given the large number of coal ash impoundments throughout the United States, the

39 The risk of the mobilization of coal ash into the environment has highlighted the need f

40 Overall, As in coal ash is not environmentally stable and can participa

41 ates, the systematic evidence for leaking of coal ash ponds shown in this study highlights potential

42 , provide strong evidence for the leaking of coal ash ponds to adjacent surface water and shallow gro

43 Carolina) to evaluate possible leaking from coal ash ponds.

44 s potential environmental risks from unlined coal ash ponds.

45 ms and is also promising for waste glass and coal ash recycling.

46 assessment of the environmental behavior of coal ash, particularly with respect to toxic trace eleme

47 odules of permineralized fossil soils called coal balls [2], which formed in the Carboniferous coal s

48 tems preserved as compression fossils and in coal balls from the Carboniferous period.

49 his increase to 18%, hypothetically enabling coal-based electricity with net-zero life-cycle GHG.

50 s an environmentally superior alternative to coal-based PAC for micropollutant removal from wastewate

51 e San Juan Basin (SJB) is one of the largest coal-bed methane producing regions in North America and,

52 Adaptations to shale, coal beds, etc., are possible.

53 In addition, coal bioavailability is no longer a limiting factor.

54 d using new data on TE concentrations in the coal blend, where data quality is the weakest.

55 ) emission intensities, including industrial coal, building biomass, and industrial liquids.

56 ures from fossil fuel combustion, especially coal burning but also from diesel traffic, were associat

57 in the human lung.Solid-state emissions from coal burning remain an environmental concern.

58 implying that these unexpected benefits from coal-burning reduction may be widespread.

59 l fuel combustion exposures, especially from coal-burning sources.

60 id-state emissions worldwide from industrial coal-burning.

61 Freeze-thaw induced fracturing coal by liquid nitrogen (LN2) injection exerts a signifi

62 e delta(15)NCN values for samples related to coal carbonization and blast furnaces overlapped within

63 However, for coal carbonization sites, historical research into the m

64 Coal-carbonization-related cyanides had unique high mean

65 fy that this fossil source is primarily from coal combustion activities in winter, especially from th

66 Thus, rising Hg emissions from coal combustion and artisanal and small-scale gold minin

67 this area; however, the influence of indoor coal combustion and household ventilation on outdoor air

68 Coal fly ash (CFA) is a byproduct of coal combustion and is a source of anthropogenic PM with

69 emissions from eight states with significant coal combustion and large downwind populations.

70 l composition between cities, but PM2.5 from coal combustion and metal sources varied across cities.

71 isotope variations within the products from coal combustion and thermo-desorption experiments with l

72 in 2012 that could be due to the residential coal combustion and vehicle exhaust under poor winter di

73 tion provides direct evidence that intensive coal combustion could contribute to increased light-abso

74 nal emissions, including biomass burning and coal combustion emissions from nearby regions, were weak

75 The reclamation of REEs from coal combustion fly ash has been proposed as a way to su

76 Coal combustion is an important source to BrC in regions

77 particles are mixed with sulfate and are of coal combustion origin.

78 predicted most poorly due to limitations in coal combustion plume monitoring and modeling.

79 y suggests that more extensive monitoring of coal combustion products, including methylated PAHs, may

80 Source testing on Chinese residential coal combustion provides direct evidence that intensive

81 rs with varying burdens following decades of coal combustion residual (CCR) inputs.

82 pore waters, and resident fish species from coal combustion residual (CCR)-impacted lakes and paired

83 Coal combustion residuals (CCRs), the largest industrial

84 Coal combustion residues (CCRs) are enriched in Mo, and

85 Coal combustion residues and other geological waste mate

86 Coal fly ash (CFA) is a by-product of coal combustion that can affect human health.

87 lth effects in rural villages from household coal combustion will require the use of cleaner fuel typ

88 idation of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) emitted by coal combustion.

89 d and gas phase emissions from applewood and coal combustion.

90 dimension decreases for the two bioconverted coals compared to the untreated coal.

91 to controls were observed for users of smoky coal, compared to users of smokeless coal and wood.

92 irical and mechanistic relationships between coal concentration, trace element partitioning, and FGD

93 ricity" strategies aim at reducing dispersed coal consumption and related air pollution by promoting

94 from 2004 to 2008, but then decreased due to coal consumption reduction, energy structure reconstruct

95 arbon levels were positively correlated with coal consumption through midcentury, after which they de

96 Across the coal continuum, adverse impacts are disproportionately f

97 the same period of 2016, where the dispersed coal control measures contributed ~60% of the total PM(2

98 ay be used to better represent the impact of coal cookstoves on the ambient air quality and for a mor

99 As Chinese emissions from coal decline in coming decades, transboundary pollution

100 The bulk of Earth's coal deposits used as fossil fuel today was formed from

101 cance of the fossil carbon stored in Earth's coal deposits.

102 aleozoic is so named for massive, widespread coal deposits.

103 ntation is limited to the bioavailability of coal-derived compounds and is considered carbon positive

104 use of wood biochar, biosolids biochar, and coal-derived PAC to remove sulfamethoxazole from wastewa

105 he power sector were to continue its current coal dominated trajectory.

106 g that explosive reactions between magma and coal during the Siberian flood-basalt eruptions released

107 tent with silica and silicates; carbonaceous coal dust was less prominent.

108 1-2 orders of magnitude less than the HTI of coal electricity (0.016-0.024 DALY/GWh versus 0.69-1.7 D

109 his paper, we ask whether rapidly displacing coal electricity generation with underutilized, existing

110 lifetime of a well also has a lower HTI than coal electricity.

111 excess deaths per year from Southeast Asian coal emissions at present, increasing to 69660 (40080-12

112 The results showed that coal emissions compromised the viability of ocular cells

113 ransboundary pollution influence from rising coal emissions in Southeast Asia may become an increasin

114 echnologies, i.e., oxyfuel combustion, clean coal energy delivery, and catalytic membrane reactors fo

115 l coal-to-gas redispatch displaces 62-77% of coal energy, leaving some coal online, (2) the health be

116 orth most likely related to a combination of coal-eroding bedrock and the biological pump.

117 The risk of continued coal expansion, including the near-term growth permitted

118 umented or compared among the major types of coal feedstocks that determine fly ash composition.

119 aft measurements made downwind from specific coal fired power plants during the 2013 Southeast Nexus

120 Using data on the coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) in Texas we

121 ral and road dust combined with sulfate from coal-fired electrical generating units were converted in

122 We present a Life Cycle Assessment of coal-fired electricity generation that compares monoetha

123 o redispatching (i.e., substituting gas- for coal-fired electricity generation), wind, and normal CCS

124 if NPPs operate flexibly, then the share of coal-fired electricity will be reduced from 37% to 22%.

125 d-Atlantic PJM system that relies heavily on coal-fired generation.

126 mall number of power plants, mainly baseload coal-fired generators.

127 orks yet record both the opening of a nearby coal-fired power plant and amendments to the Clean Air A

128 Effluents from coal-fired power plant ash ponds are a major source of e

129 AWL-reactor to date that was installed at a coal-fired power plant in Germany.

130 on has focused on oil and gas wastewater and coal-fired power plant wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD

131 The present work evaluates the role of coal-fired power plant wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD

132 Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) generate air, water, and

133 redictive model of trace element behavior at coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) to estimate the trace el

134 Trace elements (TEs) exit coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) via solid, liquid, and g

135 nergy, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from coal-fired power plants and industry is a major pollutan

136 Coal-fired power plants equipped with wet flue gas desul

137 n pose serious health risks to consumers and coal-fired power plants have been identified as the majo

138 lfurization (FGD) wastewater discharges from coal-fired power plants may increase bromide concentrati

139 Bromide loads were evaluated for all coal-fired power plants operating wet FGD, and flow path

140 d gas-produced water discharges and 33% with coal-fired power plants operating wet FGD, with 18% deri

141 From a detailed analysis of coal-fired power plants presently planned or under const

142 a possible method of replacing conventional coal-fired power plants to meet the demands for lower CO

143 If the planned retirement of coal-fired power plants together with new installations

144 y correlated with distances from the studied coal-fired power plants, and the mercury contents in let

145 to capture and sequester carbon dioxide from coal-fired power plants, as well as other low-carbon ele

146 ic sources-such as oil refineries, smelters, coal-fired power plants, cities, wildfires and ships-rev

147 Stationary combustion, in particular in coal-fired power plants, is found to be the main respons

148 f mercury pollution in food crops grown near coal-fired power plants, we measured the total mercury c

149 crops collected from farms located near two coal-fired power plants.

150 emoval of CO2 from the flue gas emissions of coal-fired power plants.

151 C) with historic selenium inputs from nearby coal-fired power plants.

152 ms and evaluates model accuracy for the U.S. coal fleet given current data constraints.

153 rement pathways for global and country-level coal fleets to limit long-term temperature change.

154 ys facile step-shaped adsorption of CO2 from coal flue gas at 40 degrees C and near complete CO2 deso

155 in the optimal range for carbon capture from coal flue gas.

156 Coal fly ash (CFA) is a by-product of coal combustion th

157 Coal fly ash (CFA) is a byproduct of coal combustion and

158 1) would be uniquely responsive to insoluble coal fly ash compared with the prototypical soluble agon

159 The I585V variant was less responsive to coal fly ash particles due to reduced translation of pro

160 Overall, this study shows that coal fly ash production could provide a substantial dome

161 thelial cells, IL-8 secretion in response to coal fly ash treatment was reduced for cells heterozygou

162 However, the typical REE contents in coal fly ash, particularly in the United States, have no

163 and concentration of REEs from a leachate of coal fly ash.

164 riants were more responsive to capsaicin and coal fly ash.

165 recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from coal fly ashes (CFAs) has been considered as a promising

166 ehold air pollution from combustion of smoky coal for cooking and heating.

167 d N footprint, while the heavy dependence on coal for electricity explains the large energy N footpri

168 Both countries rely heavily on coal for energy, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from c

169 1.34; P < 0.001), as was neighborhood use of coal for heating (OR, 1.09; P < 0.001).

170 ed to the domestic use of smoky (bituminous) coal for heating and cooking.

171 The use of coal for heating was also a risk factor for COPD among n

172 ajor mineral content and origins of the feed coal for the ash.

173 rtantly, the widespread use of high-selenium coals for electricity generation extends the potential r

174 Earth's penultimate icehouse and widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of ear

175 Reduced coal generation lowered SO(2) emissions in all future sc

176 ted in regions containing a high fraction of coal generation or a large chemical manufacturing indust

177 tion of locally sourced bituminous ("smoky") coal has been associated with the highest lung cancer ra

178 and nitrogen oxides released in some of the coal-heavy Rocky Mountain regions were related to electr

179 hermore, a large proportion of Carboniferous coal horizons are dominated by unlignified lycopsid peri

180 shale gas is about 30-50% lower than that of coal in all sectors under both 20 year and 100 year glob

181 Use of coal in domestic households causes public health harm co

182 Burning coal in power plants emits more nitrogen oxides, sulfur

183 adoption as a cleaner-burning alternative to coal in the power sector.

184 siness-as-usual scenario that emissions from coal in the region will triple to 2.6 Tg a(-1) SO2 and 2

185 due to combustion of fossil fuels (primarily coal) in calcining (~900 degrees C) and sintering (~1,45

186 Coal is used widely for domestic cooking in many regions

187 production and usage of natural gas, oil and coal) is thought to contribute 15 to 22 per cent of meth

188 deposition of fly ash from the combustion of coal (likely from Western Europe where it was almost ent

189 ly augment the permeability of frozen-thawed coal masses.

190 stored as an adsorbed phase in fine pores of coal matrix, the nano-pore structure directly influences

191 -14 isolated from the Rock Creek underground coal mine acid drainage site.

192 these miners was associated with exposure to coal mine dust containing high concentrations of respira

193 ng; China enacted a suite of regulations for coal mine methane (CMM) drainage and utilization that ca

194 pipeline leaks, and well pads, as well as a coal mine venting shaft.

195 sion to quantify mean source rates for three coal mine vents (San Juan, United States; Appin, Austral

196 ing from 2320 to 5850 kg h(-1) for the three coal mine vents, with 40-45% precision (1sigma), and gen

197 l plants) may be inaccurate 'canaries in the coal mine' for CC without pertinent demographic analyses

198 a new perspective for capturing methane from coal-mine methane to recover fuel and reduce greenhouse

199 , methane, which is directly vented from the coal-mine to the atmosphere, has not yet drawn sufficien

200 ational surveillance program offered to U.S. coal miners over an approximate 36-year period.

201 Mountaintop removal coal mining (MTM) is a form of surface mining where ridg

202 Surface coal mining and processing impose public health risks on

203 Individuals who leave coal mining areas carry more EA-increasing alleles on av

204 lleles clustering in lower SES areas such as coal mining areas.

205 aline mine drainage from mountaintop removal coal mining compared to unimpacted streams in the region

206 healthy survivors, who experienced the same coal mining flood disaster.

207 ountaintop mining is the most common form of coal mining in the Central Appalachian ecoregion.

208 s anthropogenic emissions is attributable to coal mining, but these emissions may be changing; China

209 e-2010 trends and is largely attributable to coal mining.

210 In this cohort, 63% of the women ever used coal (n = 46,287).

211 as production and shares of electricity from coal, natural gas, and renewables.

212 onversion is a promising route to converting coal, natural gas, or biomass into synthetic liquid fuel

213 verts syngas, generated from gasification of coal, natural gas, or biomass, into lipids that can be u

214 nt study six gas-releasing vent sites in the Coal Oil Point seep field (California) were investigated

215 rn Pennsylvania where brines are shallow and coal, oil, and gas all have been extracted extensively,

216 isplaces 62-77% of coal energy, leaving some coal online, (2) the health benefits of redispatch are l

217 cting the onset of acidic mine drainage from coal operations.

218 on source, such as carbon black, anthracitic coal or calcined coke, yields can range from 80 to 90 pe

219 ne material for indirect carbon capture from coal or natural gas power plants.

220 uyuan females who used smoky coal, smokeless coal, or wood and 10 local controls who used electricity

221 sequestration (CCS) retrofits of pulverized coal (PC) and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power pl

222 asonic waves had a negative correlation with coal permeability, and the freeze-thaw cycles significan

223 eating of inexpensive carbon sources-such as coal, petroleum coke, biochar, carbon black, discarded f

224 y the interaction between bird predation and coal pollution.

225 eration in California, and >30% reduction of coal power countrywide.

226 factors are applied to a global data set of coal power emissions.

227 impacts per kg of emission and per amount of coal power generation (5-1300 DALY TWh(-1)).

228 mission reductions of PM(2.5) and SO(2) from coal power lead to similar health benefits across densel

229 Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) in the global coal power market.

230 Owing to the mature size of coal power plants, the diffusion of FGD is driven by uni

231 s, engineered carbon particle factories, and coal power plants.

232 ountries are actively building and operating coal power plants.

233 a benefit disproportionately much from large coal power PM(2.5) and SO(2) emission reductions.

234 Life cycle impacts of domestic coal power vary widely (80% confidence interval (CI): 95

235 lower impact than electricity generated from coal power.

236 However, the GHG intensity of the Indian coal-power sector may be reduced by 13% by retiring plan

237 Yet, burning coal produces more global warming CO2 relative to all ot

238 widely accepted explanation for this peak in coal production is a temporal lag between the evolution

239 per, Primary Metals, Chemical, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Food subsectors have the largest inta

240 als, Transportation Equipment, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Plastics and Rubber subsectors are at

241 mo-desorption experiments with local Tl-rich coal pyrite.

242 rders of magnitude and is a function of both coal rank and installed air pollution control devices.

243 ost of the total impacts are attributable to coal rather than other fuels.

244 ncentrations, especially from the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania; unconventional Marcellus sh

245 ina has a high incidence of lung cancer from coal-related pollution.

246 nt lycopsid periderm in Middle Pennsylvanian coals represents taphonomic enrichment rather than a tru

247 the fracture permeability enhancement of the coal reservoir.

248 technologies show the highest increase, with coal rising between 26% and 62% depending on social cost

249 s increase significantly, with the LCOE from coal rising between 37% and 263% depending on the social

250 high moisture content, was restricted by the coal's moisture saturation limit.

251 strates for gas generation by the indigenous coal seam microorganisms.

252 er the ongoing Centralia, Pennsylvania (USA) coal-seam fire.

253 thane gas migration, potentially from nearby coal seams interacting with the aquifer.

254 t-derived carbohydrates (monosaccharides) to coal seams to be converted by indigenous microbes into n

255 removed with explosives to access underlying coal seams.

256 microbially generated, likely within shallow coal seams.

257 ng Xuanwei and Fuyuan females who used smoky coal, smokeless coal, or wood and 10 local controls who

258 -thaw cycling caused much more damage to the coal strength.

259 balls [2], which formed in the Carboniferous coal swamp forests over 300 million years ago [3-9].

260 ted with common PAH sources (fuel oil, soot, coal tar based skeet particles) and direct spike with a

261 We applied a coal tar sealcoat to conventional asphalt and collected

262 Coal tar sealcoats applied to asphalt surfaces in North

263 Coal tar-based sealcoat (CTSC) products are an urban sou

264 gen heterocycles (PANHs) were diagnostic for coal tar-derived PAC sources.

265 bining publicly available data for combusted coal TE concentrations with estimates of TE partitioning

266 data to specify alternative trajectories for coal technologies in an integrated assessment model.

267 However, the key components of coal that drive lung cancer risk have not been identifie

268 modify the mechanical properties of treated coals, the effects of freezing time, number of freeze-th

269 l temperature perturbation induced by use of coal to generate an equivalent amount of electricity.

270 GHG emission reductions when switching from coal to shale gas, we estimate the breakeven methane lea

271 The Chinese "coal-to-gas" and "coal-to-electricity" strategies aim at reducing disperse

272 We show that (1) the optimal coal-to-gas redispatch displaces 62-77% of coal energy,

273 jeopardized the air quality benefits of the coal-to-gas strategy in winter 2017 and reflects structu

274 al gas demand surges in China, driven by the coal-to-gas switching policy, widespread attention is fo

275 natural gas shortage in the south due to the coal-to-gas transition in the north.

276 The Chinese "coal-to-gas" and "coal-to-electricity" strategies aim at

277 The association between coal use and ischemic heart disease mortality diminished

278 Given the global ubiquity of coal use domestically for indoor cooking and heating and

279 efforts to develop renewable energy sources, coal use has not declined on a global scale.

280 A rapid transition away from unabated coal use is essential to fulfilling the Paris climate go

281 However, household coal use remains widespread.

282 uce emissions of air pollutants and CO2 from coal use, China is attempting to duplicate the rapid dev

283 tality increased with increasing duration of coal use, compared with the risk in never users.

284 Compared with never coal use, ever use of coal was associated with mortality

285 Increased refined coal use, which may be treated with bromide, contributes

286 hed with increasing years since cessation of coal use.

287 risk of mortality associated with household coal use.

288 ion of China was associated with the type of coal used for cooking and heating indoors and the presen

289 em and compares them with GHG emissions from coal used in the power, residential, and industrial sect

290 effects models, we found that burning smoky coal was associated with higher outdoor BaP concentratio

291 Compared with never coal use, ever use of coal was associated with mortality from all causes [haza

292 es, how freeze-thaw induced fractures in the coal was quantitatively analyzed.

293 eze-thaw cycles, and the moisture content of coal were studied using combined uniaxial compression an

294 t Asia, sulfate could be decreased by 25% if coal were to be replaced by natural gas in the power gen

295 ibuted HS-DAC with photovoltaics (instead of coal) while including recapture of all background GHG, r

296 er than the HTI of electricity produced from coal, with 90% confidence using a Monte Carlo Analysis.

297 ing amounts of time degraded the strength of coal within a certain limit.

298 osure was defined as use of polluting fuels (coal, wood, charcoal, agricultural wastes, animal dung,

299 e for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) is a s

300 Only four had classic lesions of simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis.