ライフサイエンスコーパス: colon cancer

1 gen positive (ER(+ve)) breast cancer and for colon cancer.

2 ified as prognostic predictors for stage III colon cancer.

3 ationale for targeting Rb phosphorylation in colon cancer.

4 the high levels of Wnt pathway activation in colon cancer.

5 a potential therapeutic target for managing colon cancer.

6 n axis are correlated with poor prognosis of colon cancer.

7 ifying orthotopic tumors in a mouse model of colon cancer.

8 ausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and colon cancer.

9 p53-loss induced chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer.

10 nograft models of mutant KRAS pancreatic and colon cancer.

11 ional platform toward a targeted therapy for colon cancer.

12 1 (PD-1) on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in colon cancer.

13 ve adjacent normal tissue from patients with colon cancer.

14 to 76% for breast cancer, and 11% to 80% for colon cancer.

15 impact from increasing TTS for patients with colon cancer.

16 infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colon cancer.

17 s inducers inhibited the growth of xenograft colon cancer.

18 end = 0.03), and were restricted to proximal colon cancer.

19 ith clinical trials now targeting breast and colon cancer.

20 tations and were more likely to give rise to colon cancer.

21 e signals to contribute to the prevention of colon cancer.

22 ers correlate with outcomes of patients with colon cancer.

23 tumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment in colon cancer.

24 nutraceutical potential in the fight against colon cancer.

25 implicated in the suppression of colitis and colon cancer.

26 mor-suppressing effects against experimental colon cancer.

27 hlights the therapeutic potential of Gal2 in colon cancer.

28 t increased risk of overall CRC and proximal colon cancer.

29 R2 and XVX as a chemopreventive tool against colon cancer.

30 sible as diagnosis biomarker for early-stage colon cancer.

31 l of a highly aggressive liver metastasis of colon cancer.

32 us knockout mice have reduced development of colon cancer.

33 SNTI and BMM in patients with stage I to III colon cancer.

34 -ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) of colon cancer.

35 for resistance to fluoropyrimidines in early colon cancer.

36 emale smokers are at increased risk of right colon cancer.

37 e the potential targets for the treatment of colon cancer.

38 ver injury following IRI in a mouse model of colon cancer.

39 al outcomes based on the presence of TILs in colon cancer.

40 ity in tumour-bearing mice and patients with colon cancer.

41 n to aid treatment planning during stage III colon cancer.

42 atic analyses of intronic miRNA:host loci in colon cancer.

43 activity in mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient colon cancer.

44 uvant CAPOX for most patients with stage III colon cancer.

45 ith IL-17 level and XIAP activation in human colon cancer.

46 rucial role in mediating inflammation-driven colon cancer.

47 K1 and MSK2 were found abnormal expressed in colon cancer.

48 rrelate with deregulated genes in breast and colon cancer.

49 mining the intratumor heterogeneity found in colon cancers.

50 with pooled gastrointestinal and right-side colon cancers.

51 HCGV, TCTE5, TCTEX5, or CFAP255) in 82 human colon cancers.

52 origenesis via the Wnt-Ras-p53 axis in human colon cancers.

53 and pancreas), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.63) for colon cancer, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.97) for bladder canc

54 signaling target of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) in colorectal cancer (CRC).

55 ases for females (1.45; 1.08-1.96), proximal colon cancer (1.54; 1.09-2.16), and N0 (1.46; 1.00-2.12)

56 was higher in stage III compared to stage II colon cancers (11.1% versus 5.6% CD31-positive tissue ar

57 was widest for patients older than 75 years (colon cancer 19 078 [59.7%] of 31 946 patients in Englan

58 rectal cancer 75.5%, 74.2-76.7; and stage IV colon cancer 20.5%, 19.9-21.1) than in Norway (94.1%, 91

59 rectal cancer 91.2%, 88.8-93.1; and stage IV colon cancer 23.5%, 21.9-25.1).

60 trials, we included patients with stage III colon cancer aged at least 18 years with an Eastern Coop

61 For colon cancer, anastomotic leakage was not associated wit

62 rectal cancer cases: 690 cases with proximal colon cancer and 690 cases with distal colorectal cancer

63 lecular imaging of PD-L1 in a mouse model of colon cancer and achieved tumor-to-normal tissue signal

64 t male smokers are at increased risk of left colon cancer and female smokers are at increased risk of

65 prognostic value of MVD in stage II and III colon cancer and its relation to tumour-stroma-percentag

66 Survival from colon cancer and rectal cancer in England and colon canc

67 Furthermore, using PDX models of colon cancer and resected tumors from colon cancer patie

68 following the natural history of orthotopic colon cancer and therapeutic efficacy.

69 l patients were diagnosed with nonmetastatic colon cancer and underwent surgery as initial treatment.

70 was reported in the secukinumab group due to colon cancer and was assessed as not related to the stud

71 d for the survival of primary and metastatic colon cancers and that oncogenic K-RAS activates TGF-bet

72 land to 9582 (81.3%) of 11 786 in Sweden for colon cancer, and from 16 544 (59.9%) of 27 599 in Engla

73 umber is associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer, and in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infect

74 important role in some malignancies such as colon cancer, and in rodent models of intestinal neoplas

75 ancer cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer, SW480 colon cancer, and PC3 prostate cancer), and one kind of

76 ng nonusers of NSAIDs, risks of overall CRC, colon cancer, and proximal colon cancer were higher in t

77 se elements in breast, cervix, prostate, and colon cancers, and combining them into stage groups (I-I

78 significantly increased in BRAF(V600E) human colon cancers, and patients whose tumors had high vs. lo

79 results show that perceived risk to develop colon cancer (AOR = 1.99, p < 0.05) and physician recomm

80 Prostate and colon cancers are among the most common cancers diagnose

81 egulatory function of DDB2 is significant in colon cancer, as it regulates metastasis.

82 lantation because of the additional risk for colon cancer associated with immunosuppression.

83 ormal adjacent tissues produced a catalog of colon cancer-associated proteins and phosphosites, inclu

84 The pro-oncogenic long noncoding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) was one of

85 OM/DSS mice, a model of IBD and inflammatory colon cancer, augmented DSS-induced weight loss and incr

86 T2-based MRI imaging ranked best overall for colon cancer border delineation, contrast, and conspicui

87 increases in relative survival with proximal colon cancer but larger increases in survival with recta

88 condition associated with increased risk for colon cancer, but its role in the development of colorec

89 of RSK1 and MSK2, can suppress the growth of colon cancer by attenuating RSK1 and MSK2 signaling.

90 ronic inflammation drives colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) in patients with inflammatory bowel d

91 or the pathophysiology of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) was unknown and therefore examined in

92 erates the development of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC).

93 multidisciplinary improvement in quality of colon cancer care.

94 Around 20% colon cancer cases are closely linked with colitis.

95 Overall rate of CRM+ in U.S. colon cancer cases is high.

96 Colon cancer cases with resection 2010-2015 were identif

97 However, the side of origin of colon cancer (CC) still does not represent a prognostic

98 roven valuable in several tumors, but not in colon cancer (CC).

99 that 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) inhibits colon cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and migration in v

100 Moreover, C3G promoted colon cancer cell attachment to fibronectin.

101 ctangular geometries of bio-printed 3D human colon cancer cell constructs.

102 sal cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration of HCT116 colon cancer cell line and modified the cytosolic Ca(2+)

103 d exhibits antiproliferative efficacy in the colon cancer cell line COLO 320DM in vitro.

104 We performed Protect-seq on the human colon cancer cell line HCT-116 and observed overlap with

105 consisting of four defined derivatives of a colon cancer cell line that resulted from consecutive ep

106 A colon cancer cell line with RNF43-G659Vfs*41 and BRAF-V6

107 3K and MAPK pathways in isogenic models of a colon cancer cell line, it generates plausible network h

108 A human colon cancer cell line, RNA silencing, and pharmacologic

109 spots are not evident in a poorly migrating colon cancer cell line, SW620, which lacks comparable me

110 way was affected in an oxaliplatin resistant colon cancer cell line.

111 y in the submicromolar range against a human colon cancer cell line.

112 yed strong anticancer activity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line.

113 tion of TASIN analogues and activity against colon cancer cell lines and an isogenic cell line pair r

114 In vivo, SHH interference in colon cancer cell lines decreased primary tumor growth a

115 ars to be representative of a broad panel of colon cancer cell lines harboring mutant KRAS.

116 as well as several Ras mutations in lung and colon cancer cell lines on fast 10 min gradient separati

117 or knockdown in 10 upper gastrointestinal or colon cancer cell lines with KRAS mutations or amplifica

118 man colon cancer specimens, human and murine colon cancer cell lines, and FXR transgenic mice, here w

119 ng exon alpha (105-nucleotide) in normal and colon cancer cell lines.

120 116, SW480, and HT-29) and one mouse (CT26) colon cancer cell lines.

121 he 5' MMP7 promoter, an event that inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

122 Since COX-2 and PGE(2) signaling can impact colon cancer cell proliferation and survival, we examine

123 While C3G had no significant effect on colon cancer cell proliferation, it significantly inhibi

124 was also observed in acquired 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (HCT116 5-FU Res).

125 proved antiproliferative selectivity against colon cancer cells (HCT116 p53(+/+) ) with respect to th

126 city and antiproliferative activity on human colon cancer cells (HT29).

127 iated mutations, we report that human HCT116 colon cancer cells also survive when ORC5 protein expres

128 he lamellipodial leading edges of HT29 human colon cancer cells and are colocalized with aquaporin-1

129 ell proliferation in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells and established CRC cell lines.

130 (PKG2) to activate forkhead box O (FoxO) in colon cancer cells and in the colon epithelium of mice.

131 nhibitor JQ1 synergized with sulforaphane in colon cancer cells and suppressed tumor development effe

132 SLC7A5, SLC1A5, and AFMID were elevated in colon cancer cells and tissues, and kynurenine was signi

133 way caused preferential death of established colon cancer cells and transformed colonic organoids.

134 The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptors in colon cancer cells are successfully targeted and imaged

135 antibiotic use can promote tumorigenesis by colon cancer cells at the anastomosis after colorectal s

136 ax as well as cleaved caspase-3 and -PARP in colon cancer cells by downregulating RSK1 and MSK2 downs

137 Deletion of TET2 in p53-null colon cancer cells enhanced DNA damage and restored chem

138 We show here that p53-deficient colon cancer cells exposed to tumor-like metabolic stres

139 Furthermore, GNL1 protects colon cancer cells from chemo-drug-induced apoptosis.

140 nst various human cancer cells, killing SW48 colon cancer cells in particular with a submicromolar ha

141 4% enhancement in co-localization with SW-48 colon cancer cells in vitro, while influencing nanogel u

142 ium butyrate-induced differentiation of HT29 colon cancer cells is associated with a reduced CD133 ex

143 acing glutamate with glutamine renders human colon cancer cells largely resistant to ceramide-induced

144 xpression and knock-down studies of FOXM1 in colon cancer cells suggest the importance of FOXM1 in TY

145 e probe Sabrina Heng Lithium (SHL) in living colon cancer cells to noninvasively monitor cation chann

146 CCAR2) as an early target for acetylation in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane.

147 with normal human colonic epithelial cells, colon cancer cells were more sensitive to the depletion

148 ho and RalA/B signaling in mut-KRAS lung and colon cancer cells with little effect on wild-type (wt)-

149 d the induction of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, as well as their tumorigenicity in v

150 hanced cancer cell killing in cultured human colon cancer cells, but also improved antitumor activity

151 f APA profiles characteristic for metastatic colon cancer cells, by regulating poly(A) site selection

152 deletion inhibits the growth of murine MC38 colon cancer cells, especially under detachment conditio

153 domain supports UHRF1 oncogenic activity in colon cancer cells, highlighting that UHRF1 SRA antagoni

154 Preliminary data also show that HCT-116 colon cancer cells, in which hMATE1 is epigenetically re

155 satellite instable and microsatellite stable colon cancer cells.

156 ely after intrasplenic injection of 50K MC38 colon cancer cells.

157 e with CH223191 reduced the proliferation of colon cancer cells.

158 cally regulates NUR77 to induce apoptosis of colon cancer cells.

159 n human primary hepatocytes and LS174T human colon cancer cells.

160 c RARbeta and NUR77, leading to apoptosis of colon cancer cells.

161 dhesion in normal adult crypt stem cells and colon cancer cells.

162 % of active MYC alleles at any given time in colon cancer cells.

163 on of talin1 inhibited 3D spheroid growth in colon cancer cells.

164 signal and redox state in human cervical and colon cancer cells.

165 inhibit proliferation and viability in human colon cancer cells.

166 and p120-catenin isoform switching in SW480 colon cancer cells: fl-APC increased the expression of g

167 f exosomes is affected by differentiation of colon cancer cells; exosomes might be used by differenti

168 l murine liver with a concomitant metastatic colon cancer challenge.

169 eogenomic study on a prospectively collected colon cancer cohort.

170 ore annual deaths than breast, prostate, and colon cancer combined.

171 Using three independent primary spheroidal colon cancer cultures that expressed a Wnt reporter cons

172 re we find that cohesin depletion in a human colon cancer derived cell line results in endomitosis an

173 s an alternative to animal studies or use of colon cancer-derived cell lines.

174 tem and epithelial cell plasticity underlies colon cancer development.

175 mation is believed to have a crucial role in colon cancer development.

176 ing in a discovery dataset (95 patients with colon cancer diagnosed at stage II and microsatellite st

177 fusion and sepsis were associated with worse colon cancer disease-specific survival [(+)transfusion:

178 rly aged people living in England, including colon cancer, diverticulitis, appendicitis, hernias, var

179 aluate the role of G6PD in lung, breast, and colon cancer driven by oncogenic K-Ras.

180 Colon cancers frequently bear inactivating mutations of

181 for pancreas, esophageal, lung, rectal, and colon cancer from 2014 to 2016 were identified.

182 sifier to predict the prognosis of stage III colon cancer from routinely haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

183 , Massively Parallel Sequencing for Familial Colon Cancer Genes, Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) Su

184 our study suggests that C-B and C-I inhibit colon cancer growth by inhibiting Notch signaling pathwa

185 Patients with colon cancer had significant lower serum enterolactone g

186 cancer (PANC-1) with an IC(50) of 25 nM and colon cancer (HCT-116) with an IC(50) of 1 muM, and repr

187 cer (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.44, 0.77, P < 0.001), colon cancer (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.97, P = 0.04), end

188 tested in high-AQP1-expressing cancer lines, colon cancer (HT29) and AQP1-expressing breast cancer (M

189 omparatively evaluate CNNs on 170 breast and colon cancer images with pathologist-annotated nuclei, f

190 mption was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in age-adjusted analyses (P for trend < 0.0

191 olon cancer and rectal cancer in England and colon cancer in Denmark was lower than in Norway and Swe

192 mechanisms contributing to the promotion of colon cancer in obese individuals.

193 of the Strategies and Opportunities to Stop Colon Cancer in Priority Populations (Stop CRC) study, a

194 % of patients with lung, breast, uterus, and colon cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have an e

195 den in longitudinal monitoring of orthotopic colon cancer in this model as well as in other models.

196 led the presence of two separate synchronous colon cancers in the cecum and transverse colon; she had

197 0.70-0.99; P trend = 0.04) for the proximal colon cancer incidence.

198 tor which allows stratification of stage III colon cancer into high- and low-risk recurrence groups,

199 nic inflammation leads to the development of colon cancer is lacking.

200 e need for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer is still debated.

201 Colon cancer is the most aggressive tumor in both men an

202 A major challenge for the reduction of colon cancer is to detect patients carrying high-risk pr

203 protects from distant metastases in primary colon cancer is unknown.

204 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colon cancer lines, which were attenuated by knockdown o

205 er cytotoxic T cell accumulation and reduces colon cancer LM.

206 cy resection (ER) for left-sided obstructive colon cancer (LSOCC) using propensity-score matching.

207 liver-metastasis resection for treatment of colon cancer may increase the risk of further metastasis

208 Hepatic thermal ablation promotes colon cancer metastasis at the injury site.

209 the metastatic burden in an in vivo model of colon cancer metastasis to the liver.

210 ncept that a PDOX model of highly aggressive colon-cancer metastasis can identify effective drug comb

211 By studying colon cancer models, we found that bacteria can metaboli

212 NAs in hepatocellular carcinoma and predicts colon cancer molecular subtypes and microsatellite insta

213 es were not associated with risk of proximal colon cancer (multivariable relative risk 0.86; 95% CI 0

214 stering coefficient was 0.50 in the proximal colon cancer network and 0.30 in the distal colorectal c

215 We found that the proximal colon cancer network formed a denser network (total numb

216 greater clustering tendency of the proximal colon cancer network.

217 For colon cancer, no significant effect was observed; howeve

218 K2 gene fusions were found in breast cancer, colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal ade

219 ant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer; non-inferiority was not shown.

220 rvival of patients with stage II obstructing colon cancer (OCC) who had adjuvant chemotherapy with th

221 , functional gastrointestinal disorders, and colon cancer occur.

222 e PC secretory pathway was observed in human colon cancers, only furin showed highly diffuse expressi

223 with 2 or more episodes had similar risk of colon cancer (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.20-3.39) or tubular aden

224 se as near-IR fluorescent imaging agents for colon cancers overexpressing EGFR.

225 somal miRNA was isolated from 50 early-stage colon cancer patients and 50 matched healthy volunteers.

226 atively correlated with the survival rate of colon cancer patients and that depletion of talin1 inhib

227 r patients, and with better DFS in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy

228 factor associated with poor DFS in stage II colon cancer patients, and with better DFS in stage III

229 els of colon cancer and resected tumors from colon cancer patients, our data demonstrated that HT-DBP

230 In an additional two metastatic colon cancer patients, we detected CD8(+) neoantigen-spe

231 ponse was correlated with poorer survival of colon cancer patients.

232 ses and was associated with poor survival of colon cancer patients.

233 ereditary mixed polyposis syndrome is a rare colon cancer predisposition syndrome caused by a duplica

234 w toxicity, it could be potentially used for colon cancer prevention or therapy.

235 one in identifying subclones using stage III colon cancer primary tumor samples as well as simulated

236 ehensively characterized a cellular model of colon cancer progression consisting of four defined deri

237 Both isoforms are suppressed during colon cancer progression, and their reduced expression c

238 naling molecule consistently associated with colon cancer progression.

239 esenting a non-cell autonomous mechanism for colon cancer progression.

240 they may in part explain how obesity drives colon cancer progression.

241 associated with neoplastic diseases such as colon cancer, prostate cancer and neuroblastoma.

242 ents, and AC within 4 months of diagnosis as colon cancer quality indicators.

243 they have a higher incidence of right-sided colon cancer (RCC).

244 Tumor entities comprised esophageal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer and pancreatic cancer.

245 Colon cancer recurrence after therapy, such as 5-fluorou

246 orter survival, independent of sepsis, after colon cancer resection.

247 ecule adiponectin receptor agonist, suppress colon cancer risk in part by reducing the number of Lgr5

248 the adiponectin signaling pathway attenuates colon cancer risk remains to be addressed.

249 ly associated with overall CRC, but proximal colon cancer risk was higher in the proinflammatory-chan

250 comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 110 colon cancer samples to identify a variety of potential

251 comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 110 colon cancer samples to identify a variety of potential

252 ion within the newly-established recommended colon cancer screening interval warrants concern.

253 Thus, the patients with colon cancer show high levels of PLD2 and SASP factor ge

254 Here we examined a colon cancer-specific VTE model and probed a set of meta

255 We constructed a tissue microarray of 999 colon cancer specimens from patients who underwent surgi

256 tary experimental approaches and using human colon cancer specimens, human and murine colon cancer ce

257 cNAc-mediated epigenetic regulation of human colon cancer stem cells (CCSC).

258 riments from the paper 'Wnt activity defines colon cancer stem cells and is regulated by the microenv

259 extent to which CRM involvement exists after colon cancer surgery is unknown.

260 Although a Lap approach to colon cancer surgery may offer similar oncological outco

261 enous n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory cytokines in colon cancer surgery.

262 duce sepsis rates and improve survival after colon cancer surgery.

263 3-year colon cancer survival was lower in England (63.9%, 95% C

264 Controversy surrounds the impact of TTS on colon cancer survival.

265 Importantly, the knockdown of GAPDH in colon cancer SW480 cells and xenograft models effectivel

266 Nanogels modified with a colon cancer-targeting oligopeptide exhibited up to a 32

267 lied to the dynamic (18)F-FDG measurement of colon cancer, the proposed algorithm accurately identifi

268 breast cancer, and the BRCA2-deficient DLD-1 colon cancer; the prodrug did not inhibit an isogenic DL

269 of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in primary colon cancer, their role in mCRC and treatment resistanc

270 RSK1 and MSK2 were overexpressed in colon cancer tissues confirmed by western blot and IHC.

271 Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colon cancer tissues were collected from 53 stage II and

272 he application of risk prediction models for colon cancer to CRC.

273 help guide novel therapeutic strategies for colon cancer treatment.

274 plasmic APA profiles of successive stages of colon cancer using a cell line-based model.

275 revious work, we demonstrated that a somatic colon cancer variant of pol beta, K289M, misincorporates

276 es beta-catenin signaling and cell growth in colon cancer via binding RXRalpha, which provide new str

277 se of tumor burden in an orthotopic model of colon cancer via luciferase-positive CT26 cells.

278 Right-side colon cancer was also associated with gallstone disease

279 al after stage II rectal cancer and stage IV colon cancer was also lower in England than in Denmark (

280 r stage II or III rectal cancer and stage IV colon cancer was consistently lower in England (stage II

281 Colitis-associated colon cancer was induced in mice with conditional deleti

282 ant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer was not confirmed in terms of overall survi

283 s of overall CRC, colon cancer, and proximal colon cancer were higher in the highest quintile compare

284 A total of 122 patients with stage I to III colon cancer were included.

285 Though incidental finding rates unrelated to colon cancer were similar for all groups, our positive r

286 MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced T(H)1

287 sed proliferation and decreased apoptosis in colon cancer, which explains why this classical tumor su

288 patients with completely resected stage III colon cancer who are being offered adjuvant chemotherapy

289 ancer Registry to identify all patients with colon cancer who underwent resection between January 1,

290 The majority of patients with colon cancer will develop advanced disease, with the liv

291 oma and a patient-derived xenograft model of colon cancer with a favorable safety profile.

292 s associated with a reduced risk of proximal colon cancer with a long latency period.

293 elated with better survival in patients with colon cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy.

294 ductive surgery for peritoneal metastasis of colon cancer with an aqueous solution of CCAT1 FIT-PNA r

295 vity to IL-2 in mouse models of melanoma and colon cancer, with reduced toxicity and undetectable imm

296 tumor efficacy on mouse models of breast and colon cancers, with cure rates of 40% and 60%, respectiv

297 in patients undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer without mechanical bowel preparation (n = 1

298 efficacy and bioavailability in ovarian and colon cancer xenograft models when evaluated for dose-ra

299 C(5)]-glutamine in mice bearing subcutaneous colon cancer xenografts, we showed substantial amounts o

300 mor-associated macrophages and the growth of colon cancer xenografts.