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1 ment of unprofitability (conspicuous warning coloration).
2 ry coordination of structural and pigmentary coloration.
3 aden barb cortex, producing the yellow crown coloration.
4 appears to have rendered a duller structural coloration.
5 tures have been optimized to produce intense coloration.
6 ryonic iridophore development and adult body coloration.
7 tallinity, independent of the grain pericarp coloration.
8 anthins are found to be responsible for this coloration.
9  required for determination of all chromatic coloration.
10 ed factor canaries that are required for red coloration.
11  now identified the gene responsible for red coloration.
12 ata) to investigate the genetic basis of red coloration.
13 S. magnolia) with extensive carotenoid-based coloration.
14 ce, antioxidant levels, and carotenoid-based coloration.
15 pecies tend to employ the same mechanism for coloration.
16 vantage over homogeneous background-matching coloration.
17 static interaural decorrelation, or spectral coloration.
18 dative balance maintenance at the expense of coloration.
19 se, antioxidant levels, and carotenoid-based coloration.
20  degradation in L. japonica's dynamic flower coloration.
21 es, leading to camouflage through disruptive coloration.
22 bout the ecological causes for age-dependent coloration.
23 sed carotenoid deposition driving changes in coloration.
24 g vitiligo, melanoma, and eye, skin and hair coloration.
25 rceptibly healthier and more attractive skin-coloration.
26 ives in various foods for the purpose of red coloration.
27 ustaceans and fish that contributes to their coloration.
28 ment sexual dimorphism in vertebrate warning coloration.
29  suggesting a mechanism for the evolution of coloration.
30 tial evolution and persistence of aposematic coloration.
31 ing the evolution and persistence of warning coloration.
32 or producing their brilliant iridescent body coloration.
33 s to reveal a hidden reaction norm of larval coloration.
34 cumulation of anthocyanins and thus a scarce coloration.
35 e to their inaccessible habitats and cryptic coloration.
36 romote and constrain the evolution of sexual coloration.
37  great apes show diverse patterns of scleral coloration.
38 sion of melanin-based vs. structural plumage coloration.
39 lated CORT levels were associated with badge coloration.
40 nity to investigate mechanisms of carotenoid coloration.
41 athered dinosaurs have been of melanin-based coloration [1-6].
42  and taxonomically widespread form of animal coloration [1], but that its intense and varying hues co
43 lity to predators via conspicuous aposematic coloration [1].
44 n of fossil melanin allows reconstruction of coloration [10-15].
45 ernity before and after manipulating plumage coloration, a known signal of quality, in male barn swal
46  resulted from intersexual differences in UV coloration alone, emphasizing the need for analysis of b
47 , and displays one of the most variable coat colorations amongst mammals.
48                            We combined novel coloration analyses, coding sequence comparisons and mRN
49  technology to enhance studies of biological coloration and (ii) provide supporting evidence that cut
50 arameters showed positive relationships with coloration and antioxidant levels, suggesting that males
51 direct costs of predation, including cryptic coloration and behavior, chemical defenses, mimicry, and
52                                          The coloration and bleaching process in the ECD component sh
53 ting morphological variation in beak length, coloration and body size across their wide geographic di
54                                   Fruit peel coloration and carotenes content increased at 12 degrees
55 r directional sexual selection on aposematic coloration and document sexual dimorphism in vertebrate
56 of 900 degrees to 950 degrees C, followed by coloration and ingot production at 1000 degrees to 1100
57 ses underlying both the production of animal coloration and its perception, experiments are advancing
58                           We compare scleral coloration and its relative contrast with the iris in bo
59  a fascinating supergene that determines the coloration and mating behavior of a widespread North Ame
60 ls represents a new mechanism for structural coloration and may serve as an honest signal of nutritio
61 identify genomic regions involved in plumage coloration and migratory orientation.
62  contrasting associations between carotenoid coloration and parasite intensities relates to the speci
63 urtoni males possess large testes and bright coloration and perform aggressive and reproductive behav
64 n of a soft robot, providing it with dynamic coloration and sensory feedback from external and intern
65 he plasmon linewidth, enabling monochromatic coloration and significantly enhancing the far-field sca
66  between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species' geographical distributions will
67                                  Fruit flesh coloration and sugar accumulation might have co-evolved
68 tty acids, thereby permitting longer-lasting coloration and suggesting bright color traits may have a
69 ver, we found no correlation between cryptic coloration and symmetrical wing surface loss across spec
70 , demonstrate remarkable adaptability to the coloration and texture of their surroundings by modulati
71 es to investigate the origin of this unusual coloration and to understand their structural and chemic
72 emical defense to predators with conspicuous coloration and unpalatability, but little is known about
73 esults elucidate the interplay between avian coloration and vision and indicate tuning of the mating
74  It also introduces capabilities for dynamic colorations and multipoint capacitive touch sensing.
75  5] (where species share the same aposematic coloration), and consequently this cognitive process und
76 roperties such as UV absorbance, morphology, coloration, and electrochemical properties over a consid
77 luding photo- and radiation protection, rich coloration, and electronic functions.
78 t (UV) light protection, structural support, coloration, and free radical scavenging.
79 he molecular mechanisms underlying red fruit coloration, and highlights the utility of this high-qual
80 strate a simple genetic basis for structural coloration, and show that optix plays a deeply conserved
81  of which background matching and disruptive coloration are likely the most common.
82 onal transitions between mimetic and cryptic coloration are unexpectedly frequent over both long- and
83               The postactivation kinetics of coloration are used to demonstrate a new concept in mech
84  is the first to point to structural plumage coloration as a factor that may significantly regulate f
85 ely biochemical component of this reflective coloration as reflectin proteins distributed in sheath c
86 rlying strong selection signatures including coloration (ASIP, KITLG, HTT, GNA11, and OSTM1), body si
87 nal wetting properties as well as structural coloration based on the gratings.
88         Sexual dichromatism, a difference in coloration between males and females, may be due to sexu
89 sults suggest that differences in ornamental coloration between sexes can evolve through simple molec
90 aphthopyran leads to the formation of a pink coloration bleaching in a few milliseconds, in the absen
91 eductions in predation risk by mimicking the coloration, body shape, and/or movement of toxic counter
92    Ladybirds exhibit impressive variation in coloration both among and within species.
93            We evaluated sexual selection for coloration brightness in populations of the poison frog
94             Maternal effects influence chick coloration, but coot females do not use this mechanism t
95  liquid crystalline phase showing structural coloration by Bragg reflection.
96   We investigate the mechanism of structural coloration by quasi-ordered nanostructures in bird feath
97 a analysis enables deconvolution of specific colorations by the unmixing method applied to the logari
98 e color change provides an alternative where coloration can be altered to match local conditions, but
99                                   The bright coloration can be observed with p-polarized white light
100  has been made in explaining how conspicuous coloration can be used in functions as diverse as sexual
101 lance, plasma biochemistry, carotenoid-based coloration, cellular immune response, steroid hormone le
102 lopods in nature undergo highly dynamic skin coloration changes that allow rapid camouflage and intra
103 f pasta without compromising the cooking and coloration characteristics.
104 ments exhibit vivid, controllable structural coloration combined with highly asymmetric broadband cir
105 ds, and butterflies have evolved ultra-black coloration comparable to the blackest synthetic material
106 rtaric acid exhibited increased yellow/brown coloration compared to the dark controls mainly due to r
107 ll relevant parameters: the switching speed, coloration contrast, and composite coloration efficiency
108                        This carotenoid-based coloration contributes beneficially to the appearance of
109 ue, where it was established that asphaltene coloration correlated linearly with asphaltene weight co
110 nta is associated with the absence of bright coloration, courtship behaviour and exaggerated ornament
111         The fortification also caused yellow coloration, decrease in hardness, and increase in the ad
112 etween the SERS signal amplification and the coloration degree within a certain range, in which the S
113 iate length-scale modelization to assess how coloration depends on film thickness, pigment concentrat
114                Genetic mechanisms underlying coloration differences have been explored, but identifie
115 te factors that have driven the evolution of coloration differences in mammals, which include backgro
116 describing simple genetic bases for adaptive coloration differences, this study emphasizes that pigme
117 g responsible for the yellow, orange and red colorations displayed by tepals and stigma.
118 predatory fish, we show this conspicuous eye coloration diverts attacks away from the guppies' center
119 in their environment or whether overall body coloration does provide camouflage from predators.
120 ich typically present poor and/or incomplete coloration during warm years.
121                                         This coloration effect is directly related to the oxidation o
122                                          The coloration efficiencies of our assemblies are higher tha
123 OFF ratios, electrochemical stabilities, and coloration efficiencies.
124 ng speed, coloration contrast, and composite coloration efficiency.
125  interplay between pigmentary and structural coloration elements tightly co-located within the same d
126        We report the discovery of structural coloration emanating in precise register with expanded p
127  to drought across genotypes, including leaf coloration, expansion and abscission, were observed, and
128 acteria, producing a lighter agar background coloration facilitating visualization of colored colonie
129 iochemical alterations are involved in fruit coloration, flavor, texture, aroma, and palatability to
130 unctional, with hydrodynamic drag (in fish), coloration for camouflage or intraspecies recognition, t
131 eagent DET gels, leading to magenta and blue coloration for iron and phosphate, respectively.
132  analyses showed that the transition of wing coloration from an environmentally determined trait to a
133 a' and 'Hercules' were profiled against skin coloration from mature-green (S1) to over-mature (S5).
134                  TTP-2D picks up visible red coloration from the expression media, unless it is expre
135         Given the thermal properties of dark coloration generally, temperature should crucially influ
136 imorphic fish with SA polymorphisms for male coloration genes, mostly on the sex chromosomes.
137 tanding the adaptive function of conspicuous coloration has been a major focus of evolutionary biolog
138  and mtDNA phylogeny, suggesting that pelage coloration has evolved rapidly.
139                                   Animal egg coloration has long provided a valuable testing ground f
140                             It is clear that coloration has much to teach us about the molecular basi
141              Modification of skin complexion coloration has traditionally been accomplished by interr
142 ical scenarios of evolution of avian plumage coloration have been called into question with the disco
143 in animals, yet the determinants of variable coloration have been relatively neglected by ecologists.
144 on sexual traits such as plumage and display coloration have most commonly been studied in isolation
145                    We find that greater wing coloration heats males - the magnitude of which improves
146 tored at 9 degrees C reached a darker purple coloration, higher anthocyanin contents and enhanced upr
147 pia' (103.2mg/l) but peaked before full skin coloration in 'Hercules' (49.7mg/l); whereas phenolic co
148 esent evidence of polymorphism in chick skin coloration in a cuckoo-host system: the fan-tailed geryg
149 this hypothesis using sexually selected wing coloration in a dragonfly.
150  such as octopus and squid, can change their coloration in an instant, and even produce moving patter
151  explanation for some apparently conspicuous coloration in animals, and is standard textbook material
152    We investigated the genetic basis for red coloration in birds using whole-genome sequencing of red
153 diator of the expression of carotenoid-based coloration in birds, and suggest a potential link betwee
154 ng CYP2J19 as the ketolase that mediates red coloration in birds.
155 umn, it increased retinol levels but reduced coloration in both genders.
156 ld and resulted in fruit with intense purple coloration in both peel and flesh.
157 a decrease in luminosity and a loss of green coloration in both varieties, while a yellow-brownish co
158 ts to identify the gene(s) involved in petal coloration in Clarkia gracilis ssp. sonomensis.
159 tion in the fossil record, and of structural coloration in fossil integument.
160                         Evidence of original coloration in fossils provides insights into the visual
161 ngitudinal study of carotenoid-based plumage coloration in great tits (Parus major) to show age depen
162 autofluorescence under UV microscopy and red coloration in interfascicular fibers.
163 olecular mechanism underlying dynamic flower coloration in L. japonica was elucidated by integrating
164 plain polymorphic (white and yellow) warning coloration in male wood tiger moths (Parasemia plantagin
165 e decreased antioxidant levels and increased coloration in males, whereas in autumn, it increased ret
166 pecies to demonstrate that shifts to mimetic coloration in nonvenomous snakes are highly correlated w
167  [16, 17], and dermal pigment cells generate coloration in numerous reptile, amphibian, and fish taxa
168 bolites related to pepper fruit maturity and coloration in pepper crops.
169                               Patterned leaf coloration in plants generates remarkable diversity in n
170 xample of multilayer-based strong iridescent coloration in plants, in the fruit of Pollia condensata.
171 estration in the evolution of bright warning coloration in poison frogs and toads.
172 e, emphasizing the need for analysis of bird coloration in relation to the full extent of avian visua
173 rin biosynthesis has been coopted for bright coloration in reptiles and indicating that these loci ex
174 pler nanostructures that achieve ultra-black coloration in scales thinner than synthetic alternatives
175 ecular mechanism that regulates this complex coloration in the adult is known.
176 cattering structure is present, only produce coloration in the blue wavelength region of the visible
177 eport the first examples of carotenoid-based coloration in the fossil record, and of structural color
178 investigated the evolution of larval warning coloration in the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionid
179 ite Sands forms have rapidly evolved cryptic coloration in the last few thousand years, presumably to
180  have been presumed to be the sole source of coloration in these complex organs.
181 e antipredator strategy based on conspicuous coloration in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata).
182 orticoid, on a secondary sexual trait (badge coloration) in male eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus un
183 nd pattern matching (crypsis) and disruptive coloration: in the former, the animal's colours are a ra
184 ed by color variation within families: Chick coloration increases with position in the egg-laying ord
185                                          The coloration intensities of these nanoscale films can be t
186 undant in nature (for example, in structural coloration), interestingly, they also exist in Blu-ray m
187                      Yellow, orange, and red coloration is a fundamental aspect of avian diversity an
188                                       Animal coloration is a powerful model for studying the genetic
189                                          Red coloration is a sexually selected, testosterone-dependen
190                                              Coloration is an easily quantifiable visual trait that h
191  the predictions, indicating that disruptive coloration is an effective means of camouflage, above an
192                                   Aposematic coloration is commonly considered to signal unpalatabili
193 ists reveal that this sexually selected wing coloration is dramatically reduced in the hottest portio
194 rus major) to show age dependence of plumage coloration is driven almost exclusively by within-indivi
195                             Although plumage coloration is often linked to sexual selection, it may i
196                                         This coloration is often produced through the deposition of d
197                                              Coloration is one of the most conspicuous traits that va
198      Age-dependent expression of conspicuous coloration is prevalent, particularly in birds.
199 enomic approaches to evolutionary studies of coloration is providing new insight into the genetic arc
200                                         This coloration is thought to be important for immune defense
201            Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal that acts to minimize con
202 ional morphological characteristics, such as coloration, length, and number of aboral papillae, which
203 between pigment-based vs. structural plumage coloration may affect the feather microbiota remains una
204 ts raise the intriguing possibility that red coloration may be an honest signal of detoxification abi
205 anotube suspensions, highlighting the unique coloration mechanism of these one-dimensional metals.
206                                          The coloration mechanism, potentially achievable colors, and
207                            Regardless of the coloration mechanism, the nano-bioreplicated decoys evok
208 f SWCNT films and unambiguously identify the coloration mechanism.
209                                              Coloration mediates the relationship between an organism
210  including growth and condition factor, body coloration, morphology, and osmoregulatory enzymes durin
211                                         Such coloration most likely functioned in substrate matching
212 le attention.(5) Here, we show that the leaf coloration of a herb used in traditional Chinese medicin
213 xperimental observation of the unusual amber coloration of aluminum doped sol-gel glass that has not
214 number of traits (size, plumage melanism and coloration of bare parts).
215                               The structural coloration of both the occipital and breast feathers of
216 of TSB in these mice leads to diffuse yellow coloration of brain tissue and a marked cerebellar hypop
217 vertise moth toxicity, similar to the bright coloration of butterflies; do they startle the bat, givi
218  in C(30) apocarotenoids responsible for red coloration of citrus peel.
219 oderma applanatum demonstrated the strongest coloration of confrontation zones.
220 ironments, disruptive selection to match the coloration of disparate habitat patches could also produ
221                                   Pale-green coloration of DXO1-deficient plants and our RNA-seq data
222 w means by which to reconstruct the original coloration of exceptionally preserved fossil vertebrates
223 LK2 expression influences the typical uneven coloration of green and ripe wild-type fruit.
224  males do not show the size, morphology, and coloration of mature males.
225                                          Red coloration of muscle tissue (flesh) is a unique trait in
226                                          The coloration of some butterflies, Pachyrhynchus weevils, a
227 ng which the frequencies of hindwing warning coloration of the aposematic moth, Arctia plantaginis, d
228                                          The coloration of the circles corresponded to the visual cap
229                                     The dark coloration of the clots was due to melanin deposition.
230 ersion efficiency tests showed that the dark coloration of the doped single crystals did not result i
231  the beetle's wings: structural interference coloration of the elytra by multilayering of the epicuti
232                                The brilliant coloration of the parental species results from nanostru
233 n products responsible for the typical brown coloration of the reaction solution.
234  in the copolymer synthesis and therefore no coloration of the samples isolated; and (iii) no necessi
235    We used spectrophotometry to quantify the coloration of the species-specific male crown patches.
236                              The bright blue coloration of this fruit is more intense than that of an
237                               Blue and brown coloration of Ti was achieved.
238 mposition were performed for three different colorations of Quaker beans, added separately to natural
239 ination of absorbing elements and structural coloration often yields emergent optical properties.
240      In contrast, acquisition of conspicuous coloration (often used as warning signals or in mimicry)
241 e vertebrate taxa and can influence adaptive coloration, often in predictable ways.
242 election experiment on the evolution of prey coloration on heterogeneous backgrounds, in which blue j
243  was proposed as an explanation for the dark coloration on the basis of an image of Charon's northern
244 lution in three lizard species with blanched coloration on the gypsum dunes of White Sands, New Mexic
245 h-iodine solution leading to an intense blue coloration on the surface.
246 n's choice of prey and the effect of plumage coloration on the survival of feral pigeons.
247 een extensively studied for their structural coloration or optical properties within the visible spec
248   The signal could be visual, such as bright coloration or some stereotypical movement that attracts
249 e largely focused on visual ornaments (e.g., coloration) or weapon morphology (e.g., antlers, horns,
250                                   Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal th
251 ient animals and the functional evolution of coloration over time [1-7].
252 al Pb exposure on immunity, carotenoid-based coloration, oxidative stress and trade-offs among these
253  candidate genes known to be responsible for coloration pattern in other insect species.
254 cichlids, latent-trait axes incorporate male-coloration patterns and exhibit convergence as well as d
255 roperties can be switched via acid-triggered coloration, polymerization/cross-linking, or degradation
256 litated the establishment of male-beneficial coloration polymorphisms.
257              However, within families, chick coloration predicts whether chicks become "favorites" wh
258 itching times are in the range 2-5 s for the coloration process, though significantly longer for the
259          Iridescence is a form of structural coloration, produced by a range of structures, in which
260 ual selection or intraspecific signaling for coloration, providing an ideal system for mimicry studie
261 ditions favoring the evolution of aposematic coloration remain largely unidentified.
262 rimination should select for the most common coloration, resulting in positive frequency-dependent su
263                           The non-iridescent coloration results from the isotropic nature of structur
264     Recently, the sexually selected eggshell coloration (SSEC) hypothesis proposed that eggshell colo
265 ebraska Sand Hills and show that their light coloration stems from a novel banding pattern on individ
266 trate that best matched their egg background coloration, suggesting background matching.
267 ot in Atlantic coast mice with similar light coloration, suggesting that different molecular mechanis
268 ed for 6months at 40 degrees C showed darker coloration, surface deformation of granules, and a signi
269 formation for investigations of the original coloration, taxonomy and internal anatomy of fossil vert
270 ultitude of species that display conspicuous coloration that cannot be explained by existing theory.
271 in the pigment component of carotenoid-based coloration that determines age-dependent colour expressi
272         Here, we study a trait consisting of coloration that is specific to the embryo and absent fro
273 logues, as they provide isotropic structural coloration that suppresses iridescence and improves colo
274 ts into the evolution and dynamics of flower coloration, the high-quality L. japonica genome sequence
275                                       Throat coloration-the most striking plumage difference between
276 hensive studies on signal honesty in warning coloration to date.
277 udochromis fuscus), flexibly adapts its body coloration to mimic differently colored reef fishes and
278           Fluoride does not give any visible coloration to water, and hence, no effort is made to rem
279  according to the intensity of the red xylem coloration typically associated with CCR down-regulation
280 w, thus avoiding the problem of the residual coloration typically observed with naphthopyrans.
281 ht-yellow materials that develop intense red colorations under UV light and return to the initial unc
282                    Mammals generate external coloration via dedicated pigment-producing cells but arr
283                                  Conspicuous coloration was correlated with all components except res
284                                 GUS mediated coloration was found in specific plant tissues and was d
285 , citric acid and lactic acid solutions, any coloration was mainly due to the production of dehydrodi
286 ual processing model, showed that O. pumilio coloration was significantly brighter in island than in
287                                Change in red coloration was used as a visual indicator of a mutation
288 ample of this design principle is structural coloration, where interference, diffraction, and absorpt
289 cope with oxidative stress at the expense of coloration, whereas Pb-exposed males increased coloratio
290 rnamental, in part due to its dynamic flower coloration, which changes from white to gold during deve
291                      In contrast, disruptive coloration, which disguises body outlines, may be effect
292 ry poison frogs (Oophaga pumilio) imprint on coloration, which is a mating trait that has diverged re
293 loration, whereas Pb-exposed males increased coloration, which may reflect an increased breeding inve
294 dried colourant showed the most intense pink coloration while cookies incorporated with lyophilized e
295 ha, is required for testes growth and bright coloration, while ARalpha, but not ARbeta, is required f
296 nadium chloride used in this protocol brings coloration with a wide spectral signature that creates i
297  events suggests that corals develop extreme coloration within 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to mild or
298 metabolite production, enabling visible cell coloration within 4 h.
299 d availability did not explain the change in coloration within individuals, suggesting that pigment a
300 our independent origins of aposematic larval coloration within Papilio.

 
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