ライフサイエンスコーパス: cone opsin

1 ificant effect on the activity of human blue cone opsin.

2 in rods, followed about 1 week later by M&L cone opsin.

3 e opsin and suppressing short-wavelength (S) cone opsin.

4 sin than like a classical vertebrate rod-and-cone opsin.

5 ctive cone pigment and constitutively active cone opsin.

6 eceptors expressing recoverin, rhodopsin, or cone opsin.

7 ons labeled with biotinylated PNA and anti-S cone opsin.

8 essed L/M cone opsin, and some coexpressed S cone opsin.

9 are positive for TULP1, recoverin, and blue cone opsin.

10 ULP1-reactive and some are positive for blue cone opsin.

11 or TULP1 and many are reactive for red/green cone opsin.

12 antiserum to short (S) -wavelength specific cone opsin.

13 psin, human green cone opsin, and human blue cone opsin.

14 e more similar for blue cone opsin and green cone opsin.

15 re suppressed expression of short wavelength cone opsin.

16 tor-specific genes such as rhodopsin and red cone opsin.

17 presumably because of the mistrafficking of cone opsins.

18 dium-wavelength (M) and short-wavelength (S) cone opsins.

19 te signal termination by phosphorylating the cone opsins.

20 f 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rod and cone opsins.

21 ion, are essentially invariant in rod versus cone opsins.

22 g of mCAR to light-activated, phosphorylated cone opsins.

23 fic genes in vivo, such as rhodopsin and the cone opsins.

24 e lambdamax of phylogenetically distant Sws2 cone opsins.

25 he chromophore residing in rhodopsin and the cone opsins.

26 f the batho-shifted intermediates of rod and cone opsins.

27 studied with photoactivated Rho but not with cone opsins.

28 sitive (S) and long wavelength-sensitive (L) cone opsins.

29 -translational modification of red and green cone opsins.

30 istently co-localizes with S- and M-types of cone opsins.

31 al organization and transcription of rod and cone opsins.

32 d normal subcellular compartmentalization of cone opsins.

33 cycle that supplies 11- cis-retinaldehyde to cone opsins.

34 cis-retinol inactivates expressed salamander cone opsins, acting an inverse agonist.

35 ery similar G protein receptors, the rod and cone opsins, activates one and deactivates the other, co

36 that differ in color (i.e., ratio of L- to S-cone opsin activation) while providing identical melanop

37 rylated and that CAR binds to phosphorylated cone opsins after light activation.

38 Triple labeling using TUNEL, anti-M/L cone opsin and anti-rod opsin showed that hyperoxia had

39 cones whose outer segments stained for blue cone opsin and avoided cones that did not.

40 ra to long/medium (L/M) -wavelength specific cone opsin and cone-specific alpha-transducin detected a

41 e hypothesis is proposed that it arises from cone opsin and disk membrane swelling triggered by isome

42 S) or long/medium (L/M) wavelength-sensitive cone opsin and either a structural protein (peripherin)

43 Meta-II transition are more similar for blue cone opsin and green cone opsin.

44 companied by a progressive downregulation of cone opsin and melanopsin expression.

45 tinin, and then used antibodies against blue cone opsin and red-green cone opsin to identify the indi

46 ne viability, corrected mis-trafficking of M-cone opsin and restored cone PDE6 expression.

47 antibodies to short (S)-wavelength-sensitive cone opsin and rod opsin.

48 in mice by activating medium-wavelength (M) cone opsin and suppressing short-wavelength (S) cone ops

49 nts identified the primary component as a UV cone opsin and the two minor components as the short wav

50 number of visual opsins in vertebrates (two cone opsins and 38 rod opsins).

51 retinal thickness, and expression of rod and cone opsins and causes specific loss of photoreceptors.

52 ation of cone-specific genes, including both cone opsins and cone tranducin alpha subunit in Rpe65-/-

53 mistry was performed with antibodies against cone opsins and kinases GRK1 and GRK7 in postmortem norm

54 produce dramatic variations in the ratio of cone opsins and pRGCs across the retina.

55 isingly, precedes both the expression of the cone opsins and the formation of synaptic contacts in th

56 responses initiated by either rhodopsin or S-cone opsin, and 3) exhibited similar light-activated tra

57 clic nucleotide-gated cation channel-3, blue-cone opsin, and beta-6-PDE) was evaluated by immunocytoc

58 cleotide-gated cation channel-3 [CNG3], blue-cone opsin, and cGMP phosphodiesterase [PDE]); were eval

59 photoreceptors expressing rod opsin and red cone opsin, and decreased the number of photoreceptors e

60 avel to the outer segments, co-localize with cone opsin, and form tetrameric complexes.

61 fish ultraviolet opsin, goldfish ultraviolet cone opsin, and goldfish rod opsin.

62 g sequences of bovine rhodopsin, human green cone opsin, and human blue cone opsin.

63 brillary acidic protein (GFAP), rhodopsin, S-cone opsin, and M/L-cone opsin were performed, as were a

64 Only 15% of the cones expressed L/M cone opsin, and some coexpressed S cone opsin.

65 ates were immunostained for calbindin or for cone opsins, and labeled cells and outer segments were c

66 -retinol with expressed human and salamander cone opsins, and to determine by microspectrophotometry

67 S cone opsin appears last, and all opsins reach the retina

68 Like rhodopsin, the folding of the cone opsins appears to be dependent on the formation of

69 in rhodopsin-deficient mice, suggesting that cone opsins are dispensable for cone viability.

70 Rhodopsin (Rho) and cone opsins are essential for detection of light.

71 Rhodopsin and cone opsins are essential for light detection in vertebr

72 However, the roles of cone opsins are less well understood.

73 Without chromophore, cone opsins are mislocalized and cones degenerate rapidl

74 the first time in a mammalian species, that cone opsins are phosphorylated and that CAR binds to pho

75 Despite their importance for vision, cone opsins are poorly characterized at the molecular le

76 Our results suggest that cone opsins are the 'culprit' linking 11-cis-retinal def

77 e pigment that enables night vision, whereas cone opsins are the pigments responsible for color visio

78 Although cone opsins are transcribed earlier than rhodopsin durin

79 the expression of melanopsin, rhodopsin and cone opsin, as well as other retinal markers (tyrosine h

80 ith the hypothesis that the dual gradient of cone opsins assists achromatic contrast detection agains

81 , the photochemical excitation of the violet cone opsin at 425 nm generates the batho intermediate at

82 Extended illumination of the violet cone opsin at 75 K, however, generates a red-shifted pho

83 Expression of cone opsins began approximately 10 hours after rod opsin

84 he ER is important for normal folding during cone opsin biosynthesis.

85 In contrast, the short-wavelength cone opsins, blue and violet, were not detected until 2

86 t al as zebrafish ultraviolet opsin is not a cone opsin but is likely to be a rod opsin.

87 ifferent from those of the classical rod and cone opsins but matching the standard profile of an opsi

88 omophore, which functions as a chaperone for cone opsins but not rhodopsin.

89 ed significant decrease of cone-specific (MW cone opsin) but not rod-specific (rhodopsin) markers.

90 At the early stage of degeneration, rod and cone opsins, but not peripherin/RDS, exhibited prominent

91 lacking chromophore to exploit the fact that cone opsins, but not R-opsin, require chromophore for pr

92 , multi-site phosphorylation of both S and M cone opsins by in situ phosphorylation and isoelectric f

93 Consistent with the cone opsin changes, the cone transducin alpha-subunit mR

94 (2) The cone opsin classes have class-specific sites compared to

95 ting excitation of the native mouse S- and M-cone opsin classes.

96 The retinal gradient in S- and M-cone opsin (co-)expression has traditionally been consid

97 one cell survival was determined by counting cone opsin-containing cells on flat-mounted P30 retinas.

98 al modeling suggesting that Pro-205 in green cone opsin could prevent entry and binding of 11-cis-6mr

99 d by regeneration, were hybridized with blue cone opsin cRNA for quantitative analysis of the blue co

100 aining with antibodies to rod opsin, S and M cone opsins, cytochrome oxidase, synaptophysin, glial fi

101 otoreceptor-specific proteins, rhodopsin and cone opsins, decreased expression of the specific inflam

102 Surprisingly, cone opsin-deficient cones survive for at least 12 mo, w

103 that either GRK7 or GRK1 may participate in cone opsin desensitization, depending on the expression

104 We showed that cones lacking cone opsins do not form normal outer segments due to the

105 The mouse UV cone opsin does not fit this trend, and we conclude that

106 ngth appear to result from mistrafficking of cone opsins due to impaired delivery of retinaldehyde ch

107 cterized by functional loss of both L- and M-cone opsins due to mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene c

108 Cone opsins enable daylight vision and color discriminat

109 tion, and apoptosis, plays a central role in cone opsin expression and patterning in the retina.

110 In contrast, TH affected both single-cone opsin expression and visual pigment absorbance in t

111 served that Pias3 directly regulated M and S cone opsin expression by modulating the cone-enriched tr

112 f pRGCs are spectrally tuned by gradients in cone opsin expression depending on their location in the

113 inhibitory surround receptive fields on the cone opsin expression gradient, and by introducing oppon

114 ofluorescence demonstrated the total loss of cone opsin expression in B. mysticetus, whereas light mi

115 suggests that separate enhancers control red cone opsin expression in DC-P and DC-A, consistent with

116 nvestigate the action of TH and RA on single-cone opsin expression in juvenile rainbow trout, zebrafi

117 tal expression of RXRgamma was examined, and cone opsin expression in RXRgamma-null mice was analyzed

118 e null mutation leads to altered topology of cone opsin expression in the retina, with aberrant S-ops

119 resulted in a decrease in rhodopsin and red cone opsin expression levels in Xenopus retinas.

120 The temporal order of onset of cone opsin expression was red, then green, then blue, th

121 The order of subsequent cone opsin expression was related to the relative positi

122 described the developmental pattern of human cone opsin expression, nor has the existence of human co

123 et-sensitive and medium-wavelength-sensitive cone opsin expression, produce dramatic variations in th

124 pears to be independent of its regulation on cone opsin expression.

125 echoing the topographic gradient in S- and M-cone opsin expression.

126 rod signals in retinal regions with sparse M-cone opsin expression.(10-13) The relative importance of

127 an be driven solely by cones, independent of cone-opsin expression gradients and rod input, with many

128 r degeneration with early mislocalization of cone opsins, features resembling those of Rpgr-null mice

129 Two short-wavelength cone opsins, frog (Xenopus laevis) violet and mouse UV,

130 opsin and red, green, blue, and ultraviolet cone opsins from goldfish (Carassius auratus).

131 nce of their natural ligand, 11-cis-retinal, cone opsin G-protein-coupled receptors fail to traffic n

132 cture of active-state, wild-type human green cone opsin (GCO(WT)) stabilized with a mini-G protein an

133 Mutations in the LW/MW cone opsin gene array can, therefore, lead to a spectrum

134 The disease locus encompasses the cone opsin gene array on Xq28.

135 this would indicate that this rod-like green cone opsin gene, although absent in mammals, is common i

136 hort but not the medium wavelength-sensitive cone opsin gene.

137 The batho intermediate of the violet cone opsin generated at 45 K has an absorption maximum a

138 and in elucidating the relationship between cone opsin genes and their photopigment products.

139 Rod and cone opsin genes are expressed in a mutually exclusive m

140 enetic clade with the rod and rod-like green cone opsin genes from other vertebrate species.

141 Selective expression of retinal cone opsin genes is essential for color vision, but the

142 and medium-wavelength-sensitive (MW, green) cone opsin genes that segregated with disease.

143 Genomic DNA for seven cone opsin genes was sequenced and the structure of the

144 For cone opsin genes, the rhodopsin-like (Rh2) and long-wave

145 esampled after 19 y to test for selection on cone opsin genes.

146 Missense mutations in the cone opsins have been identified as a relatively common

147 t rapid retinal release from an active-state cone opsin helps prevent signal saturation and enables r

148 and Asn(15), whereas human (h) red and green cone opsins (hOPSR and hOPSG, respectively) are N-glycos

149 roretinogram (ERG), optomotor responses, and cone opsin immunohistochemistry.

150 ural abnormalities, as well as a decrease in cone opsin immunoreactivity.

151 at Rx is co-expressed with rhodopsin and red cone opsin in maturing photoreceptors and demonstrate th

152 ssed at levels approaching that of red/green cone opsin in the macula.

153 ult of ancestral losses of middle-wavelength cone opsins in early snake evolution.

154 ch to investigate the physiological roles of cone opsins in mice.

155 difference between the role of rhodopsin and cone opsins in photoreceptor viability.

156 otoreceptors exhibit ectopic localization of cone opsins in the cell body and synapses and rod photor

157 etermine whether the same effects on rod and cone opsins in the Rpe65-/- mouse are also present in th

158 The genes for the rod and rod-like green cone opsins in two avian species, the budgerigar, Melops

159 this deficit using mice expressing human red cone opsin, in which rod-, cone-, and melanopsin-depende

160 were performed on Crx target genes, rod and cone opsins, in developing mouse retina.

161 rsial whether the same requirement holds for cone opsin inactivation.

162 FTIR spectroscopy of violet cone opsin indicates conclusively that the chromophore i

163 t lag between their expression and that of S cone opsin indicates that phototransduction proteins are

164 f the rate of thermal isomerization of mouse cone opsins, indicating that nonopsin sources of noise d

165 expression of the visual receptors, rod and cone opsins; inhibit the inflammatory reactions; and ind

166 ition, which governs the balance of S- and M-cone opsin input due to the opsin expression gradient in

167 ptor cell classes mislocalization of rod and cone opsins is minimized or reversed.

168 immunohistochemistry demonstrated a lack of cone opsin labeling in cRPGRIP1(Ins/Ins) dogs.

169 Cone opsin levels increased to near wild-type levels.

170 hemically with cone-specific antibodies, and cone opsin levels were obtained by quantitative RT-PCR.

171 her cone photoreceptor cell number, improved cone opsin localization, and enhanced cone ERG signals w

172 Photoreceptor morphology, cone opsin localization, expression of GFAP (a marker fo

173 mouse cone cells leads to mislocalization of cone opsin, loss of photopic electroretinogram (ERG) res

174 cone membrane-associated proteins including cone opsins (M- and S-opsins), cone transducin (Galphat2

175 vel and enzymatic activity of RPE65, causing cone opsin mislocalization and early cone degeneration i

176 ntly rods, accompanied by rhodopsin and blue cone opsin mislocalization from 6 to 12 months of age wi

177 intenance of photoreceptor function and that cone opsin mislocalization represents an early step in X

178 In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite

179 In addition, cone opsin mislocalized to the outer nuclear layer and t

180 Red/green cone opsin missense mutations N94K, W177R, P307L, R330Q,

181 Although both M and S cone opsins mistrafficked as reported previously, misloc

182 Cone opsin mistrafficking in both models was arrested on

183 ongenital amaurosis and that the destructive cone opsin mistrafficking is caused by the lack of 11-ci

184 Onset of expression of cone opsin mRNA followed a phenotype-specific sequence:

185 derived from long-wavelength sensitive (LWS) cone opsin mRNA identified several mutations in the opsi

186 the decrease in the middle-wavelength (MWL) cone opsin mRNA occurred relatively later in age.

187 in 3 days of cell birth, while expression of cone opsin mRNA required at least 7 days.

188 The short-wavelength (SWL) cone opsin mRNA was markedly decreased at 2 weeks of age

189 tion, but maintenance of non-photosensitive, cone opsin mRNA-expressing cells in the retina.

190 sity and a 50% increase in medium-wavelength cone opsin mRNA.

191 Levels of rhodopsin and cone-opsin mRNA were measured by quantitative real time

192 ese results suggest that ventral and central cone opsins must be regenerated with 11-cis-retinal to p

193 e molecular mechanisms associated with these cone opsin mutants is fundamental to developing targeted

194 Studies on disease mechanisms due to these cone opsin mutations have been previously carried out ex

195 ation of vision loss associated with various cone opsin mutations.

196 e find that the vertebrate medium wavelength cone opsin (MW-opsin) overcomes these limitations and su

197 vitamin A derivative bound to rhodopsin and cone opsins of retinal photoreceptors.

198 served with bovine rhodopsin and human green cone opsin, on the picosecond to millisecond timescales

199 elength-sensitive cone pigment [S-pigment or cone opsin (OPN1SW)] nor encephalopsin (OPN3).

200 isms by which of rhodopsin (opsin 2) and the cone opsins (opsin 1) mediate vision, three other member

201 -long/medium wavelength-sensitive (anti-L/M) cone opsin or anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP

202 mbined with labeling by either antibodies to cone opsins or biotinylated PNA, a consistent relationsh

203 retinas there was no evidence for any other cone opsins or pigments, rods, rod opsin expression, or

204 downregulation of the genes encoding rod and cone opsins, paralleled the decrease in ocular retinoid

205 letion of 16 N-terminal amino acids in green cone opsin partially restored the binding of 11-cis-6mr-

206 We previously reported that cone opsin patterning requires thyroid hormone beta2, a

207 RXRgamma cooperates with TRbeta2 to regulate cone opsin patterning, the developmental expression of R

208 To elucidate the potential role of GRK1 in cone opsin phosphorylation, we created Nrl and Grk1 doub

209 Absorption of a photon by a rhodopsin or cone-opsin pigment isomerizes its 11-cis-retinaldehyde (

210 of the retinaldehyde chromophore in a rod or cone opsin-pigment molecule.

211 Our results demonstrate that cone opsins play a major role in determining the degener

212 nd violet-sensitive cone and green-sensitive cone opsin positive cells were present.

213 When rod and red cone opsin probes were combined, the number of labeled c

214 but further identification based on rod- or cone-opsin probes failed, suggesting the utilization of

215 ve transducin-stimulating activity, the free cone opsin produces an approximately 2-fold desensitizat

216 rAAV5-hCNGB3 with a long version of the red cone opsin promoter in younger animals led to a stable t

217 herapy with different forms of the human red cone opsin promoter led to the restoration of cone funct

218 trate that Rx binds to the rhodopsin and red cone opsin promoters in vivo.

219 Cone opsin protein levels were assayed with immunoblots,

220 und the fovea at fetal day 66, 1 week before cone opsin protein.

221 photobleaching pathway of a short-wavelength cone opsin purified in delipidated form (lambda(max) = 4

222 aevis genes, Prph2 (also called RDS) and red cone opsin (RCO) using a polymerase chain reaction-based

223 which to investigate this issue, containing cone opsins red, green, blue, and violet, as well as the

224 The long-wavelength cone opsins, red and green, were first detected in a sma

225 opsins include rod opsin and four different cone opsins: red, green, blue, and ultraviolet.

226 Several lines of evidence suggest that cone opsins regenerate by a different mechanism.

227 receptors, which resulted in delayed rod and cone opsin regeneration.

228 udy highlights the much faster photocycle of cone opsins relative to Rho and the crucial role of RGR

229 rt because their activated state is unstable-cone opsins release their retinal agonist within seconds

230 Thus, vertebrate cone opsins represent a class of tools for understanding

231 old reductions in the mRNAs for M-cone and S-cone opsin, respectively, whereas there was no significa

232 mouse cone arrestin (mCAR) or mouse S and M cone opsins revealed specific binding of mCAR to light-a

233 n, medium-to-long wavelength-sensitive (M/L) cone opsin, rod opsin, excitatory amino acid transporter

234 , transgenically, short-wavelength-sensitive cone opsin (S-opsin) in rods and also lacking chromophor

235 c mice with rods expressing mouse short-wave cone opsin (S-opsin) to test whether cone pigment can su

236 In this paper, we report the cone opsin sequences from two nocturnal South American m

237 We established two vertebrate cone opsins, short- and long-wavelength opsin, for long-

238 Immunolabeling for cone opsins showed the presence of both middle-to-longwa

239 In both dichromats and trichromats, cone opsin signals are maintained independently in cones

240 of photoreceptors expressing the blue and UV cone opsins, suggesting targeted effects of RA on photor

241 fore they are reactive for blue or red/green cone opsin suggests an important role for TULP1 in devel

242 psins: one rod opsin, RH1 (498 nm), and five cone opsins, SWS1 (370 nm), SWS2B (408 nm), RH2B (498 nm

243 In contrast, a rod opsin (RH1) and three cone opsins (SWS2, RH2, and LWS) were expressed in postm

244 s suggest that the ligand is required during cone opsin synthesis for successful opsin trafficking an

245 comparable between bovine rhodopsin and blue cone opsin, the transition kinetics of earlier photo-int

246 ine loss of function mutations in rhodopsin, cone opsins, the V2 vasopressin receptor, ACTH receptor,

247 bodies against blue cone opsin and red-green cone opsin to identify the individual cone types.

248 ever, this substitution did not enable green cone opsin to regenerate with 11-cis-6mr-retinal.

249 al, with evidence of early redistribution of cone opsin to the inner segment.

250 ammals such as mice use graded expression of cone opsins to extract visual information from their env

251 ects were associated with mislocalization of cone opsins to the nuclear and synaptic layers and reduc

252 nal before P25 led to increased transport of cone opsins to the outer segments and preserved cones an

253 lso as a chaperone for normal trafficking of cone opsins to the outer segments.

254 e intra-retinal differences in rhodopsin and cone opsin trafficking.

255 e3 enhances rhodopsin, but represses S- or M-cone opsin transcription when interacting with Crx.

256 Xenopus violet cone opsin (VCOP) and its counterion variant (VCOP-D108A

257 biochemically by expressing a Xenopus violet cone opsin (VCOP) cDNA in COS1 cells and assaying the li

258 3 in the Xenopus short-wavelength sensitive cone opsin (VCOP, lambda(max) approximately 427 nm).

259 light-sensitive chromophore of both rod and cone opsin visual pigments.

260 In contrast, green-sensitive cone opsin was demonstrated in the retina both by immuno

261 ated controls, outer segment localization of cone opsin was improved, and ER stress/apoptotic cell de

262 that retinal hydrolysis from photoactivated cone opsins was markedly faster than from photoactivated

263 Only one opsin, of type RH2 (a "green" cone opsin), was expressed in premetamorphic (developing

264 Our results suggest that subtle changes in L-cone opsin wavelength absorption may have been adaptive

265 In inferior retina, cone opsin weights agreed qualitatively with relative pi

266 In superior retina, cone opsin weights agreed quantitatively with relative p

267 For both species, only two classes of cone opsin were found, an SWS1 and an LWS sequence, and

268 the intracellular distribution of red/green cone opsin were observed as early as P80.

269 ein (GFAP), rhodopsin, S-cone opsin, and M/L-cone opsin were performed, as were axon counts of the op

270 t P25, cone density and transcript levels of cone opsins were drastically reduced, but a minute cone

271 Rod and cone opsins were localized by immunohistochemical method

272 e to stimuli bleaching up to 99% of L- and M-cone opsins were measured with high resolution, phase-re

273 s, a substantial percentage of C150S-Rds and cone opsins were mislocalized to different cellular comp

274 Confocal microscopy revealed that the cone opsins were mislocalized, suggesting that their tra

275 he retina of these mice, the light-activated cone opsins were neither phosphorylated nor bound with m

276 imilar to C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice, and both cone opsins were properly localized to the cone outer se

277 rominent downregulation of middle wavelength cone opsin, whereas Rpe65(-)/(-) mice displayed more sup

278 on is a fundamental feature of red and green cone opsins, which may be relevant to their function or

279 termines the regeneration of mammalian green cone opsin with chromophore analogues such as 11-cis-6mr

280 the regenerative properties of rod and green cone opsins with 11-cis-6mr-retinal and demonstrated tha

281 By selectively stimulating the two mouse cone opsins with green and UV light, we assessed whether

282 n spectra conformed to the spectrum of green cone opsin, with a main sensitivity peak at 510 nm and a