ライフサイエンスコーパス: coulomb

1 e long-standing macroscopic laws of Amontons-Coulomb.

2 astic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, how the Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction of La(2)CuO(4)

3 largest nearest neighbour hopping integral, Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction.

4 s, taking into account the often-disregarded Coulomb and self-polarization interaction.

5 mplex interplay between local, multi-orbital Coulomb and spin-orbit interaction in elemental bismuth.

6 on of CoHex(3+) ions is mainly determined by Coulomb and steric interactions, while ion-correlation f

7 y and the energy scales of both the screened Coulomb and the electron overlap repulsions.

8 100% coulombic efficiency at both low (0.15 coulomb) and high (4.5 coulombs) discharge and charge ra

9 tics suggests the involvement of cation-pai, Coulomb, and salt-concentration-independent pai-pai or h

10 the applied transmembrane field, long-range Coulomb, and salt-concentration-independent, short-range

11 sfer of qstep2 (= nETqe/(1 + ARECRE/AOECOE)) coulombs (ARE,AOE andCRE,COEare the areas (cm(2)) and di

12 At this separation, the residual Coulomb attraction between charges is at or below therma

13 econfiguration of the local environment, the Coulomb attraction between electric charges is decreased

14 ve charge separation and overcome the mutual Coulomb attraction between electron and hole.

15 site particles-chiral excitons-formed by the Coulomb attraction between electrons and holes residing

16 or interfaces that significantly reduces the Coulomb attraction between interfacial electron-hole pai

17 , which are electron-hole pairs bound by the Coulomb attraction in a photoexcited semiconductor, has

18 (2) a push-pull building block to reduce the Coulomb binding energy of charge transfer states and (3)

19 , moire periodicity, or exceptionally strong Coulomb binding.

20 s, i.e., the Pt NP-metal surface dipole, the Coulomb blockade and quantum confinement effect in deter

21 zero energy yielding persistent 1e-periodic Coulomb blockade conductance peaks (e is the elementary

22 ly 30-micrometer-wide channel shows a robust coulomb blockade effect at room temperature with a thres

23 Here we report Coulomb blockade in a vdW heterostructure consisting of

24 ade: the ionic counterpart of the electronic Coulomb blockade observed for quantum dots.

25 Tracking noise levels around the Coulomb blockade peak as a function of gate voltage yiel

26 Measured Coulomb blockade peak spacing around one flux quantum sh

27 the molecule exponentially increases in the Coulomb blockade regime and decreases at the charge dege

28 By immersing a Coulomb blockade thermometer in the (3)He/(4)He refriger

29 t the cooling of electrons in nanoelectronic Coulomb blockade thermometers below 4 mK.

30 electron-transport activation energy and the Coulomb blockade threshold for the GQD network were 35 m

31 detailed characterization of the collective Coulomb blockade transition, which is the finite-size an

32 This enables Coulomb blockade, the phenomenon whereby electrons or ho

33 m dots showing single-electron tunneling and Coulomb blockade.

34 pore junction, and the observation of ionic Coulomb blockade: the ionic counterpart of the electroni

35 from a continuum, yielding uniformly spaced Coulomb-blockade conductance peaks, consistent with tele

36 Here, we use Coulomb-blockade spectroscopy in an InAs nanowire segmen

37 be used to deduce the entropy change across Coulomb-blockade valleys, resolving, along the way, a lo

38 propose a method to extract the entropy of a Coulomb-blockaded mesoscopic system from transport measu

39 How photoexcitations evolve into Coulomb-bound electron and hole pairs, called excitons,

40 Excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are elementary photo-

41 In PA(63)F427A, only the suggested Coulomb component of the cyclodextrin interaction remain

42 nteraction between electron spins in coupled Coulomb-confined systems.

43 t stable aggregates containing three or more Coulomb-correlated electron-hole pairs remain mostly une

44 n solid state, as they benefit from enormous Coulomb correlations between electrons and holes.

45 Coulomb correlations can manifest in exotic properties i

46 The quantum coherence of the Coulomb coupled motion between the atomic and molecular

47 y connected by a common-mode bus, such as in Coulomb-coupled trapped atomic ions(11,12) or cavity-cou

48 We develop a theory of interlayer Coulomb coupling containing no free parameters that acco

49 s has been demonstrated experimentally for a Coulomb crystal of [Formula: see text] ions without desc

50 anofriction interface between a laser-cooled Coulomb crystal of individually addressable ions as the

51 Here, we report on the Coulomb crystallization of HCIs (specifically (40)Ar(13+

52 on and manipulation of a wide variety of ion Coulomb crystals formed from small numbers of ions.

53 s is determined by the interplay between the Coulomb (de)stabilization originating from the "boron co

54 ncy at both low (0.15 coulomb) and high (4.5 coulombs) discharge and charge rates.

55 Coulomb, dispersion and hydration effects appeared to be

56 ode, first-order electrostatic interactions (Coulomb) dominate the overall binding energy as evidence

57 tive to many-body effects, and find that the Coulomb drag resistivity significantly increases for tem

58 We focus on the Coulomb drag transport measurements, which are sensitive

59 , such as the metal-insulator transition and Coulomb drag, and to the realization of functional devic

60 tudy of the impact of alloy fluctuations and Coulomb effects on the electronic and optical properties

61 gy of approximately 0.95-3.68 eV, due to the Coulomb electric interaction, and easily overcome the ac

62 roaching 10 gigaelectronvolts to single nano-Coulomb electron bunches.

63 bonding, despite the powerful opposition of Coulomb electrostatic forces.

64 ral bond orbital analysis, including natural Coulomb electrostatics, elucidates the presence of three

65 g the program ZENO and find that the average Coulomb energy <E C> is directly proportional to <m>.

66 The Coulomb energy E C is defined by the energy required to

67 ly that a uniformly charged disc has a lower Coulomb energy than a sphere of the same volume.

68 e band alignment and transient excited-state Coulomb environment, rather than solely on quantum confi

69 D crystals experience a spatially nonuniform Coulomb environment, whose effect on the charge transpor

70 ge, it is often dominated by the much larger Coulomb exchange counterpart.

71 Coulomb excitation experiments were performed using acce

72 We Coulomb-explode the molecule with a second precisely del

73 ity within the bunch is strongly affected by Coulomb explosion and the velocity differences between i

74 Using time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI), we directly imaged indi

75 ate geometric isomers by means of coincident Coulomb explosion imaging is presented, allowing isomer-

76 The results were obtained by Coulomb explosion imaging using a free electron laser an

77 y elusive Efimov state of (4)He3 by means of Coulomb explosion imaging.

78 energies are matched closely by a classical Coulomb explosion model.

79 L-shell ionisation and subsequent Coulomb explosion of fully deuterated methyl iodide, CD(

80 dataset from a pump-probe experiment on the Coulomb explosion of nitrogen molecules, our analysis re

81 The dynamics of the Coulomb explosion process are investigated by calculatin

82 eviously introduced for multi-photon induced Coulomb explosion, is applied in numerical simulations,

83 After a prompt Coulomb explosion, the subsequent dynamics is characteri

84 ry atomization by the usual sequence of many Coulomb explosions).

85 ion of the seismic source and to compute the Coulomb Failure Function (CFF) variation on the aftersho

86 s before the earthquake, but changes in Mohr-Coulomb failure stress were probably too small to trigge

87 es a certain threshold, the resulting strong Coulomb field causes an unusual atomic collapse state; t

88 al character of the proton in water and that Coulomb fields exerted by other cations, in particular d

89 nanoscale photothermal infrared imaging with Coulomb force detection to form peak force infrared-Kelv

90 variations of bonding lengths due to excess Coulomb force from bare ions at the dislocation core.

91 the nearly instantaneous speed at which the coulomb force is transmitted.

92 t the photon dispersion relation governs the Coulomb force, we obtain a fivefold-improved limit on an

93 electron-hole pair through the electrostatic Coulomb force-independent of its electronic band gap.

94 uction force, and could be comparable to the Coulomb force.

95 Strong Coulomb forces are predicted to induce nucleation into a

96 e negatively charged DNA, reducing repulsive Coulomb forces between nucleotides and allowing the DNA

97 However, the collective effects of Coulomb forces on the nonequilibrium dynamics and aggreg

98 Despite the presence of repulsive Coulomb forces, the cation-cation interaction is stronge

99 collisions and interact via the long-ranged Coulomb forces.

100 orce field single-point partial charges with Coulomb formula.

101 ibit viscous damping behavior even when only Coulomb friction is postulated for free vibrations.

102 face where forces are described by isotropic Coulomb friction.

103 nduced carrier correlations that lead to the Coulomb gap at EF, which we resolve experimentally in a

104 to previous reports of Luttinger liquids and Coulomb gap behaviour at low temperatures suggests that

105 We realize a model for 2D Coulomb glass as a cylindrical type II superconductor co

106 ng the salient features of the time-resolved Coulomb imaging experiment.

107 th the influence of scattering from screened Coulomb impurities.

108 narios for candidate quantum spin-liquids in Coulomb impurity lattices of various geometries.

109 We show that Coulomb impurity lattices on the surface of gapped honey

110 t positive carrier densities is dominated by Coulomb impurity scattering.

111 and valley degeneracies in the vicinity of a Coulomb impurity.

112 large range of distances, from the strongly Coulomb interacting regime relevant for high-fidelity qu

113 ip that are mediated by the long-range In-Se Coulomb interaction across the van der Waals gap and sof

114 tion originates from charge-transfer-induced Coulomb interaction among the gold, reactant, and reduci

115 rtant even at room temperature due to strong Coulomb interaction and a large exciton density of state

116 various novel properties, such as long-range Coulomb interaction and flat Landau levels.

117 rscore the importance of multi-band physics, Coulomb interaction and Hund's coupling that together ge

118 del involving the dynamical screening of the Coulomb interaction and show that an enhancement of T(c)

119 xtended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model including Coulomb interaction and spin-flip effect.

120 s is determined by the interplay between the Coulomb interaction and the symmetries of the system.

121 t studies clarify the effect of osmolytes on Coulomb interaction at elevated concentrations of salt,

122 ged particle systems is the screening of the Coulomb interaction between charge carriers.

123 wo-dimensional (2D) logarithmic character of Coulomb interaction between charges and the resulting lo

124 r the eigenvalues of the TM tau in which the Coulomb interaction between charges mimics the repulsion

125 e, our calculations show that the attractive Coulomb interaction between electron and hole results in

126 tionally explained in terms of the classical Coulomb interaction between spatially separated charged

127 e at resonant illumination arises due to the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and holes in t

128 and demonstrate deterministic tuning of the Coulomb interaction between two ions, independently cont

129 onductors, these result principally from the Coulomb interaction between Wannier-Mott excitons.

130 rovement in performance is due to the strong Coulomb interaction between WS2 and MoS2 layers.

131 We show that in strong-coupling theory a Coulomb interaction can produce an order parameter in th

132 s based entirely on the local changes of the Coulomb interaction due to fluctuations of the external

133 electrons in a lattice below the long-range Coulomb interaction energy promotes correlation effects.

134 ting and may stimulate the use of long-range Coulomb interaction for coherent quantum control in othe

135 results highlight the key role played by the Coulomb interaction in the control and manipulation of o

136 states based on the unusual strength of the Coulomb interaction in these materials and its environme

137 e protein significantly because the apparent Coulomb interaction is sufficient to offset the dehydrat

138 (TMDs), reduced dielectric screening of the Coulomb interaction leads to strongly correlated many-bo

139 ndent mobility explains most results but the Coulomb interaction may play a role in shaping the fine

140 eadily entangled with each other through the Coulomb interaction or remote photonic interconnects.

141 nd that at the magic angle, the ratio of the Coulomb interaction to the bandwidth of each individual

142 xcited from the valence band is bound by the Coulomb interaction to the hole it left behind.

143 The GGA plus on-site Coulomb interaction U (GGA + U) enhances the exchange sp

144 approximation formalism, taking into account Coulomb interaction U (LDA + U).

145 derstood regarding the role of their reduced Coulomb interaction U relative to their strongly correla

146 eans of sympathetic motional cooling through Coulomb interaction with a directly laser-cooled ensembl

147 particle of electron-hole pairs bound by the Coulomb interaction(1).

148 cluding the collective plasmon modes via the Coulomb interaction, which opens up new pathways to mani

149 nduction is achieved from a charge frozen by Coulomb interaction.

150 ron-hole pairs into free charges against the Coulomb interaction.

151 ted charges that is based on their classical Coulomb interaction.

152 y--via the Pauli exclusion principle and the Coulomb interaction.

153 body calculations enables us to estimate the Coulomb-interaction strength (U ~ 4 eV) in Co(3)Sn(2)S(2

154 ults suggest that any qubit scheme employing Coulomb interactions (for example, encoded spin qubits o

155 ional lattice sum (Ewald-like) treatments of Coulomb interactions add significant overhead to compute

156 The long coherence times and strong Coulomb interactions afforded by trapped ion qubits have

157 a oxygen planes that enhances the unscreened Coulomb interactions among charges.

158 truncated solvent-solvent and solute-solvent Coulomb interactions and long-ranged but screened Coulom

159 s determined by a balance between attractive Coulomb interactions and loss of hydration but also modu

160 ue to cancellations of opposing trends, when Coulomb interactions and screening due to electrodes are

161 us factors such as dimensionality, topology, Coulomb interactions and symmetry.

162 charge-transfer states are strongly bound by Coulomb interactions and yet efficiently converted into

163 n the conduction band of graphene enabled by Coulomb interactions at the interface.

164 nt of organic semiconductors leads to strong Coulomb interactions between electron-hole pairs that sh

165 We demonstrate here, however, that Coulomb interactions between electrons in different laye

166 y, can be produced as the result of enhanced Coulomb interactions between electrons.

167 ong-range interactions in the form of either Coulomb interactions between ions or dipolar interaction

168 bital and/or spin orders arising from strong Coulomb interactions between transition metal and oxygen

169 This behaviour is a consequence of Coulomb interactions constrained by the valley flavour,

170 ues, only for Dirac fermions with long-range Coulomb interactions do we find a universal square-root

171 te cell boundaries but the long range of the Coulomb interactions generates significant contributions

172 Strong Coulomb interactions in organic photovoltaic cells dicta

173 sulators, and demonstrate that 2D long-range Coulomb interactions lead to peculiar size effects.

174 ion of single-particle effects and many-body Coulomb interactions lift the six-fold Landau level (LL)

175 superfluorescence (SF), which is enhanced by Coulomb interactions near the Fermi edge.

176 to the -clamp and are also stabilized by the Coulomb interactions of their terminal amino groups with

177 mb interactions and long-ranged but screened Coulomb interactions only between charged solutes.

178 ed electrons and holes are strongly bound by Coulomb interactions or excitons, the photophysics of th

179 Coulomb interactions play a major role in determining th

180 ract effects of both cold and excess salt on Coulomb interactions renders these known osmolytes cryop

181 etals, despite the expected screening of the Coulomb interactions that often drive polar transitions.

182 classical equivalent, which can compete with Coulomb interactions to give rise to complex phenomena.

183 determine the contributions from long-ranged Coulomb interactions to the potential of mean force betw

184 rged and polar systems, to which long-ranged Coulomb interactions typically make a large contribution

185 site spin exchange field, intra-atomic 4f-4f Coulomb interactions, and spin-orbit coupling.

186 f interest for probing the interplay between Coulomb interactions, connectivity and QI in single-mole

187 lecules, held together by hydrogen bonds and Coulomb interactions, have attracted great interest beca

188 c model of the OSE, which includes many-body Coulomb interactions, is required.

189 erate states at the Fermi energy, and strong Coulomb interactions, non-Fermi liquid behaviour is pred

190 itio anisotropic Eliashberg theory including Coulomb interactions, we investigate the electron-phonon

191 ntrol can be achieved by enhancing the local Coulomb interactions, which drive domain reorientation.

192 int effect of Fermi statistics and repulsive Coulomb interactions, which favours ground states with n

193 f quantum dots triggers confinement-enhanced Coulomb interactions, which simultaneously accelerate ho

194 oscopic features are a direct consequence of Coulomb interactions, which split the degenerate flat ba

195 ed mass renormalization driven by the strong Coulomb interactions.

196 l osmolytes may have on surface charging and Coulomb interactions.

197 semiconductors with strong light-matter and Coulomb interactions.

198 small intervalley scattering, and long-range Coulomb interactions.

199 topological defects, and magnetic long-range Coulomb interactions.

200 tion of spin-orbit-driven band splitting and Coulomb interactions.

201 le on the electron acceptor side of PSII via Coulomb interactions.

202 to extract the on-site and nearest-neighbour Coulomb interactions.

203 be explained by the different intramolecular Coulomb interactions.

204 t support bound excitons and other many-body Coulomb interactions.

205 ch forms a proximity-induced superconducting Coulomb island (a 'Majorana island') that is isolated fr

206 in EuS/Al/EuS heterostructures with metallic coulomb islands confined within a magnetic insulator bar

207 s a refined physics model that considers the Coulomb-laser coupling and photoelectron angular distrib

208 brane metamaterials in which electromagnetic Coulomb, Lorentz and Ampere forces, as well as thermal s

209 to spin and charge instabilities, driven by Coulomb, magnetic, and lattice interactions.

210 sis of a simple and rather widely applicable Coulomb model based on the characteristics of the molecu

211 ructural information from the widely applied Coulomb momentum imaging method.The timescale of isomeri

212 chanisms developed recently one can name the Coulomb (near-field, dipolar) mechanism for nanostructur

213 ame charge, demonstrating that the resulting coulomb number may indeed be reduced for systems of limi

214 ike structure, which we denote as frustrated Coulomb pair that results in an interesting adsorption e

215 We argue that disorder-enhanced Coulomb pair-breaking (which usually destroys supercondu

216 The method is free of adjustable Coulomb parameters, and has no double counting issues in

217 ties such as pressure in systems of screened Coulomb particles to experimental measurements.

218 hey form a highly unusual magnetic state--a "Coulomb phase"--whose excitations are point-like defects

219 may be cast as a prototypical theory of the Coulomb phase.

220 e and the spin liquid have been described as Coulomb phases, governed by an emergent gauge principle.

221 eased by crystallization in strongly coupled Coulomb plasmas(8,9), and the measured cooling delays co

222 perience the orbit-orbit interaction through Coulomb polarization to form spatially extended states t

223 te Carlo method to investigate the effect of Coulomb potential and the nonadiabatic subcycle ionizati

224 harged and massless fermion in an attractive Coulomb potential as realized in graphene.When the conti

225 In addition, we identify the Coulomb potential as the sole cause of the measured angl

226 the electron wave packet is affected by the Coulomb potential as well as by the laser field.

227 tive that charges are free from their mutual Coulomb potential because we would expect rich vibration

228 ides a high dielectric environment where the Coulomb potential between charges is mitigated.

229 onadiabatic ionization is accounted for, and Coulomb potential can be neglected only in the tunnel io

230 uced tensile strain perturbations mimics the Coulomb potential in a mesoscopic atom.

231 a quantum phase transition in the attractive Coulomb potential of vacancies in graphene, and further

232 oseconds, mainly by electron escape from the Coulomb potential over a barrier that is lowered by the

233 der Waals interfaces is the poorly screened Coulomb potential that can give rise to bound electron-h

234 ically much softer radical with a low onsite Coulomb potential U.

235 ts in an order-of-magnitude reduction in the Coulomb potential upon the formation of a large polaron,

236 massless Dirac fermion in an attractive 1/r Coulomb potential.

237 as testing the rotational invariance of the Coulomb potential.

238 a topological analysis of the electrostatic (Coulomb) potential obtained from a single density functi

239 ansitions between eigenstates or distort the Coulomb potentials that define them.

240 We demonstrate that Coulomb pre-stress (the cumulative CST from multiple ear

241 Hence Coulomb pre-stress calculated for non-planar faults is a

242 Heterogeneity in Coulomb pre-stresses across the fault system is >+/-50 b

243 lan formula and using a value of 0.1 for the Coulomb pseudopotential, mu*.

244 o-step process is required to transfer nETqe coulombs (qe is the absolute value of the elemental elec

245 rd model) when the on-site electron-electron Coulomb repulsion (U) is much larger than the nearest-ne

246 sed by either Mott physics that captures the Coulomb repulsion among charges, or Hund physics that al

247 m a staggered ABAB stacking that reduces the Coulomb repulsion among the stripes.

248 Strong Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbit coupling are known to g

249 ionic repulsion to the Thomas-Fermi screened Coulomb repulsion and to the Born-Mayer valence electron

250 e layer to the next, at odds with any simple Coulomb repulsion argument.

251 Coulomb repulsion between adjacent ions is found to be t

252 e of the mobile H2 layers is to decrease the Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged hydroge

253 ible in organic semiconductor devices due to Coulomb repulsion between the two charges.

254 decreasing pH and salt concentration, due to Coulomb repulsion by charged residues.

255 ng hard-sphere system (alphaBc) and screened Coulomb repulsion combined with short-range attraction (

256 may be averted due to a screened long-range Coulomb repulsion intrinsic to disordered q1D materials.

257 In most unconventional superconductors, Coulomb repulsion is minimized through the formation of

258 e smaller than in graphene while the on-site Coulomb repulsion is reduced to a lesser extent.

259 band Hubbard model, in which the short-range Coulomb repulsion leads to a k-space differentiation bet

260 y functional theory calculations including a Coulomb repulsion parameter U, we explore the topologica

261 n spin-orbit coupling, bandwidth and on-site Coulomb repulsion stabilizes a J(eff) = 1/2 spin-orbital

262 s, where the insulating gap is driven by the Coulomb repulsion U on the transition-metal cation, and

263 rocess: barrierless cage opening followed by Coulomb repulsion-driven fragmentation.

264 aired electrons minimize their strong mutual Coulomb repulsion.

265 by a factor of up to 1.4 was observed due to Coulomb repulsion.

266 re example of superconductivity from on-site Coulomb repulsion.

267 mber of electrons interact by the long range Coulomb repulsion.

268 ion charges to reduce the contributions from Coulomb repulsions, as well as from the cooling effect o

269 Based on Coulomb's Law alone, electrostatic repulsion between two

270 While Coulomb's law predicts the size-dependent trend, it over

271 Coulomb's law reproduces the measured CSPs optimally wit

272 Contrary to the simple expectations from Coulomb's law, Weinhold proposed that anions can stabili

273 t by Henri Cavendish(1) and the discovery of Coulomb's law.

274 Over 200 years after Coulomb's studies, a general connection between the mech

275 itions to the effects of charge-trapping and Coulomb scalability in memory nanodevices.

276 component of the polariton provides a finite Coulomb scattering cross section, such that the differen

277 Due to multiple Coulomb scattering inside the measured object it has sho

278 n is polaron formation, but the magnitude of Coulomb screening is typically an order of magnitude wea

279 y saturated as the protein size exceeded the coulomb screening length of the electrolyte.

280 This type of polaron allows efficient Coulomb screening of an electron or hole by extended ord

281 719 dye into TiO2 is dominated by long-range Coulomb screening of the final states of the excitonic t

282 e image simulations to determine the role of Coulomb self-fields and image charges.

283 , and instead induces a strongly fluctuating Coulomb spin liquid with defect-induced frozen magnetic

284 ted from ionic lattices by a decrease in the Coulomb stabilization of small ion clusters, and by irre

285 roscopy measurements on the particles show a Coulomb staircase that is correlated with the measured p

286 re change, initial seismicity locations, and Coulomb static stress transfer from seismicity earlier i

287 seismicity on critically stressed faults and Coulomb static stress transfer modeling reveals that ear

288 ough the approximation function and the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion.

289 elocity, till shears at its rate-independent Coulomb strength.

290 ree M >/= 3 foreshocks all produced positive Coulomb stress at the mainshock hypocenter.

291 red branching direction predicted by dynamic Coulomb stress calculations.

292 ries can be difficult to explain with simple Coulomb stress transfer (CST) because it is common for s

293 , moment deficit calculations and cumulative Coulomb stress transfer.

294 tes in response to tidal stresses, producing Coulomb stresses on the faults that are opposite in sign

295 round state of a two-dimensional (2D) random Coulomb system with logarithmic interactions.

296 ysical, and spectroscopic properties of semi-Coulomb systems such as ionic liquids.

297 sfer of qstep1 (= nETqe/(1 + AOECOE/ARECRE)) coulombs; the second step is associated with the diffusi

298 mula: see text], defined as the ratio of the Coulomb to Fermi energies.

299 m by which electrons and holes overcome this Coulomb trapping is still unsolved, but increasing evide

300 PEt3 ligands are shown to create an internal coulomb well that lifts the quantum states of the Ni9Te6