ライフサイエンスコーパス: crowding

1 pheral objects can be difficult to identify (crowding).

2 motors or more slowly (30 min) aggregated by crowding.

3 y to produce winged offspring in response to crowding.

4 er activated regions with maximal isochronal crowding.

5 y stimuli tailored for the global aspects of crowding.

6 riments reveal a prominent role of molecular crowding.

7 dings via binding interactions and molecular crowding.

8 enerates apical expansion and apical nuclear crowding.

9 tions as ionic strength is increased without crowding.

10 react with [Ge9{Si(TMS)3}3](-) due to steric crowding.

11 eeth, enamel and dentin hypoplasia, or teeth crowding.

12 cesses, including adsorption, desorption and crowding.

13 e micrometer scale, which we term organellar crowding.

14 ta, with a simple modification for chromatin crowding.

15 challenging situation with respect to steric crowding.

16 ts to greatly reduce spectral complexity and crowding.

17 l system for studying the effects of protein crowding.

18 g scaffolding, wedging, oligomerization, and crowding.

19 ofoundly different than that of steady-state crowding.

20 isolation or surrounded by flankers to give crowding.

21 ity of which is challenged by macromolecular crowding.

22 features and can contribute substantively to crowding.

23 vice versa with weak motion and strong color crowding.

24 formation is lost in the visual system under crowding.

25 ent of the entire display strongly modulated crowding.

26 t may instead be attributed to local protein crowding.

27 ividing, likely in response to neighbor-cell crowding [1-6].

28 r: 1) Little irregularity index for anterior crowding; 2) molar and canine class relationship; 3) pre

29 pounds are extremely sensitive to the steric crowding about the boron atom, pointing to the crucial i

30 Thermodynamic analysis indicates that crowding activation of Hsp90 is entropically driven, whi

31 Finally, we find that crowding activation works by a different mechanism than

32 of RNAP to DNA, not much is known about how crowding acts on late initiation and promoter clearance

33 previously demonstrated that macromolecular crowding affects association of RNAP to DNA, not much is

34 ular environment through the addition of the crowding agent BSA, but not by sucrose polymers.

35 eotide probe as functions of ionic strength, crowding agent concentration, and crowding agent species

36 uilibrium phase boundary to lower protein or crowding agent concentrations.

37 strength, crowding agent concentration, and crowding agent species using single-molecule CLiC micros

38 ration of 8 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG), a crowding agent.

39 upon binding, with polyethylene glycol as a crowding agent.

40 f facilitated diffusion of DBPs by molecular crowding agents and crowder-concentration-dependent enzy

41 solution conditions such as temperature and crowding agents consequently affect IDPs more than their

42 alts, viscosity enhancers or macro-molecular crowding agents has an impact on the physical properties

43 aining high concentrations of macromolecular crowding agents would give new insights into the structu

44 nt reports indicate that, in the presence of crowding agents, tau can undergo liquid-liquid phase sep

45 RNA and DNA duplexes in solutions with small crowding agents.

46 itro measurements in the presence of polymer crowding agents.

47 olyethylene glycol and yeast cell extract as crowding agents.

48 rough the metal component or the presence of crowding agents.

49 Protein crowding also affects bilayer properties, such as membra

50 Here, we investigated whether crowding also plays a role in age-related changes in rea

51 Protein crowding alters the sub-diffusive behavior of proteins a

52 reading speed (a decrease by 30%) and larger crowding: an enlargement of crowding zone (an increase b

53 ing an elaborate interplay between cytosolic crowding and ATP-driven motion that controls cellular fu

54 t-steps influenced by ambient conditions and crowding and by M. tuberculosis itself.

55 nt effects in RNA folding, such as molecular crowding and cotranscriptional kinetic effects, may ulti

56 estinal organoids by modifying intracellular crowding and elevating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.

57 how mushrooms tolerate and even benefit from crowding and explains their high water needs.

58 complexes are highly reactive due to steric crowding and few crystallographically characterizable Th

59 a molecular-level insight on the effects of crowding and host-guest interactions on azobenzene isome

60 f natural killer cells subjected to cellular crowding and hypoxia reveals widespread C-to-U mRNA edit

61 r extent, CD8-positive T cells upon cellular crowding and hypoxia.

62 Therefore, to capture such dynamic crowding and investigate its influence on transcription,

63 This process induces cargo crowding and inward membrane buckling, followed by const

64 This RNA editing is induced by cellular crowding and mitochondrial respiratory inhibition to pro

65 ent in spectral quality arising from reduced crowding and narrowed linewidths, and accurate analysis

66 crowding, including the correlation between crowding and saccades.

67 icability of the method: 1) the influence of crowding and shape on the lateral diffusion of proteins

68 virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission because of crowding and shared hygiene facilities.

69 ons from accepted theories of macromolecular crowding and show that cosolutes commonly used to mimic

70 Because Piezo1 senses both mechanical crowding and stretch, it may act as a homeostatic sensor

71 rises, which we interpret by alluding to ant crowding and subsequent jamming.

72 eightened risks associated with events where crowding and travel were most likely (2-week-lag inciden

73 ynamics were sensitive to the degree of cell crowding and were similar in neighbouring cells.

74 may include modifiable social (eg, poverty, crowding) and biological factors (not explored in this a

75 ther attention to infection control, patient crowding, and carriage surveillance is warranted.

76 mensionality, reaction type, reaction speed, crowding, and cell size.

77 isual area V2, approximated 'Bouma's Law' of crowding, and has subsequently been interpreted as a lin

78 retical models of one-dimensional transport, crowding, and jamming.

79 ors such as cytoskeleton, lipid composition, crowding, and molecular interactions deviate lateral dif

80 mbers were mode of delivery, infant feeding, crowding, and recent antibiotic use.

81 The effects of CA concentration, molecular crowding, and the conformational variability of CA are d

82 loss of low-frequency relaxations caused by crowding, and the jamming transition, which is related t

83 luding exposure to aphid alarm pheromone and crowding, and, in one experiment, we assessed whether th

84 ration water change as a function of protein crowding?; and (ii) upon hydrogel formation of gammaS-WT

85 cal properties such as pH and macromolecular crowding are essential to all molecular processes in cel

86 Contact resistance and current crowding are important to nanoscale electrical contacts.

87 tribution, but they induce the local current crowding around the voids: this local current crowding e

88 However, using visual crowding as a well-controlled challenge, we previously s

89 We discuss molecular crowding as an important driver of condensation in these

90 oncentration profiles show clear evidence of crowding as nuclei reach close-packing and are quantitat

91 transcription depends critically on dynamic crowding as the gene expression resultant from dynamic c

92 -neighbour distances, this study underscored crowding at all surveyed fish landing beaches, and ident

93 iposomes, lipid composition of the membrane, crowding at the membrane, and strength of MreB synthesis

94 chanism is strongly influenced by the steric crowding at the Pd catalyst by either a biaryl phosphine

95 So far unexplored, molecular crowding at the surface of synthetic cells emerges as an

96 Proliferation-induced cellular crowding at the tissue scale triggers tension heterogene

97 steady state where line tension and lateral crowding balanced.

98 height increases with cell surface molecular crowding but decreases with solution crowding by solutes

99 ble volume can be affected by macromolecular crowding, but the effects of crowding in cells are compl

100 Thus, crowding by either dynein microtubule binding domain or

101 the unstable intermediate states), and that crowding by large molecules reduces noise more efficient

102 olecules reduces noise more efficiently than crowding by small molecules.

103 lecular crowding but decreases with solution crowding by solutes, both of which we confirm with molec

104 s the gene expression resultant from dynamic crowding can be profoundly different than that of steady

105 se protein stability, recent work shows that crowding can destabilize proteins through transient attr

106 owding conditions in vivo, particularly that crowding can enhance the overall rates of channeled casc

107 t of a linear pathway, with the finding that crowding can have a redistributing effect on the effecti

108 from their observations that macromolecular crowding can lead to robustness in gene expression, resu

109 ferent sizes (actin and ATP), macromolecular crowding can modulate the kinetics of individual steps o

110 In cells, molecular crowding caused by the presence of organelles, proteins,

111 n be 13- to 163-fold higher in the molecular crowding cellular environment.

112 ty, switching free energy and macromolecular crowding collectively control riboswitch activation.

113 e with dyslexia all exhibit increased visual crowding, compared to adults without dyslexia.

114 estimated as survival probability under high crowding conditions based on neighborhood models.

115 mity can have a more pronounced effect under crowding conditions in vivo, particularly that crowding

116 It is essential to study RNA under molecular crowding conditions to better predict secondary structur

117 mode, feeding type, antibiotic exposure, and crowding conditions, in relation to respiratory tract mi

118 athic alpha-helices in response to increased crowding conditions, such as high concentrations of glyc

119 le-time-scale dynamics over a broad range of crowding conditions, we develop and test an integrated a

120 ses of the G-quadruplexes, under PEG-induced crowding conditions, with the corresponding mesophases o

121 embly of enzymes occurs even under cytosolic crowding conditions.

122 form of the holoenzyme, even under molecular crowding conditions.

123 matter inside cells, usually referred to as crowding conditions.

124 sp60 and Hsp70 chaperones are insensitive to crowding conditions.

125 ed the salt concentration and macromolecular crowding conditions.

126 ing on the microtubule lattice, with greater crowding converting the motor from minus end-directed to

127 tically and experimentally, for steady-state crowding densities; however, temporal changes in crowdin

128 ding densities; however, temporal changes in crowding density ("dynamic crowding") have yet to be int

129 s of human perception have characterized how crowding depends on the properties of a visual display.

130 This double dissociation reveals that crowding disrupts certain combinations of visual feature

131 dilute conditions used in these experiments, crowding does not impact probe-plasmid interactions once

132 Regions with isochronal crowding during the baseline rhythm were predictive of V

133 vidence that localized increases in cellular crowding during wound closure promote the extrusion of n

134 The "soft interactions" model of the crowding effect also explained the alteration in kinetic

135 The crowding effect in particular has received considerable

136 centuate transcriptional bursting due to the crowding effect of chromatin.

137 n insight into the mechanistic detail of the crowding effect, kinetic studies were conducted with var

138 at the reaction rate kon is increased by the crowding effect, while koff is changed only moderately.

139 ential implications for the understanding of crowding effects in the eye lens.

140 al representation of the chains predicts the crowding effects only for collapsed protein chains.

141 iscosities, along with possible PVP-mediated crowding effects, may explain the observed phenomena.

142 cle theory, commonly used for description of crowding effects.

143 odel of a HeLa cell to capture intracellular crowding effects.

144 e demonstrate that two-dimensional molecular crowding, emulated by the PEG molecules at the lipid bil

145 rowding around the voids: this local current crowding enhances the lateral void growth and coalescenc

146 Here, we demonstrate that macromolecular crowding enhances the rate of late initiation and promot

147 iverse biopolymers, creating a heterogeneous crowding environment, the impact of which on RNA folding

148 for target-flanker similarity (with reduced crowding for dissimilar target/flanker elements).

149 We examined crowding for motion and color, two features that allow a

150 show that macaque monkeys exhibit perceptual crowding for target orientation that is similar to human

151 nonplanar structure that arises from steric crowding, forcing the amide side groups out of plane wit

152 nts growing linearly in time - and suggested crowding from cell division at the apical surface drives

153 ential is better compensated when counterion crowding happens.

154 Our results show that crowding has a strong effect on the initial concentratio

155 Models of such "crowding" have generally been driven by the phenomenolog

156 mporal changes in crowding density ("dynamic crowding") have yet to be integrated with gene expressio

157 rthermore, this enhancement was sensitive to crowding - high surface loading reduced conjugates' abil

158 arginalised community with intense household crowding, highlights the need for coordinated, interdisc

159 ppressor p53 is necessary and sufficient for crowding hypersensitivity.

160 ibility of reducing LOS, triage time, and ED crowding in addition to improving the experience of pati

161 physiological protein levels upon molecular crowding in buffers that resemble physiological conditio

162 macromolecular crowding, but the effects of crowding in cells are complex and difficult to track.

163 n of the Gaussian bending rigidity and their crowding in concert with the transmembrane cargo on the

164 ey responded differently to manipulations of crowding in Experiment 2.

165 ing interest in understanding macromolecular crowding in living cells and their effects on protein fo

166 34E amantadine-resistant mutant despite some crowding in the binding site by the glutamates.

167 of the catalyst structure, caused by steric crowding in the catalyst pocket of one enantiomeric tran

168 ower the energy cost associated with protein crowding in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

169 We hypothesize that protein crowding in the OXPHOS system imposes packing stress on

170 effects caused by confinement and molecular crowding in the spatial organization of the chromosome.

171 t to solvation inhomogeneities and molecular crowding in these concentrated fluids.

172 of winged offspring produced in response to crowding in this polyphenism.

173 Our results demonstrate that macromolecular crowding in two dimensions can play a significant role i

174 The probe with the highest sensitivity to crowding in vivo yields the same macromolecular volume f

175 ecision account for much of the variation in crowding, including the correlation between crowding and

176 Our results suggest that crowding increases with age.

177 or laboratory work, demonstrating how visual crowding increases with eccentricity and extending this

178 ause milder water deficit and macromolecular crowding induce high alpha-helix levels in vitro, sugges

179 The crowding induced stability originates from the entropic

180 come: stretch induces cell division, whereas crowding induces extrusion.

181 le changes in CA concentration and molecular crowding influencing self-assembly and the ensemble of s

182 cial crowders, required to simulate cellular crowding, introduce overwhelming interferences to mass s

183 to Klp9 molecules, suggesting that molecular crowding inversely correlates to cell size and might hav

184 We show that molecular crowding is a key factor in explaining the switch from O

185 Crowding is a profound loss of discriminability of visua

186 g is rather stable and that the stability of crowding is a stronger predictor for lifespan than the a

187 Although crowding is a ubiquitous phenomenon, since elements are

188 Importantly, macromolecular crowding is able to partially rescue G4Q from unfolding.

189 However, when crowding is introduced via 10% 8 kDa PEG, interactions b

190 Dynamic crowding is pertinent to nuclear biology because process

191 or long-term FRET measurements, we show that crowding is rather stable and that the stability of crow

192 s electrostatic control explains how protein crowding is spontaneously maintained at a constant level

193 -type cells causes their compaction and that crowding is sufficient for scrib(KD) cell elimination.

194 A central rule of crowding is that it is stronger when the target and the

195 Crowding is the deleterious influence of surrounding obj

196 bject-selective mechanism predicts that when crowding is weak for one feature and strong for the othe

197 riven microtubule sliding can be reversed by crowding it with non-Cut7 proteins.

198 Instead, molecular crowding itself completely alters the mechanism by which

199 At higher crowding levels, the nucleoid becomes spherical, and its

200 With increasing macromolecular crowding levels, the precision of particle picking remai

201 igher along the long axes of the cell at low crowding levels.

202 ger predictor for lifespan than the absolute crowding levels.

203 (young children, sexual activity, household crowding, low income) probably increase the risk of acqu

204 the degree of cellular hydration, molecular crowding, magnitude of turgor, and cellular integrity.

205 hild pneumonia (non-exclusive breastfeeding, crowding, malnutrition, indoor air pollution, incomplete

206 Age-related changes in crowding may in part explain slower reading in older adu

207 ations between reading speed and each of the crowding measures.

208 ealed that at the same membrane tension, the crowding mechanism requires far higher protein coverage

209 determined their dynamic features within the crowding membrane environment using live-cell fluorescen

210 Here I review colloid osmotic pressure as a crowding metric.

211 that protein interactions and the extent of crowding modulate the lifetimes of the excited state in

212 erefore, this work demonstrates that dynamic crowding nontrivially alters transcription kinetics and

213 s critical biophysical insights into nuclear crowding, nucleic acid based pharmaceutical development,

214 t shows the transition from overscreening to crowding of counterions at the interface at the highest

215 We also show that dilncRNAs drive molecular crowding of DDR proteins, such as 53BP1, into foci that

216 an organisational phenotype that represents crowding of function in one hemisphere, or a reversal of

217 ion, and demonstrates how the macromolecular crowding of RPBs at the ribosome exit site enhances the

218 allenge is how to parameterize the degree of crowding of the cell interior or artificial solutions th

219 ked difference is attributable to the lesser crowding of the di-isopropylphosphino-substituted cataly

220 umed to be anomalous due high macromolecular crowding of the milieu.

221 Crowding of the subcellular environment by macromolecule

222 Crowding of the viral interior influences the DNA and pr

223 ps at the nitrogen, which surpass the steric crowding of triisopropylamine considerably, were prepare

224 roscopy allows us to quantify the effects of crowding on a comprehensive set of observables simultane

225 he study found that the effects of molecular crowding on both conformational dynamics and catalytic f

226 lyze and predict the effect of intracellular crowding on enzymatic reactions and was herein applied t

227 rein applied to investigate the influence of crowding on phosphoglycerate mutase in Escherichia coli,

228 al approaches to test the effect of synaptic crowding on receptor movement and positioning in Sprague

229 pleted to determine the effects of molecular crowding on RNA duplexes of varying lengths and sequence

230 Here, we investigate the influence of crowding on the interaction between two IDPs that fold u

231 is known about the effect of macromolecular crowding on the interactions of IDPs with their cellular

232 bility to formally investigate the effect of crowding on the main outcome.

233 tic changes in organellar volume, leading to crowding on the micrometer scale, which we term organell

234 of stepping direction is the degree of motor crowding on the microtubule lattice, with greater crowdi

235 ported significant effects of macromolecular crowding on the structure and behavior of biomolecules.

236 The effect of molecular crowding on the structure and function of Escherichia co

237 ggregate, rather than through macromolecular crowding or diffusion-limitations.

238 eraction, or by the global environment (e.g. crowding or phase separation).

239 tic influence of curvature on the collective crowding or spreading of tissue-synthesizing cells induc

240 Macromolecular crowding ought to stabilize folded forms of proteins, th

241 sibility, which objectively demonstrates the crowding out of professional mainstream sources by the p

242 bon innovation of ETS firms by 5-10% without crowding out their other technology innovation.

243 Consistent with these hypotheses, crowding out was driven by those who donated higher amou

244 roborates the mediating role of attention in crowding out.

245 exyl phthalate metabolites [p=0.014]), house crowding (p=0.015), and facility density around schools

246 nates from the entropic effect caused by the crowding particles in the system.

247 In crowding, perception of an object deteriorates in the pr

248 Our goal was not to model all crowding phenomena, such as the release from crowding wh

249 I discuss the implications of a low crowding pressure inside cells for phase separation biol

250 Our results show that macromolecular crowding reduces noise (as measured by the kurtosis of t

251 We found that the amount of crowding required to induce membrane curvature is correl

252 an age-dependent increase in macromolecular crowding resulting from water loss may be responsible fo

253 sponds to changes in hydration and molecular crowding, revealing an unexpected mode of globally progr

254 We suggest that conventional crowding rules only hold when target and flankers are ar

255 's schooling, number of goods, and household crowding), self-esteem, oral health beliefs, and frequen

256 rster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based crowding-sensitive probes and investigate the role of th

257 Using a macromolecular crowding sensor optimized for long-term FRET measurement

258 or one feature and strong for the other that crowding should be all-or-none for both.

259 viral origin are upregulated in response to crowding solely in highly inducible genotypes.

260 Altogether, we demonstrate that crowding, spatial localization, and saccadic precision s

261 We describe in detail the crowding, sticking, and quinary structure in the cell an

262 develop pericardial edema when challenged by crowding stress or exposed to elevated cortisol stress,

263 ery conditions and in response to an applied crowding stressor.

264 al reports that underlie performance in this crowding task more generally: aggregate errors cannot be

265 more detailed readouts on the macromolecular crowding than a single sensor.

266 ion between the two IDPs is less enhanced by crowding than expected for folded proteins of the same s

267 arameters consistent with the extreme steric crowding that previously has given unusual (C5Me5)(-) re

268 can affect processes ranging from acuity and crowding (the deleterious effect of clutter on object re

269 eripheral vision is fundamentally limited by crowding, the deleterious effect of clutter that disrupt

270 Crowding, the inability to recognize objects in clutter,

271 Upon self-crowding, the population of this robust surface hydratio

272 alphaS can be tuned by two-dimensional (2D) crowding through simultaneous binding of a second protei

273 19) show how the nematode C. elegans detects crowding to change feeding behavior by coupling pheromon

274 he effective membrane viscosity or molecular crowding upon membrane bending.

275 By enhancing intracellular crowding using osmotic and mechanical compression, we sh

276 al questions regarding the effect of protein crowding, using gammaS-WT and gammaS-G18V: (i) how do th

277 Intracellular crowding varies upon stimulation by different types of e

278 The degree of crowding was determined by measuring crowding zone (the

279 Risk of crowding was independent of the population at the landin

280 The multiplicity of crowding was then tested with observers identifying both

281 In contrast, when crowding was weak for color and strong for motion, error

282 Finally, the effects of crowding were explored in the context of a linear pathwa

283 crowding phenomena, such as the release from crowding when target and flanks differ in color or depth

284 ty of Hsp90 is highly sensitive to molecular crowding, whereas the ATPase activities of Hsp60 and Hsp

285 ia is prone to apoptotic cell extrusion upon crowding, whereas the pendant counterpart favors live ce

286 volume and subsequent increase in molecular crowding which severely alters the biophysical propertie

287 we can reliably replicate measures of visual crowding, which depends on a precise calculation of visu

288 Crowding with conspecifics drives a behavioural transfor

289 network architecture resisted macromolecular crowding with polyethylene glycol and blocked ATP-powere

290 We therefore compared crowding with two measures of spatial localization: Land

291 in vitro all the probes can be compressed by crowding, with a magnitude that increases with the probe

292 transcription kinetics and presents dynamic crowding within the bulk nuclear nanoenvironment as a no

293 Experimentally, increasing crowding within the compact layer cardiomyocytes augment

294 30%) and larger crowding: an enlargement of crowding zone (an increase by 31%) and shrinkage of the

295 gree of crowding was determined by measuring crowding zone (the distance between a target and flanker

296 lion cells (RGCs) underlying Ricco's area or crowding zone is estimated by computing the product of R

297 by computing the product of Ricco's area (or crowding zone) and RGC density for a given target locati

298 ction (Ricco's area) and object recognition (crowding zone) are measured at various target locations.

299 We first compared the size of crowding zones with the precision of saccades using an o

300 sequently been interpreted as a link between crowding zones, receptive field scaling, and our percept