ライフサイエンスコーパス: crude oil

1 tens of thousands of individual components (crude oil).

2 are presently also only obtained from fossil crude oil.

3 able energy alternative to fossil fuel based crude oil.

4 itan marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, to crude oil.

5 atly in chemical composition to conventional crude oil.

6 ucts that cannot be produced on the basis of crude oil.

7 tacyclic triterpanes) naturally occurring in crude oil.

8 ex materials or mixtures, such as biomass or crude oil.

9 responding to each step of the processed and crude oil.

10 activity, including via methanogenesis from crude oil.

11 pacts due to large use of solvents made from crude oil.

12 to depend on the phospholipid content of the crude oil.

13 found even in waters minimally polluted with crude oil.

14 ty of these ecosystems and the complexity of crude oil.

15 GMO content at the first stage of processing crude oil.

16 L) and monitored for measures of exposure to crude oil.

17 y decreased with increasing viscosity of the crude oil.

18 a drive to reduce the world's dependence on crude oil.

19 ly extract water-soluble constituents of the crude oil.

20 eter to analyze the asphaltene fraction of a crude oil.

21 ith emissions in literature for conventional crude oil.

22 rmed in the laboratory from evaporated light crude oil.

23 ble of oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds in crude oil.

24 vapors of diesel fuel and Southern Louisiana crude oil.

25 y needed to analyze complex mixtures such as crude oil.

26 ies for more efficient pipeline transport of crude oil.

27 nt in the ultimate transformation of spilled crude oil.

28 nabling the reduction of free fatty acids in crude oils.

29 duction-weighted CI of groups ("baskets") of crude oils.

30 ques and the inherent chemical complexity of crude oils.

31 other reports of methanogenesis from lighter crude oils.

32 to as coverage time) was determined for the crude oils.

33 ive study of highly complex mixtures such as crude oils.

34 Using lower concentrations of dispersed crude oil (0.7-7 mug/L summation operatorPAH), here we e

35 ounds that are generally minor components of crude oil (~0.1-15.0 wt %) but dominate the composition

36 Using a recalcitrant biomarker of crude oil, 17alpha(H),21beta(H)-hopane (hopane), we have

37 vae exposed to the highest concentrations of crude oil (89.8 mug/L) exhibited an increased occurrence

38 demonstrate a cardiotoxic mechanism by which crude oil affects the regulation of cellular excitabilit

39 ozoans are likely to interact with dispersed crude oil after a spill, protozoan-mediated processes af

40 orbed organic layer on surfaces contacted by crude oil after primary drainage was observed with Scann

41 fied to exhibit oil-wet conditions through a crude oil aging process.

42 dered a suitable and effective way to digest crude oil allowing further determination of low concentr

43 online LC-FTICR MS coupling in the field of crude oil analysis.

44 f the scheme to the Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil and analysis of fractions by comprehensive two

45 post fertilization were exposed to weathered crude oil and assessed for visual function using an opto

46 position to known volumes of different oils; crude oil and diesel samples were equilibrated with seaw

47 HG) emissions for three scenarios (synthetic crude oil and dilbit with and without diluent return) in

48 nitor the microbial community changes to the crude oil and dispersant in on-ship microcosms set up im

49 rometry, GC/APCI-MS/MS) for fingerprinting a crude oil and environmental samples from the largest acc

50 fuel, only surrogate signatures derived from crude oil and fuel were used for training the ANN.

51 a promising diagnostic probe to characterize crude oil and its products.

52 ith the analysis of black shale, asphaltene, crude oil and kerogen samples.

53 digested solution (black shale, asphaltene, crude oil and kerogen) by extraction in isooctane, and t

54 through 2050, varying assumptions related to crude oil and natural gas prices, a CO2 policy, a federa

55 ng matrices in oil and gas industry, such as crude oil and oil-brine emulsions.

56 <2000 Da) such as those present in petroleum crude oil and petroleum deposits.

57 sfully illustrated the extreme complexity of crude oil and related solubility or polarity based fract

58 porated, photooxidized) samples of North Sea crude oil and residual heavy fuel oil is presented.

59 The derailment of an unmanned train carrying crude oil and subsequent fire in the town of Lac-Meganti

60 iesel could potentially reduce dependence on crude oil and the greenhouse gas intensity of transporta

61 ter drew global attention to the toxicity of crude oil and the potential for adverse health effects a

62 Crude oil and the WSF are composed of thousands of other

63 are carboxylic acids naturally occurring in crude oils and bitumen and are suspected to be the prima

64 tures of carboxylic acids found in weathered crude oils and oil sands, and are toxic, corrosive and p

65 tant role in the mass spectrometric study of crude oils and other natural samples.

66 sults of this study clearly demonstrate that crude oils and refined petroleum products contain numero

67 in addition to narcosis certain chemicals in crude oils and refined petroleum products may induce spe

68 the relationships between characteristics of crude oils and the oils' response to low-salinity water

69 trometry (GC-MS), although many compounds in crude oil (and its transformation products) are not chro

70 fuels: heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, and a crude oil, and different lignocellulosic biomass, namely

71 dditives for bulk construction materials and crude oil, and in water remediation.

72 ults reveal that the source of the TBs is BH crude oils, and the model results confirm that the sourc

73 tances Society standard, as well as Siberian crude oil; and lignosulfonate.

74 ining, transport, and combustion of produced crude oil are included.

75 clic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in crude oil are known to impair visual development in fish

76 different standard substances and with heavy crude oil as a complex real life sample.

77 nergy water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a crude oil as a function of the exposure to light.

78 ) juvenile mahi-mahi (27-85 mm) could detect crude oil as an olfactory cue and that oil-exposure did

79 cts that can be manufactured on the basis of crude oil, as well as such products that cannot be produ

80 easurement of dissolved methane in petroleum crude oil at high and variable combinations of pressure

81 rmance must be evaluated using site-specific crude oil at reservoir conditions.

82 lies critically on the miscibility of CO2 in crude oils at reservoir conditions.

83 inant role of CO(2) -reducing methanogens in crude oil biodegradation.

84 tene aggregates can form a thin layer at the crude oil-brine interface through noncovalent interactio

85 Crude oil buried in intertidal sands may be exposed to a

86 adecane) and alkane mixtures (mineral oil or crude oil), but not monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MA

87 Profiling of coal tar and crude oil by automated sequential GC-GC/MS provided the

88 ence Material (NIST SRM) 2779 Gulf of Mexico crude oil by GC coupled to vacuum ultraviolet photoioniz

89 Egestion of faecal pellets containing crude oil by heterotrophic dinoflagellates could contrib

90 ra of SOA formed from gas-phase oxidation of crude oil by OH radicals in a smog chamber and a flow tu

91 Toxicity from exposure to crude oil can affect populations of fish that live or br

92 train laden with almost 8 million liters of crude oil careened off the rails downtown Lac-Megantic (

93 d analysis of PM emissions from a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) using a distillate ECA fuel (MG

94 able to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude oil causes severe abnormalities in embryos and lar

95 to 90% of oil shales and approximately 1% of crude oil, co-localise with diagnostic geolipids from th

96 Another crude oil collected from the Marlin platform (35 km nort

97 lations that controlled degradation rates of crude oil components are poorly understood.

98 cterization providing better coverage of the crude oil composition as compared to electrospray ioniza

99 At a crude oil concentration commonly found after an oil spil

100 The chemical refining of crude oil consisted of degumming, neutralization, washin

101 ch for efficient ionization of water-soluble crude oil constituents.

102 nol offers the possibility of a reduction in crude oil consumption by as much as 96%.

103 Because crude oils contain larger amounts of C(1)-C(4)-substitut

104 In crude oil contaminant plumes, the dissolved organic carb

105 In addition, the biodegradation products of crude oil contaminants are complex, and transformation p

106 epwater Horizon oil rig disaster resulted in crude oil contamination along the Gulf coast in sensitiv

107 Crude oil contamination in marine systems remains a conc

108 gest that the production of the more viscous crude oils could be a large source of secondary organic

109 Z-:E-butene mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking.

110 Crude oil currently provides much of the world's energy,

111 cal dispersants aimed to stimulate microbial crude oil degradation by increasing the bioavailability

112 ochemical systems (BESs) can be effective in crude oil degradation by integrating biological and elec

113 re successfully employed to absorb simulated crude oil, demonstrating their possible use as absorbent

114 on are more sensitive to proximal effects of crude oil-derived chemicals on the developing heart, and

115 depletion of intracellular calcium pools by crude oil-derived PAHs disrupts several pathways critica

116 large predators were potentially exposed to crude oil-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs

117 2O2) were evaluated for heavy and extraheavy crude oil digestion (API density of 11.1-19.0).

118 A method for heavy and extraheavy crude oil digestion based on microwave-assisted wet dige

119 acid digestion is not feasible for efficient crude oil digestion, especially for heavy and extraheavy

120 omarkers as induced by natural weathering of crude oil discharged from the Macondo Well (MW).

121 Effects of crude oil/dispersant mixture and dispersant components o

122 the contribution of chemical dispersants on crude oil dispersion toxicity have been published.

123 Crude oil disrupts cardiac function and has been associa

124 s of the EC coupling machinery suggests that crude oil disrupts excitation-transcription coupling or

125 cation of physically or chemically dispersed crude oil droplets (1-86 mum in diameter) by heterotroph

126 The interactions between crude oil droplets and air bubbles were studied by the d

127 ime was measured for air bubbles approaching crude oil droplets in different aqueous phases.

128 Furthermore, the time needed for crude oil droplets to spread over the air bubble surface

129 ntaining aromatic compounds in a deasphalted crude oil due to its unique selectivity toward aromatic

130 Mahi exposed to crude oil during embryogenesis displayed typical symptom

131 y and ecologically important fish species to crude oil during the sensitive early life stages.

132 l to the formation of highly-stable water-in-crude oil emulsions.

133 a new approach to identifying the origin of crude oils encountered in coastal environments by provid

134 (13)C benzene, and Colwellia's abundance in crude oil enrichments without natural gas suggests that

135 Recent studies have shown that crude oil exposure affects cardiac development in fish b

136 Crude oil exposure also decreased calcium current (I(Ca)

137 g that PAHs are the main toxic compounds for crude oil exposure is misleading and does not result in

138 nd quantity of Roundup Ready (RR) soybean in crude oil extracted from soybean seed with a different p

139 s: an atmospheric pollutant (p-nitrophenol), crude oil extracts, and groundwater.

140 In addition, its dependence on crude oil feedstock makes the plastic industry unsustain

141 ous metal poisons (e.g. V, Fe and Ni) in the crude oil feedstocks on the 3-D structure and accessibil

142 ootprints of producing: MD from conventional crude oil; Fischer-Tropsch MD from natural gas and coal;

143 During the Deepwater Horizon incident, crude oil flowed into the Gulf of Mexico from 1522 m und

144 The change in profile of crude oil following a release into the environment is a

145 and 80 mug oil/L (0.1 and 0.8 mug EPAH/L) of crude oil for 8 days and used a novel approach to measur

146 bons and offers an alternative to the use of crude oil for chemical feedstocks.

147 Viscous crude oil fouled on a fabric under a dry state was clean

148 The more commonly performed methods of crude oil fractionation are often insufficient in the ex

149 method applications include FTMS analysis of crude oil fractions as well as tandem MS analysis of int

150 e to process either very heavy or very light crude oil fractions as well as to co-process biomass-bas

151 rocess biomass-based oxygenates with regular crude oil fractions, and convert these more complex feed

152 composed of clay and zeolite, converts heavy crude-oil fractions into transportation fuel and petroch

153 can rapidly expand upon localized release of crude oil from natural seepage and human activities.

154 As a proof-of-concept, a batch of crude oil from Saudi Arabia was subjected to extraction

155 ncentrations ranged from 0.24 to 8.46 ppm in crude oil from the riser, oil from slicks on surface wat

156 These data suggest that heavily weathered crude oil from the spill imparts significant biological

157 zontal drilling have been applied to extract crude oil from tight reservoirs, including the Bakken fo

158 Crude oils from distinct geological sources worldwide ar

159 data 12 out of 2906 specimens (0.41%) to the crude oil/fuel signature category.

160 Studies of exposure to petroleum (crude oil/fuel) often involve monitoring benzene, toluen

161 d blood level data on individuals exposed to crude oil/fuel, only surrogate signatures derived from c

162 sphaltene radical species typically found in crude oil (g = 2.0035) and a new type of radical resulti

163 rtant for the mass spectrometric analysis of crude oils, given the mainly unpolar character of the sa

164 The dissolved gas content of the crude oil has a direct impact on the saturation and grow

165 Crude oil has been part of the marine environment for mi

166 ies of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) from crude oil have concluded that polycyclic aromatic hydroc

167 sify oil samples into four broad categories: crude oil, heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, and lubricati

168 he refining reduced the acidity index of the crude oil, however, favored the oil oxidation, as demons

169 al hydrocarbon feedstocks as alternatives to crude oil; however, CO has proven remarkably resistant t

170 rst hours after release of petroleum at sea, crude oil hydrocarbons partition rapidly into air and wa

171 phytoplankton are better tuned to degrading crude oil hydrocarbons than that by the community of pla

172 ng the dissolved hydrocarbons from different crude oils (i.e., types "Barrow", "Goodwyn", and "Saladi

173 onally sensitive and consistent indicator of crude oil impacts.

174 Reduced crude oil imports and associated marine vessel emissions

175 diene layers enabled the direct detection of crude oil in a deionized water matrix at the ppm level t

176 hi-mahi (15-45 mm) to avoid two dilutions of crude oil in a two-channel flume.

177 es the pore-scale displacement mechanisms of crude oil in aged carbonate rocks using novel engineered

178 ponse of indigenous microbial communities to crude oil in the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea (E. Med.

179 n-only microcosm mimics solar irradiation of crude oil in the environment after an oil spill.

180 nts to the reproductive effects of dispersed crude oil in the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gu

181 hane reserves and the forecasted shortage of crude oil in the not too distant future, the conversion

182 d biological process influencing the fate of crude oil in the sea after spills.

183 search for alternative feedstocks replacing crude oil in traditional refineries.

184 erial produced during the upgrading of heavy crude oils, including bitumen.

185 Our study indicates that crude oil ingestion by heterotrophic dinoflagellates is

186 the transcriptional basis for four discrete crude oil injury phenotypes in the early life stages of

187 r is able to extract large hydrocarbons from crude oil into aqueous solution.

188 he accidental release of millions barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

189 releasing an estimated 760 million liters of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico.

190 eleased approximately 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2010, over

191 disaster released more than 636 million L of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico.

192 eolite and clay crack the heavy fractions in crude oil into transportation fuel and petrochemical fee

193 ere we report a method for the separation of crude oils into discrete compound classes.

194 Also, we observed that compounds of Siberian crude oil ionizing in positive-ESI mode do not have labi

195 Thus, direct chemical sensing of crude oil IR signatures without any sample preparation a

196 Deepwater Horizon crude oil is comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbo

197 behavioral response of fishes in response to crude oil is critical to predicting the effects of oil s

198 Crude oil is currently transported primarily by pipeline

199 Crude oil is known to disrupt cardiac function in fish e

200 ng after photoionization for the analysis of crude oils is shown.

201 he first solid paraffin crystal appears in a crude oil, is one of the key flow assurance indicators i

202 that leverages the inherent fluorescence of crude oils, is faster than conventional technologies, an

203 The detailed compositional analysis of four crude oils (light to heavy, from different geographical

204 Nevertheless, the complexity of crude oil makes its thorough analysis a difficult task.

205 The high complexity of crude oil makes the use of chromatographic separation an

206 Microbial desulfurization of crude oil may be an important metabolism for Epsilonprot

207 the craniofacial abnormalities suggests that crude oil may target common craniofacial and cardiac pre

208 ctions (WAFs) of dilbit and two conventional crude oils, medium sour composite and mixed sweet blend,

209 This property is invoked to adsorb crude oil microdroplets from water using polyester polyu

210 LS fish exposed to the aqueous fraction of a crude oil mixture is commonly observed in studies exposi

211 0.1-5 mug/L) without being part of a complex crude oil mixture.

212 The fractionation of crude-oil mixtures through distillation is a large-scale

213 ) of BR and proximate compositions (protein, crude oil, moisture, ash and fiber content) of RB.

214 by using acetic acid as a model compound of crude oil molecules.

215 during 15-17 July 2012 as well as samples of crude oils, namely, Cairn, NIKO, MSC Chitra, and two at

216 Application of the method to five crude oils of varying API gravity (12.1-38.3 degrees ) d

217 In this study, we examined the impacts of crude oil on cardiomyocyte contractility and electrophys

218 ng study of the effects of Deepwater Horizon crude oil on fish, Gulf killifish ( Fundulus grandis ) w

219 e water accommodated fraction (WAF) of fresh crude oil on phototactic behavior of the calanoid copepo

220 The ''in situ burning" of trapped crude oil on the surface of Gulf waters during the 2010

221 supplemented in the form of either diesel or crude oil) on PFAS recovery performance was evaluated fo

222 ted with pipeline transport as a function of crude oil parameters, pipeline dimensions, and external

223 el simulations of a blow out of 4500 m(3) of crude oil per day (Statfjord light crude) for 30 days at

224 TransCanada's proposed international crude oil pipeline route over sensitive, relatively pris

225 op a first-principles, fluid mechanics-based crude oil pipeline transportation emissions model (COPTE

226 Two of the largest crude oil-polluted areas in the world are the semi-enclo

227 pill, protozoan-mediated processes affecting crude oil pollution in the sea are still not well known.

228 tuarine ecosystems are highly susceptible to crude oil pollution.

229 us fronts; a situation that is made worse by crude-oil pollution.

230 ions in the CO2 emissions on a per barrel of crude oil processed) can be achieved in a medium convers

231 rent production of benzene is primarily from crude oil processing, but due to the abundant availabili

232 HG emissions per MJ (lower heating value) of crude oil produced, an increase of 15% relative to upstr

233 The latter occur during crude oil production as well as spills and cause difficu

234 Recent efforts to model crude oil production GHG emissions are challenged by a l

235 alues of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crude oil production, or are not available for public re

236 ial and environmental issues associated with crude oil production.

237 y representing a more comprehensive range of crude oil quality and refinery configuration, using publ

238 Further enhancement of crude oil recovery in the enhanced recovery stage from c

239 ximately 4.4 g CO2e/MJ for U.S. conventional crude oil recovery.

240 Os (1.62 +/- 0.15) of commercially available crude oil reference material NIST 8505 (1 S.D., n = 6).

241 ns the chemically uncharacterized remains of crude oil refinement, and one or more of these unidentif

242 gy of these bacteria and how they respond to crude oil remains poorly understood.

243 Alberta oil sands, the world's third-largest crude oil reserve, requires fresh water from the Athabas

244 Depletion of crude oil resources and environmental concerns have driv

245 dic devices etched into glass and exploiting crude oil's natural fluorescence have been successfully

246 mass split and other common mass splits in a crude oil sample.

247 bazoles, sulfones, and thiophenes from small crude oil samples ( approximately 0.5 g).

248 molecular level between native and weathered crude oil samples and reveal enrichment in polar compoun

249 reening of different classes of compounds in crude oil samples based on their solubility in solvents

250 the analysis of lubricating mineral oil and crude oil samples by ultra-high-resolution Fourier trans

251 Here, we show that crude oil samples collected from the DWH spill prolonged

252 yphaena hippurus) embryos to field-collected crude oil samples from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disast

253 radical species from tar balls and weathered crude oil samples from the Gulf of Mexico (collected aft

254 ill enable more frequent characterization of crude oil samples.

255 nding to multiple different m/z regions from crude oil samples.

256 f the polar constituents of liquid petroleum crude oil samples.

257 easurement results (e.g., ASTM D6560) for 38 crude-oil samples from around the world.

258 for the measurement of asphaltene content in crude-oil samples.

259 re an additional 6-17 g CO(2)eq/MJ synthetic crude oil (SCO) (all results are on a HHV basis).

260 re examined, including bitumen and synthetic crude oil (SCO) from both surface mining and in situ pro

261 il sands bitumen into high quality synthetic crude oil (SCO), a refinery feedstock.

262 7)Os geochronology may be applied to natural crude oil seepage to determine when petroleum generation

263 urement condition, for ultrahigh-sensitivity crude oil sensing.

264 While the crude oil severely impacted the phytoplankton population

265 ) emissions in 2025, for four projected U.S. crude oil slates.

266 dation of DOSS and dispersed South Louisiana crude oil (SLC) in laboratory microcosms.

267 Bioremediation is a low-cost approach for crude oil spill remediation, but it is often limited by

268 Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation thre

269 Aqueous crude oil spills expose fish to varying concentrations o

270 rom coal and higher contributions from heavy crude oils, tar sands bitumen, and petroleum coke.

271 gestion, especially for heavy and extraheavy crude oils that generally present high amounts of asphal

272 chemical complexity, the solid component of crude oil, the asphaltenes, poses an exceptional challen

273 potential since, instead of consuming fossil crude oil, the fuels are produced from carbon dioxide us

274 Therefore for a live crude oil, the relatively heavier fractions of oil are r

275 d nonthermal membrane fractionation of light crude oil through a combination of class- and size-based

276 In addition, the feedstock shift from crude oil to biomass involves new challenges in developi

277 as natural sunlight enhances the toxicity of crude oil to embryonic mahi-mahi.

278 rs corroborate a predominant contribution of crude oil to the sinking hydrocarbons.

279 elemental compositions for the Macondo well crude oil, to provide an archive for future chemical ana

280 to the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of crude oil, to respond to chemical alarm cue (CAC) using

281 ter understanding of molecular mechanisms of crude oil toxicity in fish.

282 igh temperatures, and their vulnerability to crude oil toxicity is unknown.

283 ounds that co-occur and likely contribute to crude oil toxicity.

284 ly accounted for the full variability in the crude oil transport stage, for example, transporting a l

285 nd fluorescence from the organic residues in crude oil under constant external excitation.

286 imately 10% for 100-RON E30) and (ii) reduce crude oil use (e.g., approximately 3% for 98-RON E20, ap

287 ts on refining economics, CO2 emissions, and crude oil use of increasing average octane rating by inc

288 d has also been employed for the analysis of crude oils using IMS-TOF MS.

289 of volatile and semivolatile hydrocarbons in crude oil, using Shushufindi oil from Ecuador as an exam

290 estigated SOA formation from South Louisiana crude oil vapors reacting with OH in a Potential Aerosol

291 field soil samples impacted with Shushufindi crude oil was 83% and 98% for DRO and PAH, respectively.

292 In this study, crude oil was extracted by heating and filtering of the

293 The crude oil was refined by the following steps: degumming

294 of the oxygenated products that result from crude-oil weathering, which are difficult to degrade.

295 In 2010, 4.9 million barrels of crude oil were released into the northern Gulf of Mexico

296 Eight crude oils were investigated, and some aspects of the in

297 exposed to fresh and artificially weathered crude oil, were determined.

298 hoto-oxidation produces ketones/aldehydes in crude oil when exposed to solar radiation in laboratory

299 ethod that enables Os isotope measurement of crude oil with in-line Os separation and purification fr

300 ed asphaltenes from North and South American crude oils with ruthenium ion catalysed oxidation to cha