ライフサイエンスコーパス: cryptic

1 be named 'cryptic', 'pseudocryptic' or 'non-cryptic'.

2 ors, where their functions remain relatively cryptic.

3 oci encoding RiPPs but whose products remain cryptic.

4 s indicate that 1-2% of species may be truly cryptic.

5 ograft endothelium, autoantigens are usually cryptic.

6 , resides 5 base pairs upstream of otherwise cryptic -10 elements.

7 n the beta(IVS2-654)-globin pre-mRNA such as cryptic 3' splice site, aberrant 5' splice site, cryptic

8 SF3B1 mutations induce use of cryptic 3' splice sites (3'ss), and these splicing error

9 branchpoint recognition leading to usage of cryptic 3'-splice sites and subsequent aberrant junction

10 1, that correlated with significant usage of cryptic 3'ss known to be utilized in mutant SF3B1 expres

11 r, it is unclear how widespread this type of cryptic 3'ss usage is in cancers and what is the full sp

12 UGP1 as the molecular defect responsible for cryptic 3'ss usage.

13 To understand how cryptic 3'SSs are selected, we performed comprehensive a

14 e species exploit social defences or produce cryptic acoustic signals, deep-diving beaked whales, wel

15 ure within Caribbean acroporids and detect a cryptic Acroporid species in the Pacific.

16 MY's de novo actin nucleation activity via a cryptic actin-binding sequence near JMY's N terminus, an

17 Thus, cryptic activation of the +41-kb Irf8 enhancer in dendri

18 ally improved density estimates by informing cryptic activity (home range) center transiency and impr

19 er more narrowly defined species making the 'cryptic' addition to 'species' redundant.

20 l coincident binding mechanism mediated by a cryptic adhesion complex between TENs and LPHNs regulate

21 99 recurrent gene fusions, 57% of which are cryptic adjacent gene rearrangements (AGRs).

22 e inhibition of beta-catenin via targeting a cryptic allosteric modulation site.

23 the first evidence, to our knowledge, for a cryptic allosteric site in CTX-M-9 beta-lactamase.

24 ctures of arsenic-bound p53 mutants reveal a cryptic allosteric site involving three arsenic-coordina

25 er of this approach, we apply it to discover cryptic allosteric sites in two different beta-lactamase

26 oteins, the DNA unwinding activity of Bad is cryptic and can be unmasked by inactivating the intrinsi

27 Both cryptic and conspicuous species in this group presented

28 ium/long wavelength sensitive opsins both in cryptic and conspicuous species of this primate family.

29 ment associations, thereby creating a fairly cryptic and fine-scale dimension of niche differentiatio

30 f aberrant splice sites and the insertion of cryptic and premature terminal exons.

31 coralline algal species are morphologically cryptic and their diversity has been globally underestim

32 Many of these organisms are rare, cryptic, and severely threatened, making population-leve

33 ting an important role for autoantibodies to cryptic antigens as novel accelerators of kidney dysfunc

34 We discovered that the cryptic appBCX genes, predicted to encode a cytochrome b

35 permissive conditions for the expression of cryptic autoantigens, allowing these autoantibodies to b

36 llowed transcription of an early termination cryptic axon, resulting in truncated, nonfunctional mRNA

37 Due to their cryptic behavior, the detection of bed bugs often necess

38 and a thiophene-carboxamide, ML402-define a cryptic binding pocket unlike other ion channel small-mo

39 ee-dimensional (3D) genome organizer CTCF at cryptic binding sites, in conjunction with DNA cytosine

40 ction and characterization of allosteric and cryptic binding sites, which can be rendered "druggable"

41 ther signaling pathways that are governed by cryptic binding surfaces.

42 ty of these heterotypic nucleosomes augments cryptic binding surfaces.

43 oughput elicitor screening (HiTES) to access cryptic, bioactive metabolites.

44 uggests that the plight of this component of cryptic biodiversity is more dire than previously consid

45 Significantly, Cripto-1 and Cryptic blocked binding of their cognate ligands to type

46 -target engineered U7 snRNAs targeted to the cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer, U7

47 tic 3' splice site, aberrant 5' splice site, cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer.

48 the gene encoding cytochrome c (M) (CytM), a cryptic c-type heme protein widespread in cyanobacteria.

49 arate-dependent dioxygenases that generate a cryptic C7 beta-hydroxyl on each of the ent-kauranol and

50 y a single biosynthetic machinery, featuring cryptic C7 oxidations at the B-rings that transform the

51 es on the differentiation of lamellocytes, a cryptic cell type, dedicated to pathogen encapsulation a

52 m response transcription factor binding to a cryptic cis-element.

53 In a longitudinal study, cryptic CLas infections that remained subclinical visual

54 ature termination of numerous transcripts at cryptic cleavage/polyadenylation sites in first introns.

55 ically, most TF on cell surfaces exists in a cryptic coagulant-inactive state but are transformed to

56 ultiple linked but recombining loci underlie cryptic color morphs of Timema chumash stick insects.

57 However, we found no correlation between cryptic coloration and symmetrical wing surface loss acr

58 catch due to their inaccessible habitats and cryptic coloration.

59 We do so by measuring the genetic basis of cryptic colouration and survival in a field experiment w

60 beta receptors, indicating that Cripto-1 and Cryptic contact ligands at their receptor interaction su

61 to compare the diversity and composition of cryptic coralline algal assemblages at sites that differ

62 -reducing bacteria, which is involved in the cryptic cycling of sulfur in ODZs.

63 hat solvent exposure and redox regulation of cryptic cysteine residues contextually delineate redox s

64 ons indicated widespread redox regulation of cryptic cysteine residues that are solvent exposed only

65 wo distinct modes by which EGF specified the cryptic cysteine residues that became solvent exposed an

66 The resulting naivety has made this cryptic, deep-diving cetacean highly susceptible to dist

67 n ecological studies, reveals a key role for cryptic diversity in structuring communities of mutualis

68 % of the species examined and likely reflect cryptic diversity, highlighting the need for revision in

69 f irreversible tPAINT probe that exposes its cryptic docking site permanently and thus integrates for

70 ging, we engineered reversible probes with a cryptic docking site revealed only when the probe experi

71 ion is supported by its coevolution with the cryptic donor site in primate species.

72 donor activity to an upstream, out-of-frame, cryptic donor.

73 Several metastable conformations present a cryptic drug-binding pocket near the allosteric site tha

74 Our structures reveal cryptic druggable hot spots in the shallow inhibitor bin

75 t is widespread across eukaryotes, it can be cryptic due to nuclear suppression, highly variable, and

76 ies 2 (~521 Ma), suggesting a protracted but cryptic earlier history that possibly extends into the P

77 CD68(+) cells (macrophages/monocytes) as the cryptic EBOV reservoir cells in the vitreous humour and

78 Many of these mutations were cryptic, either exonic alterations of splice enhancers o

79 ialine) thrive in this globally distributed, cryptic environment is poorly understood.

80 seldom able to disentangle the influence of cryptic environmental variation from that of evolutionar

81 ation, EGFRvIII, and that makes accessible a cryptic epitope characteristic of cancer cells.

82 Presentation of this cryptic epitope in an RBD-based vaccine might advantageo

83 ysine with arginine at 378th position of the cryptic epitope of a Shanghai isolate, hCoV-19/Shanghai/

84 g TNF reporter is based on the exposure of a cryptic epitope on the C terminus of the transmembrane p

85 exposure of the distally located, partially cryptic epitope.

86 It enhances exposure of partially cryptic epitopes on the trimer and increases sensitivity

87 /12 CD4(+) T(EM) cell epitopes, but not with cryptic epitopes, induced HSV-specific polyfunctional IF

88 ns of genetic variation can reveal otherwise cryptic evolutionary and landscape processes.

89 native splicing that results in inclusion of cryptic exon CE3 and translation of truncated AR protein

90 w 5' splice site, resulting in splicing to a cryptic exon with a premature termination codon.

91 unique splice isoforms which contain 15 new cryptic exons.

92 Ichnological analysis can thus resolve cryptic features of contourite drift depositional settin

93 requires cell-generated forces, which expose cryptic FN-FN binding sites buried in FN Type III domain

94 c adaptations associated with climate in two cryptic forest bats.

95 n other terpene cyclases indicates that this cryptic function is broadly conserved among the greater

96 We suggest that this cryptic function is chemoprotective for the cell by regu

97 nsights into the catalytic mechanism of this cryptic function.

98 obustness properties, due the persistence of cryptic gene and pathway functions, to generate variatio

99 These so-called silent or cryptic gene clusters are sources of new natural product

100 informatic analysis have identified numerous cryptic gene clusters that have the potential to produce

101 ediation effects suggests a critical role of cryptic gene regulation underlying many disease traits.

102 tebrate gene repertoire is characterized by "cryptic" genes whose identification has been hampered by

103 Cryptic genetic clades were resolved that previous work

104 date loci associated with colony morphology, cryptic genetic structure, and apparent bleaching suscep

105 We also found many loci associated with cryptic genetic structure, yet relatively few loci assoc

106 ental system drift driven by accumulation of cryptic genetic variants.

107 Cryptic genetic variation can facilitate adaptation in e

108 Here, we identify a cryptic guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain

109 oad repertoire of naive T cells specific for cryptic H1-HA peptides and demonstrate that antigen proc

110 e refining our ability to decipher otherwise cryptic human-mediated species translocations across the

111 luable tool to investigate the prevalence of cryptic hybridisation in the wild.

112 K enhancer region, we detected 10 additional cryptic IGK juxtapositions to CCND3 (6 cases) and CCND2

113 posure of a plasminogen-binding site that is cryptic in FXII-WT.

114 of harvest pressure, with plants being more cryptic in heavily collected populations.

115 se distinct ligand conformations delineate a cryptic inhibitor envelope that expands the observed foo

116 By analogy with the three cryptic inscriptions of the classical Rosetta Stone, the

117 iv) integrative-conjugative elements and (v) cryptic integrated elements.

118 We show that cryptic interaction sites play a key role in this proces

119 c tagging and survey data we reveal rare and cryptic interactions between these predators at a shared

120 The aim of this study was to (i) test if cryptic interchromosomal rearrangements of larger chromo

121 Phylogenetic analyses revealed the cryptic introduction of at least seven different SARS-Co

122 into the downstream gene body incorporates a cryptic intron required for repression of that gene.

123 duced, two of which arise from excision of a cryptic intron within the amyloid-forming repeat (RPT) d

124 Our analyses show that lncRNAs containing cryptic introns are targeted by the conserved Pir2(ARS2)

125 d mechanism mediates gene repression through cryptic introns within lncRNAs.

126 anum t-22, we identified and characterized a cryptic IPKS-containing cluster that synthesizes trichol

127 e leading edges of leader cells, but also in cryptic lamellipodia in submarginal cell rows NHE1 expre

128 leading edges of leader cells, as well as to cryptic lamellipodia in submarginal cell rows.

129 ssessing the biodiversity of morphologically cryptic lineages can be problematic, yet may be crucial

130 Cryptic lineages within Dall's, spectacled and Pacific h

131 However, the presence of cryptic lineages within the upwelling zone cannot be eas

132 The cryptic 'lost years' of sea turtles challenge conservati

133 N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) hydrolase and cryptic lysine acetyltransferase activities.

134 This may be a common but cryptic mechanism that facilitates cycling of volatiles

135 s approach opens new opportunities to reveal cryptic mechanisms of postcopulatory sexual selection am

136 We conclude that rare cryptic mega-NUMTs can resemble paternally mtDNA heterop

137 into the ecology, evolution, and mobilome of cryptic members of the oral microbiome, our study reveal

138 activity-HiTES, has the potential to uncover cryptic metabolites with desired biological activities t

139 ar analyses to demonstrate the presence of a cryptic methane cycle in sulfate-reducing sediments from

140 compounds driven methane production drives a cryptic methane cycling and fuels AOM coupled to the red

141 Here, we show that cryptic microbial sulfate reduction occurs in sinking pa

142 Therefore, cryptic microclimatic variations at the scale of a singl

143 Cryptic minor variant mycobacterial subpopulations exist

144 ures, I demonstrate a potential influence of cryptic minority subgroups that may illuminate the empir

145 We show how cryptic molecular properties and conformational variatio

146 gh somatic mosaicism has been postulated, as cryptic mosaicism cannot be detected from mutational scr

147 ver-represented amongst its targets, and the cryptic nature of many of these clusters appears to stem

148 tion and the Set3 HDAC coordinately suppress cryptic ncRNA transcription initiation internal to mRNA

149 n this organelle has proven difficult due to cryptic NifD degradation.

150 Our analysis revealed cryptic nonamers in RSSs of many mammalian genomes, thus

151 We reveal previously overlooked cryptic nonamers in the recombination signal sequences o

152 ow here that APA products include a class of cryptic nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) substrates wi

153 ription, replication, etc.) can expose these cryptic off-target sites to Cas9 activity, highlighting

154 Cryptic or cautious antipredator behaviour slows travel

155 scopy, and electron microscopy to identify a cryptic, or hidden, Se cycle involving the reoxidation o

156 nly a single peptide expressed from both the cryptic ORF and wild-type genomes, suggesting a potentia

157 econd synthetic genome in which 71 conserved cryptic ORFs were simultaneously disrupted is viable but

158 ed, leaving intact only the 82 conserved but cryptic ORFs.

159 nism-specific, may have highly divergent and cryptic orthologs in other species.

160 However, recent advances in understanding cryptic oxygen cycling, namely the ubiquitous one-electr

161 y (MALDI-MS) for the rapid identification of cryptic peptide natural products.

162 broadly applicable tool for the discovery of cryptic peptides encoded in microbial genomes.

163 to recognize naturally processed as well as cryptic peptides spanning the whole H1-HA sequence.

164 modeling research to accelerate discovery of cryptic phenological patterns, to understand their cause

165 We illustrate how capturing cryptic phenology can advance scientific understanding w

166 ble-headed to normal morphology, revealing a cryptic phenotype that is not apparent unless the animal

167 riation among orthologous proteins can cause cryptic phenotypic properties that only manifest in chan

168 rgue that conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is needed for understanding and

169 lar chromosome (CC), linear chromosome (LC), cryptic plasmid (pAt), and tumor-inducing plasmid (pTi),

170 The cryptic plasmid is important for chlamydial colonization

171 The cryptic plasmid pCM is critical for chlamydial colonizat

172 s from non-S. aureus spp. into an indigenous cryptic plasmid, suggesting a mechanism for interspecies

173 More than 94% of gonococci possess the cryptic plasmid, with its absence correlated with the pr

174 chromosome and frequently carrying numerous cryptic plasmids - their genomes are often pockmarked wi

175 cterized the conjugative, beta-lactamase and cryptic plasmids.

176 shown to have been caused by an increase in cryptic poaching, we discuss two additional independent

177 Here, we report efforts to exploit a cryptic pocket (H95/Y96/Q99) we identified in KRAS(G12C)

178 This cryptic pocket forms far more frequently in molecular dy

179 ents validate our prediction that preventing cryptic pocket opening decreases the affinity of M1-sele

180 conformation coincides with the opening of a cryptic pocket that accommodates thyroxine (T(4)) throug

181 design of subtype-specific drugs exploiting cryptic pockets that open in certain receptors but not i

182 rmational switches, allosteric coupling, and cryptic pockets.

183 f allosteric communication and features like cryptic pockets; both of which present new therapeutic o

184 utilizes its autophosphorylated noncatalytic cryptic polo-box (CPB) to phase separate and generate a

185 end cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA) from cryptic polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns.

186 n of stathmin-2 pre-messenger RNA, uncover a cryptic polyadenylation site whose utilization produces

187 Cryptic polyadenylation within coding sequences (CDS) tr

188 tongue as expected, two genomes represent a cryptic population of R. mucilaginosa in many buccal muc

189 ets from 15 cancer types, identifying 129 TE cryptic promoter-activation events involving 106 oncogen

190 t a fraction of chromatin-sensitive internal cryptic promoters initiates the transcription of alterna

191 ing the action of a promiscuous activator on cryptic promoters is a critical mechanism for specifying

192 th most genomic DNA prevents initiation from cryptic promoters.

193 w spliced exons activated transcription from cryptic promoters.

194 Overall, we demonstrate that functional and cryptic prophages represent a diversity of genetic seque

195 chment of integrase and transposase genes in cryptic prophages.

196 owing to non-specific symptoms, chronic and cryptic protean clinical manifestations, and lack of cli

197 ere intercellular forces drive exposure of a cryptic protease site within a juxtamembrane proteolytic

198 , this species complex can equally be named 'cryptic', 'pseudocryptic' or 'non-cryptic'.

199 However, the role of cryptic rare mosquito species in malaria transmission is

200 ected in An. funestus, An. gambiae and eight cryptic rare species.

201 ts and propose that this can be explained by cryptic reassortment.

202 ding how the mammalian homologs Cripto-1 and Cryptic recognize and regulate TGF-beta family ligands,

203 Cryptic regulatory elements within TEs can be epigenetic

204 opose a kinship visualization tool to detect cryptic relatedness between subjects.

205 jects that are genetically too similar, e.g. cryptic relationships, or that are genetically too diffe

206 n Bcr late in development and stimulates its cryptic RhoA-GEF activity, which functions together with

207 e only notable exception is the toxin-linked cryptic satellite phage of Vibrio cholerae, TLCPhi, whic

208 Elucidating this cryptic Se cycle is essential for understanding and pred

209 ncing "main cells" and ~40 more functionally cryptic "secondary cells." Inhibition of bone morphogene

210 Our results suggest a recent cryptic seed dispersal barrier and/or zone of secondary

211 it is riddled with genetic errors, including cryptic sense/antisense promoters and translation, atten

212 sequences and can be discriminated based on cryptic sequence variation.

213 ength and gene content, from highly degraded cryptic sequences to intact, functional prophages that r

214 Random oxidative modification of cryptic side chains exposed by mechanical unfolding can

215 the canonical E2 site, demonstrate that the cryptic Site 1 is associated with thioester formation, w

216 sect a putative allosteric network linking a cryptic site at the dimerization interface to enzyme fun

217 sites are selectively used in lieu of these cryptic sites has remained unexplored.

218 Cryptic sites were also examined.

219 y and disease may nevertheless be subject to cryptic spatial variation, so ignoring spatial processes

220 (Monotropa, Hypopitys), which indicates that cryptic speciation may be occurring in several lineages.

221 dale diversity in order to identify possible cryptic speciation.

222 e revealed an unforeseen hidden diversity of cryptic species among microscopic marine benthos, otherw

223 m Placozoa is harboring an unknown number of cryptic species and has become a challenge for modern sy

224 The 37 currently recognized Bemisia tabaci cryptic species are economically important species and c

225 the wild, but we did not find evidence that cryptic species are less likely to be attacked while at

226 ily on provisioning to ensure the viewing of cryptic species by the public.

227 tophthora species, with the dominance of two cryptic species close to Phytophthora heveae.

228 Recently, a cryptic species definition was suggested for those speci

229 Our results uncover cryptic species diversity and refine the borders of seve

230 otential of novel, uncharacterized Anopheles cryptic species in western Kenya.

231 first time, reports extensive new Anopheles cryptic species involved in the malaria transmission in

232 sive inventory suggests that the presence of cryptic species is a widespread phenomenon and that furt

233 t often morphospecies consist of clusters of cryptic species that can be identified genetically or mo

234 ns attributed to Bd have been reported among cryptic species undergoing direct development away from

235 Here, we describe M. decorus: a group of cryptic species within the M. guttatus species complex t

236 vel effects that would be missed by ignoring cryptic species' identities.

237 ion between overall microbial diversity with cryptic species, further indicate that the secondary end

238 The results suggest two cryptic species, herein named population Northeast BR1 a

239 owever, is often incomplete, particularly in cryptic species.

240 l aspects were not observed within these new cryptic species.

241 events preceded secondary sympatry of these cryptic species.

242 ophila suzukii, is a complex of at least two cryptic species.

243 'Cryptic' species are an emerging biological problem that

244 ture: on one hand, they can be considered a 'cryptic' species complex due to their overall similarity

245 present study, show the unsuitability of a 'cryptic' species concept because the degree of crypticit

246 ansformation of exclusively molecular-based 'cryptic' species into morphologically-defined 'pseudocry

247 nous were later demonstrated to be multiple (cryptic) species with a different developmental mode.

248 sms, and one of these is the activation of a cryptic splice site at the expense of a canonical splice

249 riant generated by alternative splicing at a cryptic splice site in exon 7.

250 ouse models of the R47H variant introduced a cryptic splice site, leading to nonsense mediated decay.

251 he frequency with which the spliceosome uses cryptic splice sites and identified two alleles in core

252 tified 264 genes where transposons introduce cryptic splice sites into the nascent transcript and the

253 me distinguishes authentic splice sites from cryptic splice sites is poorly understood.

254 null phenotype due to leakiness (e.g. use of cryptic splice sites or downstream AUGs).

255 rrant splicing have revealed the presence of cryptic splice sites within the halpha-globin gene trans

256 s, the method identified 32 potential exonic cryptic splice variants, two of which were experimentall

257 ome can aberrantly select nearby pseudo- or "cryptic" splice sites, often resulting in nonfunctional

258 insic mechanisms to reduce the occurrence of cryptic splicing and that these mechanisms are distinct

259 y disrupted RNA splicing and an excess of 5' cryptic splicing events.

260 n core spliceosome component Prp8 that alter cryptic splicing frequency.

261 sage differs significantly, likely caused by cryptic splicing variation within VNTRs.

262 However, despite a clear effect on cryptic splicing, high-throughput mRNA sequencing of the

263 ion of noncoding genetic variants that cause cryptic splicing.

264 tudies promise to reveal rare cell types and cryptic states, but the high variability of single-cell

265 revealing a possible commitment point and a cryptic stochasticity in an otherwise invariant C. elega

266 -mediated protein cleavage, which produces a cryptic tethered agonist (termed Stachel (stinger)), and

267 tions, have been neglected because they are "cryptic"-that is, hidden from view (e.g., root productio

268 rs with MYC or BCL2 rearrangements that were cryptic to breakapart FISH.

269 A gene cluster encoding a cryptic trans-acyl transferase polyketide synthase (PKS)

270 c tumor model, DNA demethylation upregulates cryptic transcript expression in a HIF-dependent manner,

271 cry, we observe low DNA methylation and high cryptic transcript expression in tumors with high immune

272 an, expanding the functional consequences of cryptic transcription and proteome complexity.

273 e prematurely transcribed, presumably due to cryptic transcription early in infection.

274 Cryptic transcription is widespread and generates a hete

275 TSS) and chromatin dynamics, we observed the cryptic transcription of thousands of treatment-induced

276 iral transactivation factor, suggesting that cryptic transcription produces the transcripts that then

277 d sensitivity to hydroxyurea and activates a cryptic transcription reporter, suggesting that FACT and

278 ique GBP2 transcript variant by activating a cryptic transcription start site within LTR12C.

279 To improve our understanding of cryptic transcription, we investigated their transcripti

280 We define the 5' and 3' boundaries of cryptic transcripts and show that, contrary to RNA degra

281 In line with such cryptic transcripts being more prone to cause double-str

282 We show that chromatin-sensitive cryptic transcripts can be recognized by ribosomes and m

283 ow that TSSs of chromatin-sensitive internal cryptic transcripts retain comparable features of canoni

284 sites, inducing HIF-dependent expression of cryptic transcripts.

285 razil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions.

286 Within this work, we identified a cryptic type II PKS gene cluster (skt) from Streptomyces

287 or (VWF)-platelet aggregates by cleaving the cryptic Tyr(1605)-Met(1606) bond in the VWF A2 domain.

288 the power of UbV technology for identifying cryptic Ub-binding sites within large multiprotein compl

289 Populations with cryptic variation accumulated neutral or deleterious mut

290 Populations with cryptic variation evolved adaptive genotypes with greate

291 requirement and vice-versa, suggesting that cryptic variation in the endoderm GRN may be tuned by op

292 ansient developmental diapause also underlie cryptic variation in the requirement for SKN-1 in endode

293 We report widespread cryptic variation in the requirement for two key regulat

294 Such nongenetic cryptic variation may provide a resource of additional p

295 In doing so, cryptic variation opens paths to adaptive genotypes, cre

296 and higher fitness than populations without cryptic variation, which converged on similar genotypes.

297 apsicum annuum) are all infected with Pepper cryptic virus 1 (PCV-1; family Partitiviridae).

298 rates a positive relationship between Pepper cryptic virus 1 and jalapeno pepper (Capsicum annuum) pl

299 stimates for pumas (Puma concolor) and other cryptic, wide-ranging large carnivores is challenging.

300 is not clear if these differences are due to cryptic wSuz polymorphism, host background, geographical