ライフサイエンスコーパス: cryptochrome

1 yases) or as UV-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes).

2 amolecular flavin-tryptophan radical pair in cryptochrome.

3 this very role in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cryptochrome.

4 tomorphogenic development by phytochrome and cryptochrome.

5 imulations on plant ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) cryptochrome.

6 as predominantly dependent on blue light and cryptochrome.

7 h photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes.

8 cal spin energy-levels of radicals formed in cryptochromes.

9 e diversity of electron-transfer pathways in cryptochromes.

10 ifferentiates aCRY from plant and Drosophila cryptochromes.

11 ient to generate a protein response in plant cryptochromes.

12 adical, as found previously in animal type I cryptochromes.

13 blue light photoreceptors phytochrome B and cryptochromes.

14 tochrome to photoreaction pathways in animal cryptochromes.

15 The circadian transcriptional repressors cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) and 2 (Cry2) evolved from photolya

16 Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediate

17 phosphorylation facilitated interaction with Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and nuclear entry of the PER2-CRY1

18 The photoreceptor Cryptochrome 1 (cry1) is essential to the induction of g

19 e studying blue light-independent effects of cryptochrome 1 (cry1) photoreceptor, we observed prematu

20 Recently, the blue light receptor CRYPTOCHROME 1 (CRY1) was shown to positively regulate s

21 tability via degrading the circadian protein cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), a known target of DDB1 E3 ligase.

22 , a red/far-red absorbing photoreceptor, and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), a UV-A/blue photoreceptor.

23 ), neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), as part of the same complex as RO

24 We measured period 2 (Per2), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), brain and muscle arnt-like protei

25 The mammalian clock protein, cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), is degraded via the FBXL3-mediate

26 hat this regulation is mediated primarily by cryptochrome 1 (CRY1).

27 complex, defined by the core clock proteins cryptochrome 1 (CRY1):CLOCK:BMAL1, plays an important ro

28 at can also contain the blue-light receptors CRYPTOCHROME 1 and CRYPTOCHROME 2.

29 uced FADH(.) radical in isolated Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 by transient absorption spectroscopy on n

30 variations in the core circadian clock gene cryptochrome 1 in 15 unrelated multigenerational familie

31 light-sensitive proteins opsin (OPN)5 and/or cryptochrome 1, because populations of OPN5-positive and

32 psis cryptochromes, Blue light Inhibitors of Cryptochromes 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), inhibit cryptochr

33 er phototropins 1 and 2 (phot1 and phot2) or cryptochromes 1 and 2 (cry1 and cry2) exposed to a backg

34 We identified BIC1 (blue-light inhibitor of cryptochromes 1) as an inhibitor of plant cryptochromes

35 approach, termed Clustering Indirectly using Cryptochrome 2 (CLICR), for spatiotemporal control over

36 In previous work, we used cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and CIB1, Arabidopsis proteins tha

37 ced dimerization between two plant proteins, cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and the transcription factor CIBN,

38 ollability of CRY2-based optogenetic systems.Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) can form light-regulated CRY2-CRY2

39 Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) can simultaneously undergo light-d

40 Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) is a blue light receptor that medi

41 Here we show that photoexcited Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) is phosphorylated in vivo on as ma

42 Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) mediate blue light inhibition of h

43 ptogenetic system using Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) protein and the N-terminal domain

44 We found that Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) undergoes blue light-dependent hom

45 The Arabidopsis photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) was previously used as an optogene

46 that a mammalian circadian rhythm component, Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), regulates E2F family members.

47 tion/oligomerization property of A. thaliana Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2).

48 ent interactions with engineered Arabidopsis Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2).

49 Previous work has demonstrated that cryptochrome 2 (Cry2)/cryptochrome-interacting beta heli

50 CLOCK and BMAL1 and the circadian repressor CRYPTOCHROME 2 abolishes photoperiodic responses in repr

51 tion via light-induced heterodimerization of cryptochrome 2 and a dCas9-CIBN fusion protein.

52 saltator and show the clock genes period and cryptochrome 2 are rhythmically expressed in both tissue

53 Transcript encoding cryptochrome 2 declined in high light while some transcr

54 genetic method based on Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2 for rapid and reversible protein oligomer

55 to simultaneously suppress a mammalian-type cryptochrome 2 gene that promotes the diapause program.

56 Heterologous self-association domain cryptochrome 2 promotes formation of PFK-1.1 condensates

57 DNA-binding domain with the light-sensitive cryptochrome 2 protein and its interacting partner CIB1

58 us feedback between Par domain protein 1 and Cryptochrome 2 then orchestrates expression of downstrea

59 photosensitive protein Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 2, the light-inducible homo-interaction of

60 l the different strategies, we find that the cryptochrome 2-integrated approach to achieve light-indu

61 the blue-light receptors CRYPTOCHROME 1 and CRYPTOCHROME 2.

62 -induced transcription of BICs to inactivate cryptochromes 548 III.

63 In both cases, the presumed receptor is cryptochrome, a protein thought to be responsible for ma

64 the basis of the activity of the animal-like cryptochrome aCRY in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinha

65 lue and red light exposure, this animal-like cryptochrome (aCRY) alters the light-dependent expressio

66 The animal-like cryptochrome (aCRY) of the green alga Chlamydomonas rein

67 We conclude that cryptochrome activation is consistent with a mechanism o

68 In plant protoplasts, cryptochrome activation results in rapid increase in ROS

69 nd ROS accumulate in the plant nucleus after cryptochrome activation.

70 Mutant cryptochrome alleles that are non-functional in photomor

71 Recently, it has been shown that cryptochromes also synthesize reactive oxygen species (R

72 Recent evidence has implicated cryptochrome, an evolutionarily conserved flavoprotein r

73 ydomonas throughout) has both an animal-like cryptochrome and a plant cryptochrome (pCRY; formerly de

74 ctroscopy on several variants of animal-like cryptochrome and density functional theory for band assi

75 pendent of the fly's circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome and is solely caused by a small visual orga

76 ght absorbing photoreceptors phytochrome and cryptochrome and mediated by hormones such as auxin and/

77 roteins act as transcriptional activators of Cryptochrome and Period genes, which encode proteins tha

78 molecular mechanisms of interaction between cryptochrome and phytochrome photoreceptors.

79 reinhardtii with sequence homology to animal cryptochromes and (6-4) photolyases.

80 tein-protein interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes and common signaling molecules of these ph

81 1 in mammals mirrors the interaction between cryptochromes and Cop1 in planta, pointing to a common a

82 Thus, the interaction between cryptochromes and Det1 in mammals mirrors the interactio

83 tron transfer (ET) chain found in most other cryptochromes and DNA photolyases, which comprises a con

84 ed electron transfer is a robust property of cryptochromes and more intricate than commonly anticipat

85 Cryptochromes and photolyases are flavoproteins that und

86 veal a mechanism underlying the co-action of cryptochromes and phytochromes to coordinate plant growt

87 volutionarily conserved in the C terminus of cryptochromes and that class III PDZ-binding sites are s

88 ) radicals of PS II, hole-hopping in RNR and cryptochrome, and engineering proteins for long-range ET

89 unusual bent configuration in photolyase and cryptochrome, and such a folded structure may have a fun

90 ssical photoreceptors, such as phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins, ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-

91 lizing flavin adenine dinucleotide) domains, cryptochromes, and phytochromes, enabling control of ver

92 oth photoreceptors, such as phytochromes and cryptochromes, and sugar production by photosynthesis.

93 ransfer reactions in Drosophila melanogaster cryptochrome are indeed influenced by magnetic fields of

94 o-induced flavin-tryptophan radical pairs in cryptochrome are indeed magnetically sensitive.

95 s and the magnetic sensitivity of Drosophila cryptochrome are interpreted in terms of the radical pai

96 to this assumption, we found that mammalian cryptochromes are also negative regulators of CRL4(Cop1)

97 Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that regulate var

98 Cryptochromes are blue light receptors with multiple sig

99 Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that regulate dev

100 In mammals, cryptochromes are core components of the circadian clock

101 All cryptochromes are currently classified as flavoproteins.

102 In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), cryptochromes are encoded by a multigene family, compris

103 Cryptochromes are evolutionarily conserved blue light re

104 Animal and plant cryptochromes are evolutionarily divergent, although the

105 Cryptochromes are flavin-binding proteins that act as bl

106 Cryptochromes are flavin-containing blue/UVA light photo

107 Cryptochromes are flavoproteins encountered in most vege

108 Cryptochromes are flavoproteins that act as sensory blue

109 Cryptochromes are flavoproteins that drive diverse devel

110 Cryptochromes are flavoproteins, structurally and evolut

111 Cryptochromes are known as flavin-binding blue light rec

112 Type I animal cryptochromes are photoreceptors that entrain an organis

113 In plants, cryptochromes are photoreceptors that negatively regulat

114 Plant cryptochromes are photosensory receptors that regulate v

115 Cryptochromes are widespread blue-light absorbing flavop

116 the cryptochrome/photolyase family and that cryptochromes are, therefore, tailored to potentially fu

117 However, the role of cryptochrome as a magnetoreceptor remains controversial

118 ntify the circadian blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME as a molecular regulator of PMW, and propos

119 nd expands the paradigm of flavoproteins and cryptochromes as blue light sensors to include other lig

120 e a significant impact on the viability of a cryptochrome-based magnetic compass sensor.

121 explore the behavior of realistic models of cryptochrome-based radical pairs.

122 domonas reinhardtii has extended our view on cryptochromes, because it responds also to other wavelen

123 that two negative regulators of Arabidopsis cryptochromes, Blue light Inhibitors of Cryptochromes 1

124 escribed for several photolyases and related cryptochromes, but no correlation between phylogeny and

125 ved to a component in the signaling of plant cryptochromes by mediating the interaction with the CCT.

126 n adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, and a cryptochrome C-terminal extension (CCT), which is essent

127 eld of FADH degrees formation in Arabidopsis cryptochrome can be strongly modulated by ATP binding an

128 may also participate in the phytochrome and cryptochrome coaction.

129 rs PIFs, would partially explain phytochrome-cryptochrome coactions.

130 oligomerization and heterooligomerization of cryptochromes, collectively referred to as CRY photoolig

131 Cryptochromes constitute a group of flavin-binding blue

132 , pointing to a common ancestor in which the cryptochromes-Cop1 axis originated.

133 he results show that the core clock proteins cryptochrome (CRY) 1 and 2 repressed inflammation within

134 feedback loops (TTFL) in which expression of Cryptochrome (Cry) and Period (Per) genes is inhibited b

135 r acts as the transcriptional activator, and Cryptochrome (CRY) and Period (PER) proteins function as

136 ke 1 (BMAL1), and transcriptional repressors cryptochrome (CRY) and period (PER).

137 l activators CLOCK and BMAL1, and repressors Cryptochrome (CRY) and Period (PER).

138 ical studies implicate the blue-light sensor cryptochrome (CRY) as an endogenous light-dependent magn

139 geomagnetic field modulates the activity of cryptochrome (CRY) by influencing photochemical radical

140 Molecularly, the blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) dampens temperature-induced PERIOD (P

141 Blue light activation of the photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) evokes rapid depolarization and incre

142 The cryptochrome (CRY) flavoproteins act as blue-light recep

143 eedback on core clock genes Period (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry) following nuclear entry of their prot

144 Zebrafish are known to have six cryptochrome (cry) genes but their evolutionary relation

145 oops in which expression of Period (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry) genes is periodically suppressed by t

146 y high levels of the circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in large ventral lateral neurons (l-L

147 dian repression of CLOCK-BMAL1 by PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in mammals lies at the core of the ci

148 ession of the core circadian clock component CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) in the NAc.

149 Cryptochrome (CRY) is expressed in most brain clock neur

150 Cryptochrome (CRY) is the primary circadian photorecepto

151 Cryptochrome (CRY) is the principal light sensor of the

152 absence of the core clock component protein cryptochrome (CRY) leads to constitutive elevation of pr

153 Drosophila melanogaster CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) mediates behavioral and electrophysio

154 Plant and non-plant species possess cryptochrome (CRY) photoreceptors to mediate blue light

155 Cryptochrome (CRY) photoreceptors undergo photoresponsiv

156 In mammals, the PERIOD (PER) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) proteins accumulate, form a large nuc

157 The Cryptochrome (CRY) proteins are critical components of t

158 In Drosophila, the blue-light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) synchronizes these feedback loops to

159 period-shortening molecules that target the cryptochrome (CRY) were thus discovered.

160 linked core clock proteins period (PER) and cryptochrome (CRY), respectively.

161 ensor in pacemaker neurons, the flavoprotein cryptochrome (Cry), responds only to high levels of ligh

162 ted by a static EMF, and this is mediated by cryptochrome (CRY), the blue-light circadian photorecept

163 ks also require the blue light photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY), which is required for both light ent

164 The eyelets antagonize Cryptochrome (CRY)- and compound-eye-based photoreceptio

165 photosensory pigments, phytochrome (PHY) or cryptochrome (CRY).

166 rille (VRI), PAR-protein domain1 (PDP1), and cryptochrome (CRY).

167 ll molecule that specifically interacts with cryptochrome (CRY).

168 Plant cryptochromes (cry) act as UV-A/blue light receptors.

169 s have provided evidence that photosensitive Cryptochromes (Cry) are involved in the response to magn

170 wever, pif and csn mutants, as well as cop1, cryptochromes (cry)1 cry2, and phytochromes (phy)A phyB

171 ila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, Human)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASH) belong to a family of flavoprot

172 ntrolled, in part, by the genes encoding the cryptochromes Cry1 and Cry2.

173 Plant cryptochrome (cry1 and cry2) biological activity has bee

174 racellular molecular circadian clock and the Cryptochromes (CRY1/2), key transcriptional repressors o

175 p in which transcriptional repression by the cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, lies at the heart of the m

176 s governing the localized recruitment of the Cryptochrome CRY2 to its membrane-anchored CIBN partner.

177 s (BMAL1 and CLOCK) and negative repressors (CRYPTOCHROMEs (CRYs) and PERIODs (PERs)).

178 Cryptochromes (CRYs) are powerful transcriptional repres

179 Higher plant cryptochromes (CRYs) control how plants modulate growth

180 Circadian control occurs through cryptochromes (CRYs)-transcriptional repressors and comp

181 V A light-absorbing phototropins (phots) and cryptochromes (crys).

182 ements (FREQUENCY [FRQ], PERIODS [PERs], and CRYPTOCHROMES [CRYs]) are understood to inhibit their ow

183 Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) is involved in light synchronization

184 Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) mediates electrophysiological depola

185 eptor of the fly circadian clock, Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY), contains a C-terminal tail (CTT) he

186 RF exposure furthermore alters cryptochrome-dependent plant growth responses and gene e

187 rms that ein2 enhances both phytochrome- and cryptochrome-dependent responses in a LONG1-dependent ma

188 g this novel functional assay, we identify a cryptochrome differentiating alpha-helical domain within

189 me function by blocking blue light-dependent cryptochrome dimerization.

190 n of the diverse functions of the photolyase/cryptochrome family of flavoproteins and offer new oppor

191 animal (6-4) photolyases, as well as animal cryptochromes, feature a chain of four tryptophan residu

192 ical pair mechanism is thought to operate in cryptochrome flavoproteins in the retina.

193 ence of structural resemblance to the native cryptochrome fold or sequence, the maquettes exhibit a s

194 eptors such as the White Collar proteins and cryptochromes for blue light, opsins for green light, an

195 ages of signaling-state formation in a plant cryptochrome from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardt

196 We have investigated a cryptochrome from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardt

197 agnetic resonance spectroscopic study of two cryptochromes from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Drosoph

198 However, whether cryptochromes fulfill the criteria to function as biolog

199 yptochromes 1 and 2 (BIC1 and BIC2), inhibit cryptochrome function by blocking blue light-dependent c

200 Cryptochromes function as flavin-binding photoreceptors

201 Cryptochromes function in animal circadian regulation.

202 oach on targeting the type 2 vertebrate-like cryptochrome gene of the monarch (designated cry2), whic

203 k loop, whereby expression of the Period and Cryptochrome genes is negatively regulated by their prot

204 hich CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the Period and Cryptochrome genes, which then feedback and repress thei

205 1 and repressors encoded by PER (Period) and Cryptochrome genes.

206 ich transactivation of Per (period) and Cry (cryptochrome) genes by BMAL1-CLOCK complexes is suppress

207 force that ensures fast electron transfer in cryptochrome guaranteeing formation of a persistent radi

208 The photoreceptor protein cryptochrome has risen to prominence as a candidate magn

209 Plant cryptochromes have found application as photoswitches in

210 the protein kinases that phosphorylate plant cryptochromes have remained unclear.

211 ting evidence, it is still not clear whether cryptochromes have the properties required to respond to

212 wo types of photoreceptors (i.e., opsins and cryptochromes) have been discovered in metazoans.

213 n of PHR-tail interactions in both mammalian cryptochromes highlights functional conservation with pl

214 Plant cryptochrome I forms a pocket at the same site that coul

215 The discovery of an animal-like cryptochrome in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

216 mplications for the putative role of Type II cryptochromes in animal photomagnetoreception.

217 These results demonstrate a pivotal role of cryptochromes in controlling tomato development and phys

218 Our findings establish distinct roles for cryptochromes in intrinsic apoptosis induced by UV mimet

219 merization governs homeostasis of the active cryptochromes in plants and other evolutionary lineages.

220 does not necessarily alter photoreactions of cryptochromes in vivo.

221 hey could explain unique functions of animal cryptochromes, in particular their potential roles in ma

222 Mechanistically, cryptochromes inactivate Cop1 by interacting with Det1,

223 coefficient 10-100 times that of opsins and cryptochromes, indicating that LITE-1 is highly efficien

224 means of simulations of the spin dynamics of cryptochrome-inspired radical pairs, we show that the ne

225 (CRY2) protein and the N-terminal domain of cryptochrome-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix (CIBN).

226 has demonstrated that cryptochrome 2 (Cry2)/cryptochrome-interacting beta helix-loop-helix (CIB), a

227 ssinosteroid enhanced expression2 (BEE2) and cryptochrome-interacting bHLH (CIB1) partially inhibits

228 by rearrangement of polar side groups in the cryptochrome interior, can yield a FAD-Trp radical pair

229 Cryptochrome is a blue light receptor that acts as a sen

230 ein TIMELESS by the blue light photoreceptor Cryptochrome is considered the main mechanism for clock

231 issing evidence to show that the activity of cryptochrome is sensitive to an external MF that is capa

232 The photoreceptor protein cryptochrome is thought to host, upon light absorption,

233 Cryptochromes lack the DNA-repair activity of the closel

234 that, in contrast to Type I, Type II animal cryptochromes lack the structural features to securely b

235 ws the degradation of the core clock protein Cryptochrome, lengthening the period of the molecular cl

236 Moreover, mammalian cryptochromes lost their ability to interact with Cop1,

237 mRNA oscillations of the central clock genes cryptochrome-m and period were delayed by 4.9 and 4.3 h,

238 in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in an oxidized state and should b

239 We conclude that ROS formation by cryptochromes may indeed be of physiological relevance a

240 In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cryptochromes mediate de-etiolation, photoperiodic contr

241 Here we show that cryptochromes mediate light activation of transcription

242 r, GBF1, acts as a differential regulator of cryptochrome-mediated blue light signaling.

243 Whereas cryptochrome-mediated entrainment is well understood in

244 In contrast, under light conditions cryptochrome-mediated photoperception releases nuclear e

245 cultures and in Arabidopsis protoplasts from cryptochrome mutant seedlings.

246 The animal-like cryptochrome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CraCRY) is a

247 Distinct from other cryptochromes of known structures, mammalian CRY2 binds

248 e blue light receptors phototropin and plant cryptochrome (pCRY).

249 both an animal-like cryptochrome and a plant cryptochrome (pCRY; formerly designated CPH1).

250 k cryptochrome photodimerization or catalyze cryptochrome phosphorylation may also participate in the

251 dition, newly discovered proteins that block cryptochrome photodimerization or catalyze cryptochrome

252 from those of closely related members of the cryptochrome-photolyase family.

253 contains a single gene for a protein of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) encoding a cry-DASH

254 al principle inherent to all proteins of the cryptochrome/photolyase family and that cryptochromes ar

255 ght-induced reduction of the FAD cofactor of cryptochrome/photolyase family proteins.

256 branched at the base of the evolution of the cryptochrome/photolyase family.

257 c (6-4) photolyases are the ancestors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family.

258 The cryptochrome/photolyase protein family possesses a conse

259 can act as a magnetic compass; however, the cryptochrome photoreaction pathway is not fully resolved

260 Phytochrome A and cryptochrome photoreceptors stabilize CO in the evening

261 In plants, the cryptochrome photoreceptors suppress the activity of the

262 1, because populations of OPN5-positive and cryptochrome-positive cells reside within the caudal die

263 specific time several hours after PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME protein turnover, but the mechanism underly

264 photo-induced electron transfer reactions in cryptochrome proteins and that their coherent spin dynam

265 agnetic compass is thought to be mediated by cryptochrome proteins in the retina.

266 l intermediates formed by photoexcitation of cryptochrome proteins in the retina.

267 olve radical pairs formed photochemically in cryptochrome proteins in the retina.

268 y components of the intracellular clock, the cryptochrome proteins, unexpectedly increases in the exp

269 ession of its own inhibitors, the PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME proteins.

270 amics of radical pairs formed transiently in cryptochrome proteins.

271 biological responsivity to blue light of the cryptochrome receptor cry1 in Arabidopsis seedlings.

272 However, it remained unclear how cryptochromes regulate the BIC gene activity.

273 Plant cryptochromes regulate the circadian rhythm, flowering t

274 conclude that nuclear biosynthesis of ROS by cryptochromes represents a new signaling paradigm that c

275 radical pair separation reached establishes cryptochrome's sensitivity to the geomagnetic field thro

276 llular compounds represents a feature of the cryptochrome signaling mechanism that has important cons

277 nce and could represent a novel paradigm for cryptochrome signaling.

278 of radical stabilization has been unknown to cryptochromes so far but might be highly relevant for ot

279 Members from the animal (and animal-like) cryptochrome subclade use this process in a light-induce

280 differs from other members of the photolyase-cryptochrome superfamily by an antenna loop that changes

281 The unique biological function of cryptochrome supposedly arises from a photoactivation re

282 tive, photochemical radical pair reaction in cryptochrome that alters levels of neuronal excitation,

283 of cryptochromes 1) as an inhibitor of plant cryptochromes that binds to CRY2 to suppress the blue li

284 The latter means that animal cryptochromes that have a tetrad (rather than a triad) o

285 The effect is dependent on cryptochrome, the presence and wavelength of light and i

286 In addition, cryptochromes, the putative magnetoreceptor molecules, a

287 s the universal mechanism for photolyase and cryptochrome, these results imply anionic flavin as the

288 to potentiate the ability of light-activated cryptochrome to increase neuronal action potential firin

289 form of the cofactor in the active state in cryptochrome to induce charge relocation to cause an ele

290 e briefly relate our findings on A. thaliana cryptochrome to photoreaction pathways in animal cryptoc

291 navigational tool, the photoreceptor protein cryptochrome to sense the geomagnetic field.

292 Recently, the response of cryptochromes to light was extended to nearly the entire

293 Plant cryptochromes undergo blue light-dependent phosphorylati

294 on assay that specifically detects activated cryptochrome, we demonstrate that RF exposure reduces co

295 We focus on plant cryptochromes which are blue light sensors regulating th

296 rimary magnetic sensors is the flavoprotein, cryptochrome, which is thought to provide geomagnetic in

297 y photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes, which absorb different wavelengths of lig

298 distinct circadian roles of different animal cryptochromes, which also has significant implications f

299 unctional conservation with plant and insect cryptochromes, which also utilize PHR-tail interactions

300 turally unknown but closely related to plant cryptochromes, which serve as blue-light photoreceptors.