ライフサイエンスコーパス: deamination

1 (imitating a product of spontaneous cytosine deamination).

2 in part on their frequency of formation and deamination.

3 transferases and spontaneous methyl-cytosine deamination.

4 A is, by contrast, highly proficient at C/mC deamination.

5 -stranded nucleic acids and is important for deamination.

6 tosine (m(3)C) as a pre-requisite for C-to-U deamination.

7 ther PPR protein is believed to catalyze the deamination.

8 -41, whose neural expression is dependent on deamination.

9 ation hotspots are largely determined by AID deamination.

10 curring somatic mutations caused by cytosine deamination.

11 from DNA, particularly those resulting from deamination.

12 off-target changes via sgRNA-independent DNA deamination.

13 he presence of A3A did not yield evidence of deamination.

14 mation (or sugar pucker) are compatible with deamination.

15 ' to 5' directional preference in processive deamination.

16 pair to remove uracils arising from cytosine deamination.

17 mice, but energy charge was preserved by AMP deamination.

18 ytidine is favored for substrate binding and deamination.

19 nonfunctional virus in addition to cytosine deamination.

20 te the role played by the C3 hydroxyl during deamination, 3-deutero-3-fluoro analogues of both substr

21 ptor 2C (5-HT2CR) by site-specific adenosine deamination (A-to-I pre-mRNA editing) substantially incr

22 Deamination, a pervasive mode of damage, typically gener

23 artially purified NTD did not show intrinsic deamination activity and did not enhance the activity of

24 t of A3G to the virion; yet, A3G displays no deamination activity for cytidines in viral RNA.

25 but another deaminase is able to supply the deamination activity for the third site.

26 The mC deamination activity is later demonstrated for APOBEC3A

27 We demonstrate that Adar adenosine deamination activity is necessary for normal locomotion

28 virus (HBV), we found that Hsp90 stimulates deamination activity of APOBEC-3G (A3G), A3B, and A3C du

29 tively regulates the potentially harmful DNA deamination activity of APOBEC3H while, at the same time

30 lobal metabolite analysis indicated that the deamination activity of GDH might regenerate 2-oxoglutar

31 The deamination activity of these A3H variants correlates we

32 in locus RNA substrates to stimulate AID DNA deamination activity on its in vivo substrate sequences

33 Hsp90 directly stimulated A3G deamination activity when the purified proteins were use

34 argets have adopted to escape the impacts of deamination activity, including changing the GC content

35 cular Hsp90, stimulate APOBEC-3-mediated DNA deamination activity, suggesting a potential physiologic

36 ntify mutations in Coq6 that abrogate the C4-deamination activity, whereas preserving the C5-hydroxyl

37 ect base stacking shown to be imperative for deamination activity.

38 activities were also found to affect its RNA deamination activity.

39 tion activity to a primarily decarboxylation-deamination activity.

40 mRNA translation, virion encapsidation, and deamination activity.

41 eus, and nuclear extracts displayed cytosine deamination activity.

42 Here, we present DART-seq (deamination adjacent to RNA modification targets), an an

43 RNA editing by adenosine deamination alters genetic information from the genomic

44 nfectivity factor Vif, through deoxycytidine deamination and a deamination-independent mechanism.

45 nd that xanthosine is derived from guanosine deamination and a second source, likely xanthosine monop

46 nce-intrinsic properties, which regulate AID deamination and affect the preferential access of downst

47 3A that are known to be required for its DNA deamination and anti-retrotransposition activities were

48 Structure-based mutations, in vitro deamination and DNA binding assays, and HIV-1 restrictio

49 -effect relationships for APOBEC3A-catalyzed deamination and mutagenesis in driving multiple human ca

50 reactions including oxidative demethylation/deamination and myeloperoxidation, it is unclear whether

51 : T mispairs caused by 5-methylcytosine (mC) deamination and other lesions including uracil (U) and 5

52 mechanistic insights into APOBEC3A-mediated deamination and provide the structural basis for further

53 herichia coli and other bacteria, sequential deamination and reduction steps in riboflavin biosynthes

54 els of HBV cccDNA in hepatocytes by inducing deamination and subsequent cccDNA decay.

55 sequences and their ability to regulate AID deamination and subsequent repair process.

56 work, we examined the mechanism of cytosine deamination and the response of the uncatalyzed reaction

57 s of its C4-aminated substrate, allowing its deamination and ultimately its conversion into coenzyme

58 d cytidine deaminase (AID) mediates cytosine deamination and underlies two central processes in antib

59 identify CBEs with reduced Cas9-independent deamination and validate via whole-genome sequencing tha

60 gated their sensitivity toward oxidation and deamination and we studied the C-C bond cleaving reactiv

61 ucturally diverse enzymes which catalyze the deamination and/or isomerization of amino acids in natur

62 lying selection of cytosines by APOBEC3A for deamination, and demonstrate the utility of UPD-Seq.

63 ne dinucleotides are 'hotspots' for cytosine deamination, and others experience little or no editing

64 ute an essential time window for AID-induced deamination, and provide a novel DNA damage mechanism re

65 damage resulting from oxidation, alkylation, deamination, and spontaneous hydrolysis.

66 arguing against a 1,2-migration mechanism of deamination-and that homolysis of SAM concomitant with H

67 d enzymatic basis of RNA editing by cytidine deamination are incompletely understood.

68 in multiply mutated clones, suggesting that deaminations are catalyzed processively within a stalled

69 n the switch region, although processive AID deaminations are evident in some molecules.

70 sidues shared many attributes with bisulfite deamination artifacts and were observed at comparable le

71 quencing and perfect mapping, using cytosine deamination as a model for mutation.

72 ral infection and highlight APOBEC3-mediated deamination as a previously unidentified mechanism for a

73 iruses were susceptible to APOBEC3B-mediated deamination as evidenced by lower viral titres, lower in

74 s observation, the immunoglobulin (Igh) gene deamination as measured by uracil accumulation occurs pr

75 n-substrate DNA and RNA, in combination with deamination assays.

76 es but demonstrated elevated global cytidine deamination at deaminase intrinsic binding sites.

77 OBEC1-YTH expression in cells induces C-to-U deamination at sites adjacent to m(6)A residues, which a

78 lection of local dinucleotide substrates for deamination but is unlikely to be part of the higher lev

79 ymidine inhibited mycoplasma-associated dFdC deamination but were efficiently catabolized (removed) b

80 stematically evaluate genome-wide off-target deamination by ABEs using the EndoV-seq platform we deve

81 rstand the molecular basis for DNA adenosine deamination by adenine base editors (ABEs), we determine

82 c breakpoints is the consequence of cytosine deamination by APOBEC3B.

83 No viruses showed evidence of cytidine deamination by mouse or human APOBEC3s.

84 In spite of this in vitro activity, cytidine deamination by virion-packaged APOBEC3 of MMTV early rev

85 RNA editing by adenosine deamination can alter the genome's blueprint by recoding

86 tudy informs how methylation, oxidation, and deamination can interplay in the genome and suggests A3A

87 tor has faster local motions than GMP in the deamination complex but is more constrained than IMP in

88 APOBEC3B (A3B)-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination contributes to the overall mutational landsc

89 and fibroblasts have an adenosine to inosine deamination defect caused by reduction of adenosine deam

90 of Coq9 impacts Coq6, thus explaining the C4-deamination defect observed in Deltacoq9 cells.

91 We show in this study that lowering the deamination density at the Igh locus increases DSB resol

92 Mechanistically, lowering deamination density increases exonuclease I recruitment

93 es, which inhibits virus replication through deamination-dependent and -independent activities.

94 es has the ability to restrict HIV-1 through deamination-dependent and deamination-independent mechan

95 We propose that both TLS-dependent and deamination-dependent mutational processes are likely in

96 kage into virions and restrict HIV-1 through deamination-dependent or deamination-independent inhibit

97 In aqueous solvent, deamination depends largely on the prototropic form of t

98 -methylcytosine (mC), and it processes other deamination-derived lesions including uracil (U).

99 all ox-mCs by >3700-fold, arguing that ox-mC deamination does not contribute substantially to demethy

100 Here, we reconstitute AID-catalyzed deamination during Pol II transcription elongation in co

101 C (mC), with hap II displaying almost equal deamination efficiency on both.

102 found in melanomas, suggesting that cytosine deamination encountered by the replicative polymerase ha

103 thway involving separate decarboxylation and deamination enzymatic steps from tyrosine to the key int

104 ak (DSB) formation is as low as even one AID deamination event on both DNA strands.

105 re, we observe a comparable frequency of AID deamination events between the c-myc intronic sequence a

106 hese mutations are a consequence of cytosine deamination events occurring on the non-target strand of

107 We find cytosine deamination follows a conventional thermal age model, bu

108 Importantly, we analyzed monoallelic AID deamination footprints on both DNA strands occurring wit

109 However, precise mechanisms regulating AID deamination frequency remain incompletely understood.

110 re W is A or T and R is A or G) and that the deamination frequency remains constant across the entire

111 .1 channels undergo a specific enzymatic RNA deamination, generating a channel with a single amino ac

112 Selective oxidative deamination has long been considered to be an important

113 Programmable RNA cytidine deamination has recently been achieved using a bifunctio

114 ed samples, where both DNA fragmentation and deamination have been limited.

115 de the first demonstration that A3G cytosine deamination hotspots are defined by both the sequence co

116 potentially function as spacers between AID deamination hotspots.

117 DNA synthesis, as well as excessive cytidine deamination (hypermutation) of the DNAs that are synthes

118 e transcriptase inhibition, and DNA cytidine deamination.IMPORTANCE APOBEC3 proteins are host factors

119 n genomic DNA and very low levels of adenine deamination in cellular mRNA.

120 of different CBEs to induce Cas9-independent deamination in Escherichia coli and in human cells.

121 C1 were reported to induce unguided cytosine deamination in genomic DNA and cellular RNA.

122 e RNA (sgRNA)-independent off-target adenine deamination in genomic DNA and very low levels of adenin

123 intermediates from APOBEC3-mediated cytidine deamination in vitro.

124 xtensive APOBEC3A/APOBEC3B-mediated cytosine deaminations in human keratinocytes.

125 ision of thymine that is not generated by mC deamination, in A.T pairs and in polymerase-generated G.

126 Our data demonstrate that the deamination-independent functions of APOBEC3 enzymes ext

127 Here we studied how the deamination-independent inhibition of HIV-1 RT by APOBEC

128 trict HIV-1 through deamination-dependent or deamination-independent inhibition.

129 Vif, through deoxycytidine deamination and a deamination-independent mechanism.

130 amination of viral single-stranded DNA and a deamination-independent mechanism.

131 ing G-to-A hypermutation in viral DNA and by deamination-independent mechanisms.

132 rict HIV-1 through deamination-dependent and deamination-independent mechanisms.

133 for human LINE1 (L1) restriction, which was deamination-independent.

134 n progress can be monitored by following the deamination-induced change in fluorescence of the (th)A-

135 In vivo off-target deamination is further validated through target site dee

136 find that whereas photoproduct formation and deamination is greatly inhibited for the CPDs closest to

137 Nevertheless, repair of mC deamination is important because the resulting G.T mispa

138 For a long, perfectly matched hybrid, deamination is more efficient with full length ADAR2 tha

139 The rate of cytosine deamination is much higher in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA

140 AID deamination is not exclusive to immunoglobulin loci; it

141 Cytosine deamination is often needed for TEs to take on regulator

142 ta background, indicating that Fcy1-mediated deamination is one cause of breakage and contractions in

143 Adenosine deamination is one of the most prevalent post-transcript

144 ranscriptional RNA modification by adenosine deamination, known as A-to-I RNA editing, diversifies th

145 ream acceptor S-region targets AID-generated deamination lesions at, potentially, any of hundreds of

146 e deaminase (AID) initiates CSR by promoting deamination lesions within Smu and a downstream acceptor

147 filamentous ascomycetes, involving adenosine deamination mechanisms distinct from metazoan ADARs.

148 This is most likely a deamination mediated de-methylation process and is expec

149 e agents and (2) inhibition of deoxycytidine deamination might enhance dTMP+dCMP therapy.

150 ally, any of hundreds of individual S-region deamination motifs(9-11).

151 heir ssDNA substrate for cytosine-containing deamination motifs.

152 ults obtained are consistent with amino acid deamination occurring by a stepwise E1 cB elimination me

153 an IGHV3-23*01 target show strongly favored deaminations occurring in the antigen-binding complement

154 We found that AID deamination occurs predominantly at WRC hot spots (where

155 ss of genome editing tools based on directed deamination of 2-deoxyadenosines in DNA/RNA hybrids.

156 However, deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC) generates thymine,

157 s the repair of G.T mismatches that arise by deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC), and it excises 5-f

158 ine from mutagenic G.T mispairs arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine (mC), and it processes o

159 ial step in the demethylation process can be deamination of 5-methylcytosine producing the TpG altera

160 Moreover, mC deamination of A3H displayed a strong preference for the

161 In particular, deamination of adenine moiety in (deoxy)nucleoside triph

162 The deamination of adenine yields inosine, which is treated

163 on double-stranded RNA (ADARs) catalyze the deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in d

164 the identification of RNA modification by C6 deamination of adenosine (A) to produce inosine (I) in d

165 inase (mADA) that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine to inosine and ammonia.

166 human tRNA ADAT2/3 enzyme and we confirm the deamination of adenosine to inosine and the formation of

167 ich catalyzes in double-stranded RNA the C-6 deamination of adenosine to produce inosine, which is re

168 emonstrate that MftD catalyzes the oxidative deamination of AHDP, forming an alpha-keto moiety on the

169 vulinic acid as nucleophile in the oxidative deamination of an N-acetylneuraminic acid thioglycoside

170 ation or decarboxylation-dependent oxidative deamination of aromatic l-amino acids to produce aromati

171 sp(3) carbon (2-methylaza-arenes) occurs via deamination of benzylamine followed by C-sp(3)-H bond ac

172 that are generated daily by the spontaneous deamination of C (U/G) and methyl-C (T/G).

173 G cells, IFNgamma and TNF-alpha each induced deamination of cccDNA and interfered with its stability;

174 During somatic hypermutation (SHM), deamination of cytidine by activation-induced cytidine d

175 mily consists of seven enzymes that catalyze deamination of cytidine nucleotides to uridine nucleotid

176 enter (GC) B cells and are initiated through deamination of cytidine to uracil by activation-induced

177 CYTIDINE DEAMINASE (CDA) catalyzes the deamination of cytidine to uridine and ammonia in the ca

178 oxin, which we name DddA, that catalyses the deamination of cytidines within dsDNA.

179 The hydrolytic deamination of cytosine and 5-methylcytosine residues in

180 The spontaneous deamination of cytosine is a major source of transitions

181 Spontaneous hydrolytic deamination of cytosine to uracil (U) in DNA is a consta

182 Although the generation of mutations through deamination of cytosine to uracil in single-stranded HIV

183 Arrhenius plots for the uncatalyzed deamination of cytosine were linear over the temperature

184 The other process involves spontaneous deamination of cytosine, producing uracil in pyrimidine

185 age, including 8-oxo-guanine and spontaneous deamination of cytosine.

186 nes and elicits a biochemical preference for deamination of cytosines in 5'-TC dinucleotides.

187 A3G mutates the HIV genome by deamination of dC to dU, leading to accumulation of viru

188 Pronounced deamination of dFdC to its less cytostatic metabolite 2'

189 ylase (PyNP) activity indirectly potentiated deamination of dFdC: the natural pyrimidine nucleosides

190 ely used cytosine base editors (CBEs) induce deamination of DNA cytosines using the rat APOBEC1 enzym

191 repeat instability: one mediated by cytosine deamination of DNA engaged in R-loops and the other by M

192 Oxidative deamination of dopamine produces the highly toxic aldehy

193 roposed to function in DNA demethylation via deamination of either 5-methylcytosine (mC) or TET-oxidi

194 LOXL2 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of epsilon-amines of lysine and hydroxylysin

195 etabolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of glutamate.

196 catalyzed a strict NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of GMP to produce IMP.

197 thosine is exclusively generated through the deamination of guanosine by GSDA in A. thaliana, excludi

198 Oxidative deamination of intestinal d-aa by DAO, which yields the

199 nylalanine quinone (TPQ) capable of inducing deamination of Lys e-amino groups and formation of the c

200 crosslinks collagens by mediating oxidative deamination of lysine residues.

201 mCpG/TpG mismatches arising from spontaneous deamination of methyl-cytosine.

202 dehydrogenase (MADH) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of methylamine to formaldehyde and ammonia.

203 difference can be attributed to spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosine residues in the colon

204 C-->T and G-->A transitions, consistent with deamination of methylated cytosine.

205 s during replication as a result of cytidine deamination of minus-strand DNA transcripts.

206 itochondrial enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and dietary amines.

207 is a membrane flavoenzyme that catalyzes the deamination of neutral and aromatic l-amino acids into a

208 use lethal hypermutation of retroviruses via deamination of newly reverse-transcribed viral DNA.

209 AL) isoforms that catalyze the non-oxidative deamination of Phe to trans-cinnamic acid, the committed

210 ive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyses oxidative deamination of primary amines.

211 (amination of ketones) or an amine acceptor (deamination of racemic amines).

212 OBEC1 can cause extensive transcriptome-wide deamination of RNA cytosines in human cells, inducing te

213 hermotoga maritima was shown to catalyze the deamination of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) to S-inosylh

214 n (CSR) via transcription-dependent cytidine deamination of single-stranded DNA targets.

215 RNA editing by deamination of specific adenosine bases to inosines duri

216 RNA and DNA binding interfaces differ and no deamination of ssRNA is detected.

217 D and revealed its preferred recognition and deamination of structured substrates.

218 These reactions occur via initial reductive deamination of sulfonamides to sulfinates via an NHC-cat

219 An initial deamination of taurine to sulfoacetaldehyde by a known t

220 ethionine (SAM) enzyme that catalyzes the C4-deamination of TDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxyglucose through a

221 nd tropoelastin (TE) and also LOXL2-mediated deamination of TE.

222 encoded by exon 5 (E5) allows very efficient deamination of the AID target regions but greatly impact

223 A study of the mechanism of the oxidative deamination of the N-nitroso-N-acetyl sialyl glycosides

224 RidA proteins accelerate the deamination of the reactive 2-aminoacrylate (2AA), an en

225 nding by APOBEC3H influences recognition and deamination of viral DNA and describe two possible route

226 restricts its viral targets through cytidine deamination of viral DNA during reverse transcription or

227 Inhibition of HIV replication occurs by both deamination of viral single-stranded DNA and a deaminati

228 to explain how T. brucei escapes 'wholesale deamination' of its genome while harbouring both enzymes

229 The frequency of molecules containing deamination on both DNA strands at the acceptor switch r

230 ng either decarboxylation or decarboxylation-deamination on various combinations of aromatic amino ac

231 In neither case was deamination or oxidation observed; however, in both case

232 eful nucleophiles employed in this oxidative deamination process to include phenols and thiophenols,

233 A-to-I editing is a hydrolytic deamination process, catalyzed by adenosine deAminase ac

234 xternal nucleophile in the general oxidative deamination process.

235 ytic cleft with consequent inhibition of the deamination process. In silico mutagenesis examinations

236 nontronite, triggered by decarboxylation and deamination processes.

237 APOBEC3G catalyzes these deaminations processively on single-stranded DNA using s

238 6-methyl-(d)AMP, followed by ADAL1-catalyzed deamination producing (d)IMP that can enter the nucleoti

239 addition of acetic acid, gives an oxidative deamination product, in which the AcN(NO)-C5 bond is rep

240 thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (i.e., the deamination products of 5mC and 5hmC) when paired with a

241 n a T=(m)CG CPD with A greatly decreased the deamination rate.

242 ow determined the photoproduct formation and deamination rates for 10 consecutive T=(m)CG CPDs over a

243 Deamination rates for T(m)CG CPDs have been found to var

244 ine the influence of nucleosome structure on deamination rates in vivo, we determined the deamination

245 deamination rates in vivo, we determined the deamination rates of CPDs at TCG sites in a stably posit

246 is limited by the fast post-mortem cytosine deamination rates of methylated epialleles.

247 s to bind with greater affinity and enhances deamination rates, suggesting that RNA binding must be d

248 synthesis of coenzyme Q from pABA requires a deamination reaction at position C4 of the benzene ring

249 es, cytidines are converted to uridines by a deamination reaction in the process termed RNA editing.

250 nditions of high ammonia concentration, this deamination reaction is reversible and hence there is co

251 5-Hydroxymethyluracil may be formed in deamination reaction of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine or can b

252 phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, conferring the deamination reaction through either the Friedel-Crafts o

253 ch less is known regarding the course of the deamination reaction.

254 Comparisons are drawn with oxidative deamination reactions of 4-amino-4-deoxy and 2-amino-2-d

255 ploiting differential kinetics of hydrolytic deamination reactions of cytosine and its naturally occu

256 In contrast, deamination reactions were found to occur only to a mino

257 to determine kinetic parameters of A3Gctd's deamination reactions within a 5'-CCC hot spot sequence.

258 um yields because the excited states undergo deamination reactions, and for all cresols the formation

259 c acid (TCA) cycle intermediate, through two deamination reactions, the first requiring glutaminase (

260 nthetic processes through transamination and deamination reactions.

261 overall reduction in unguided off-target DNA deamination relative to BE4 containing rAPOBEC1.

262 impact of known mutational mechanisms - CpG deamination, replication error by polymerase zeta, and p

263 Efficient deamination requires rapid binding to and dissociation f

264 s expected of A3G- and A3F- or A3DE-mediated deamination, respectively.

265 he observed mutational pattern resembles the deamination signature of cytidine to uridine carried out

266 n to the C > U modifications due to cytosine deamination, so represents a time-dependent process of D

267 pecific activity is accompanied by relaxed C deamination specificity at pH 7.4-8.

268 anesulfonate as nucleophile in the oxidative deamination step when the 5-O-triflyl KDN derivative is

269 from the positions of AID-mediated cytidine deamination, suggesting DNA end resection before strand

270 -tyrosine is a substrate for TATN-1-mediated deamination, suggesting that TATN-1 also metabolizes m-t

271 Furthermore, ABE8e's accelerated DNA deamination suggests a previously unobserved transient D

272 The most efficient deamination takes place when monoamine is in the zwitter

273 l A3 proteins, the precise details regarding deamination target selection are not fully understood.

274 itch (S) region is a much more efficient AID deamination target than the V region.

275 CT was also shown to be a potential deamination target.

276 d synergistically modulate CPD formation and deamination that contribute to C to T mutations associat

277 While the CTD catalyzes cytosine deamination, the NTD is believed to provide additional a

278 tic resolution by tandem hydrodefluorination/deamination, thus giving the corresponding amines with u

279 ltaneous enantioselective dehalogenation and deamination to form the corresponding acetophenone deriv

280 tides released from cells and catabolized by deamination to inosine.

281 ons, both mA3 and hA3G preferentially induce deaminations toward the 5' end of minus-strand viral DNA

282 ctural data suggest that ABE8e catalyzes DNA deamination up to ~1100-fold faster than earlier ABEs be

283 cs often arise from the artifact of cytosine deamination upon cell lysis.

284 in MLV particles does not induce detectable deaminations upon infection, its deaminase activity is e

285 comparative analysis of site selection of A3 deamination using six of the seven purified A3 member en

286 t a green and efficient method for oxidative deamination, using water as the oxidant, catalyzed by a

287 3Gctd as well as full-length A3G showed peak deamination velocities at pH 5.5.

288 agreement with earlier reports, uncatalyzed deamination was found to proceed at very similar rates f

289 knockout mice to determine whether cytidine deamination was important for APOBEC3's anti-MMTV activi

290 methylated cytosine (mC) on DNA, and this mC deamination was proposed to be involved in the demethyla

291 Consistent with the in vitro observations, deamination was slower for one CPD located at an interme

292 of nucleosome structure on CPD formation and deamination, we have developed a circular permutation sy

293 e, all four haplotypes that were active in C deamination were also highly active on methylated C (mC)

294 However, off-target deaminations were detected more than 150 bp away from th

295 increase in C-to-T transition mutations via deamination, which causes CpG loss.

296 osomes can modulate both their formation and deamination, which could contribute to the UV mutation h

297 ription as well as the induction of cytidine deamination within nascent viral cDNA.

298 nversion or switch recombination by cytidine deamination within the immunoglobulin loci.

299 e (AID) that catalyzes numerous DNA cytosine deaminations within switch regions.

300 The mutational spectrum resulting from deamination without translesion synthesis is similar to