ライフサイエンスコーパス: dentin

1 sion; control]) and 2 substrates (enamel and dentin).

2 MPs' ability to form hydrophobic coatings on dentin.

3 ites with mineral deposition of intratubular dentin.

4 in cementoblasts but not in odontoblasts or dentin.

5 s or discontinuity with primary or secondary dentin.

6 anied by excessive deposition of peritubular dentin.

7 dation and remineralization of demineralized dentin.

8 s (DPSCs), which are capable of regenerating dentin.

9 omato(+) cells to cells secreting reparative dentin.

10 to stimulate the regeneration of reparative dentin.

11 tal defects but featured less affected molar dentin.

12 e ( P = 0.002), with no changes in enamel or dentin.

13 g self-etch and universal adhesives to human dentin.

14 erosion-abrasion lesions on human enamel and dentin.

15 r content and a different micro-structure of dentin.

16 al ligament and cementum to expose the tooth dentin.

17 sion and function of BSP by odontoblasts and dentin.

18 d for the chemomechanical removal of carious dentin.

19 gatively charged minerals in the hydrophilic dentin.

20 ds on the structural features of AAMP-coated dentin.

21 roof dentin, and thicker pulp chamber floor dentin.

22 applied in the self-etch mode on midcoronal dentin according to the respective manufacturer's instru

23 phobic- and hydrophilic-rich phase mimics of dentin adhesive polymerize similarly and 2) to determine

24 Current dentin adhesives are sensitive to moisture, as evidenced

25 Dentin adhesives were applied to the surface of sound de

26 ate the hydraulic conductance of bovine root dentin after irradiation with a 980-nm diode laser, with

27 ptical microscopic analyses showed defective dentin, alveolar and calvarial bones, and sutures during

28 er of enamel-like material remained over the dentin and at the outer tooth surface, but between these

29 f the future root, differentiate and secrete dentin and cementum.

30 ocyanidin (PAC)-enriched extracts reinforces dentin and dentin-resin interfaces.

31 ion of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway; Sost in dentin and Dkk1 in bone, as previously demonstrated.

32 ves the caries resistance property of bonded dentin and does not cause irreversible pulpal damage to

33 ich Fam20C was ubiquitously inactivated, had dentin and enamel defects as well as hypophosphatemic ri

34 eported, which resemble, respectively, human dentin and enamel in hardness, stiffness, and strength a

35 of hard tissues revealed that deposition of dentin and enamel was largely symmetrical at the mineral

36 Significant production of organized dentin and enamel-like tissues was observed in dTB-recel

37 lved phosphorus content of mineral tissue in dentin and enamel; they show a lack of signal from pulp

38 d microtensile bond strength (uTBS) to human dentin and the uTBS bond stability under extended thermo

39 cated histologically by wide predentin, thin dentin, and extensive interglobular dentin, confirming m

40 toblasts, the predentin, and the mineralized dentin, and MMP9 was able to specifically bind to DSP.

41 f predentin layer, thinner pulp chamber roof dentin, and thicker pulp chamber floor dentin.

42 g decreased dentin mineral density, abnormal dentin architecture, widened predentin and irregular pre

43 Root-dentin area showed significant increases in type III, bu

44 Cervical dentin areas of 6 maxillary incisors of 5 beagles were e

45 The fluid penetration of exposed dentin areas was investigated by a microleakage-testing

46 The amount of dentin-associated mineralized tissue formed in teeth wit

47 ized AAMPs as compared with the total etched dentin at the dentin surface and extended deeply around

48 of beagle dogs showed newly formed tertiary dentin at the dentin-pulp boundary in recombinant CPNE7-

49 n water permeability in chitosan-conditioned dentin, attributed to smear plug retention, also fostere

50 Dentin beams were totally demineralized in H3PO4 (10%) a

51 Dentin beams were used for 3-point flexural strength (si

52 A dentin biomodification strategy with selective proanthoc

53 Nongalloylated PACs mediate stable dentin biomodification, which includes protective activi

54 rrangement, and chemical properties of three dentin biomodifiers.

55 hich are crucial factors for enhancing resin-dentin bond durability.

56 ation over time and the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability.

57 not result in a significant decline in resin-dentin bond strength when compared with that of phosphor

58 tance potential of acid-etched human coronal dentin bonded using augmented pressure adhesive displace

59 gic temperature-to improve the durability of dentin bonding by addressing these 3 issues simultaneous

60 Thus, the longevity of dentin bonding can only be improved with enhanced qualit

61 toration is unsatisfactory, and longevity of dentin bonding is one of the major culprits.

62 mproving a number of critical properties for dentin bonding, including deactivation of oral pathogens

63 a mechanism for improving bond longevity in dentin bonding.

64 Instability of resin-dentin bonds is the Achilles' heel of adhesive dentistry

65 e, widened predentin and irregular predentin-dentin boundary.

66 hich stimulate the formation of a protective dentin bridge after insult are necessary to seal the pul

67 , to catalyze the formation of a reactionary dentin bridge by recruiting endogenous stem cells of the

68 nd bioactive pulp-capping materials, driving dentin bridge formation without causing cytotoxic effect

69 dontogenic exosomes resulted in a reparative dentin bridge formation, superior to glass-ionomer cemen

70 Dentin can be described as a biological composite with c

71 in dentin, mainly focusing on their role in dentin caries pathogenesis and loss of collagen in the a

72 000 may be a good option for chemomechanical dentin caries removal due to its reduced removal time an

73 The new ecological hypothesis for dentin caries suggests that an alteration in the microbi

74 (AUC) for the diagnosis of enamel caries and dentin caries were calculated to quantify the diagnostic

75 enamel lesions (CAE), and caries active with dentin carious lesions (CA).

76 PF) and from enamel carious lesions (PE) and dentin carious lesions (PD) were collected.

77 ion within the microbial communities in deep-dentin carious lesions may play a fundamental role in ca

78 Sixteen deep-dentin carious lesions were obtained from the first perm

79 In the in vivo caries model, enamel and dentin carious lesions were significantly reduced in rat

80 This study found that in the deep-dentin carious lesions, Actinobacteria (35.8%) and Firmi

81 stics of a microbial community of human deep-dentin carious lesions.

82 lus at the genus level, only 25% of the deep-dentin carious samples showed Lactobacillus as the most

83 n >40 kDa as an antimicrobial extrafibrillar dentin-chelating agent to enhance bond durability.

84 , we analyzed the release rate of AAMPs from dentin coatings in artificial saliva to predict their st

85 able isotope data from enamel carbonates and dentin collagen (childhood diet) and dental microwear te

86 f intrafibrillar minerals and smear plugs in dentin conditioned with 1 wt% chitosan.

87 ionships as well as the effects of different dentin-conditioning methods on the structural features o

88 These results led us to explore different dentin-conditioning methods that would increase the mine

89 in, thin dentin, and extensive interglobular dentin, confirming micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)

90 ic linkage, and suggest their involvement in dentin cross-linking activity.

91 alyses indicated no differences in enamel or dentin Ddr1(-/-) versus WT molars.

92 2-Cre;Fam20C(fl/fl) mice were independent of dentin defects and hypophosphatemia.

93 Dentin defects in Hyp molars were indicated histological

94 These results indicate that the dentin defects in the Sox2-Cre;Fam20C(fl/fl) mice were i

95 problem, a chelate-and-rinse extrafibrillar dentin demineralization strategy has been developed that

96 There were no differences in enamel and dentin densities between GACI and control teeth.

97 Although the formation of bones and dentin depends on the self-assembly of type I collagen v

98 esis with osteodentin formation and impaired dentin deposition leading to limited root elongation.

99 rimary molar with a deep dentin lesion (>1/2 dentin depth) were included (60 S/55 O).

100 hesives were applied to the surface of sound dentin disks in 4 experimental groups: non-antibacterial

101 esis imperfecta (DGI), an autosomal dominant dentin disorder.

102 Remineralization of dentin during dental caries is of considerable clinical

103 ontogenic ameloblast-associated protein) and dentin dysplasia targets (Dentin matrix acidic phosphopr

104 ility to remove the smear layer and to cause dentin erosion as EDTA.

105 ed for evaluation of smear layer removal and dentin erosion on root segments and energy dispersive X-

106 Smear layer and dentin erosion scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis

107 chanical properties and it does not increase dentin erosion.

108 ap progress could be seen on both enamel and dentin even after irradiation; furthermore, typical toro

109 Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a dentin extracellular matrix protein that is processed in

110 Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a dentin extracellular matrix protein.

111 ppeared as a bright scattered area mainly on dentin floor and rapidly progressed along the cavity flo

112 ypical toroidal gap patterns appeared at the dentin floor of BF and SBU.

113 ed nearly perfect sealing performance on the dentin floor up to the 10 min that images were recorded.

114 Experimental primers were applied to dentin for 20 s, covered with hydrophobic resin layer, a

115 revious study, copine 7 (CPNE7) could induce dentin formation for an indirect pulp-capping model in v

116 Studies on crown dentin formation have been a major focus in tooth develo

117 e EphB2/ephrinB1 system that govern tertiary dentin formation in vitro and in vivo.

118 n potently stimulate and expedite reparative dentin formation is still underexplored.

119 al factor) in controlling root but not crown dentin formation points to a new concept: tooth crown an

120 Tertiary dentin formation reduces dentinal fluid flow due to occl

121 lved in dental mesenchymal cell lineages and dentin formation through regulation of its target gene e

122 Tertiary dentin formation was confirmed with histological scannin

123 To understand the role of Osx in dentin formation, we analyzed mice in which Osx was subj

124 Initial crown dentin formation-primary dentinogenesis-occurred fairly

125 ese materials is known to mediate reparative dentin formation.

126 functions in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation.

127 e a therapeutic target to enhance reparative dentin formation.

128 DSP mutations cause dentin genetic diseases.

129 is processed into dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP

130 gen isotope ratios of collagen from bone and dentin have frequently been used for dietary reconstruct

131 The dentin hydraulic conductance was evaluated at four time

132 dentin promoted significant reduction in the dentin hydraulic conductance, mainly with higher energy

133 ated with patient discomfort due to cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and esthetic dissatisfacti

134 life of patients 180 days after treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) with laser and cyanoacrylat

135 ative effects of toothpaste formulations for dentin hypersensitivity (DH), tested in randomized contr

136 Thus, ATP signaling may participate in dentin hypersensitivity and dental pain.

137 upport a plausible role for ATP signaling in dentin hypersensitivity and dental pain.

138 Dentin hypersensitivity commonly occurs due to opened de

139 Dentin hypersensitivity significantly decreased for both

140 Dentin hypersensitivity treatments are based on the phys

141 ing on probing (BoP), gingival margin level, dentin hypersensitivity, and percent of pockets converte

142 g supernumerary or missing teeth, enamel and dentin hypoplasia, or teeth crowding.

143 Dentin in permanent teeth rarely undergoes resorption in

144 fferentiation of lesions for both enamel and dentin in polished or natural surfaces.

145 determined that partial deproteinization of dentin increased the amount of immobilized AAMPs as comp

146 ensile bond strengths to wet- and dry-bonded dentin indicated that chelating dentin with chitosan for

147 F, and SB had significantly lower enamel and dentin initial gaps than the control and GB (P < 0.05).

148 esin polymerization, improvement in adhesive-dentin interactions, and establishment of auxiliary bond

149 in the 10% and 5% 10-MDP experimental primer-dentin interface along with lower intensity XRD peaks.

150 The percentages of sealed enamel and dentin interface area (E%, D%) were calculated using Ami

151 quality hybrid layers that protect the resin-dentin interface from harmful biological and chemical ac

152 Slices containing the adhesive-dentin interface were covered with fluorescein-conjugate

153 ormed thicker hybrid layers at the composite-dentin interface.

154 etermine the extent of nanolayering in resin-dentin interfaces after application of commercialized 10

155 ering structures have been reported in resin-dentin interfaces created by adhesives that contain 10-m

156 The sparsity of nanolayering in resin-dentin interfaces created by commercialized adhesives ch

157 tion/cavitation but no clinical/radiographic dentin involvement, 12% (95% CI, 6%-22%) of dentists/the

158 ne, increasing to 74% (95% CI, 56%-86%) with dentin involvement.

159 confined to enamel (not reaching the enamel-dentin junction), 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15%

160 proximal lesions extending up to the enamel-dentin junction, 48% (95% CI, 40%-56%) of dentists/thera

161 se confined to enamel or reaching the enamel-dentin junction.

162 sease, including short molar roots with thin dentin, lack of acellular cementum, and osteoid accumula

163 rs) with >=1 vital primary molar with a deep dentin lesion (>1/2 dentin depth) were included (60 S/55

164 n inner enamel lesions (E2) and 64% in outer dentin lesions (D1).

165 y more likely to become inactive compared to dentin lesions (P < 0.0001), but no difference was found

166 Crowns were adhesively bonded to a dentin-like abutment.

167 e intermolecular interactions in biomodified dentin macromolecules.

168 escribes these enzymes and their presence in dentin, mainly focusing on their role in dentin caries p

169 d grape seed extract [e-GSE]) and applied to dentin matrices to determine changes to the mechanical p

170 he stiffness of the completely demineralized dentin matrices.

171 iated protein) and dentin dysplasia targets (Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1).

172 onal expression of osterix, osteocalcin, and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1.

173 certained when coated on collagenase-treated dentin matrix and control, native human dentin matrix un

174 nical properties and biodegradability of the dentin matrix and favorable resin adhesion mechanisms.

175 a robust bioadhesion between the hydrophilic dentin matrix and the hydrophobic adhesive.

176 This study investigated the sustained dentin matrix biomodification and dentin-resin bioadhesi

177 at multiscale interactions of OPACs with the dentin matrix create tight biointerfaces with hydrophobi

178 The e-GSE-modified dentin matrix exhibited remarkably low collagen solubili

179 corresponding to collagen cross-links in the dentin matrix occurred for all treatments.

180 We used dentin matrix protein (Dmp)-1-mediated Ghr knockout (DMP

181 Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is a non-collagenous calc

182 regulates mineral homeostasis by repressing dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) via the vitamin D recepto

183 ng revealed more abundant osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and matrix extracellular

184 collagen (procollagen I) and a reduction in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), which is partially respo

185 These mice were bred with a dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1)-Cre line for overexpressi

186 ntum, including osteocyte/cementocyte marker dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1).

187 nd expression of mineralized tissue markers, dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1/DMP1), osteopontin (Spp1/O

188 The altered levels of dentin matrix protein 1 and osteopontin in Fam20C-defici

189 e regulator of the dentinogenic marker DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1) expression by hDPSCs.

190 Dmp1 (dentin matrix protein 1), Dkk1 (Dickkopf WNT signaling p

191 e Fam20C-deficient bone had a lower level of dentin matrix protein 1, and higher levels of osteoponti

192 phosphorylated full-length human recombinant dentin matrix protein-1 (17-513 AA), this bioinspired ap

193 d into osteopontin-, bone sialoprotein-, and dentin matrix protein-1-enriched fractions by anion-exch

194 ated dentin matrix and control, native human dentin matrix under physiological levels of calcium and

195 Chemical characterization of the dentin matrix was performed by attenuated total reflecta

196 nvolves physicochemical modifications to the dentin matrix, reduced tissue biodegradation, and bridgi

197 inal fragment of DSPP) were decreased in the dentin matrix, they were remarkably increased in the odo

198 elastic-like behavior of the e-GSE-modified dentin matrix, which was not affected by H-bond destabil

199 nd dentin with high expression levels in the dentin matrix.

200 gradation and reinforcement of the anchoring dentin matrix.

201 s critical for mineral deposition within the dentin matrix.

202 Dentin-methacrylate biointerfaces with robust and stable

203 c and dynamic nanomechanical analyses, resin-dentin microtensile bond strength, and micropermeability

204 the GA and EDTA solutions did not alter the dentin mineral content distribution.

205 ntinogenesis imperfecta, including decreased dentin mineral density, abnormal dentin architecture, wi

206 odontoblasts that functions in skeletal and dentin mineralization by initiating deposition of hydrox

207 This suggests that the Dspp-independent dentin mineralization defects in Trps1-Tg mice are a res

208 in the structure of intramembranous bone and dentin mineralization using 3 different age groups of DS

209 at the interface of the odontoblasts and the dentin or into the pulp core of mandible slices and subs

210 Phex mRNA was expressed by odontoblasts (dentin), osteocytes (bone), and cementocytes (cellular c

211 traction LC-MS/MS, peptides from the enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, pulp, and o

212 ly exposed dentinal tubules, which decreases dentin permeability.

213 of NF-kappaB-transgenic double mutants, the dentin phenotype, notably in the roots, was rescued and

214 protein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP).

215 The apatite/collagen ratio (A/C) in dentin powder were examined by Fourier transform infrare

216 Laser irradiation of exposed dentin promoted significant reduction in the dentin hydr

217 Mineralized enamel and dentin provide protection to the dental pulp, which is v

218 possess decreased adipogenic potential, form dentin pulp-like complexes, and are resistant to oncogen

219 s showed newly formed tertiary dentin at the dentin-pulp boundary in recombinant CPNE7-treated teeth

220 hat DSP may serve as a therapeutic agent for dentin-pulp complex regeneration in dental caries.

221 elopment of the calvaria, alveolar bone, and dentin-pulp complex.

222 regeneration, which may be useful in future dentin-pulp engineering strategies that target fibroblas

223 pulp stem cells, and may be useful in future dentin-pulp engineering strategies.

224 e used as permanent filling materials at the dentin-pulp interface in direct contact with irreversibl

225 Dentin-pulp regeneration is closely linked to the presen

226 ve and incipient interventions targeting the dentin-pulp regeneration process by linking the neurite

227 mechanism in one of the initial steps of the dentin-pulp regeneration process, linking pulp fibroblas

228 tic tool in targeting the fibroblasts in the dentin-pulp regeneration process.

229 g beneath carious injury, a critical step in dentin-pulp regeneration.

230 e cells constitutes an important step of the dentin-pulp regeneration.

231 tivation participates in 2 critical steps of dentin-pulp regeneration: pulp progenitor's recruitment

232 osuppressive functions of IP-DPSCs to enable dentin/pulp regeneration.

233 g that intact IP-DPSCs may be inadequate for dentin/pulp regeneration.

234 (IP-DPSCs) are considered to be suitable for dentin/pulp regeneration.

235 ndicate a promising therapeutic strategy for dentin/pulp tissue engineering in future endodontic trea

236 be a promising new therapeutic strategy for dentin/pulp tissue engineering in future endodontic trea

237 which was stronger in enamel (r = 0.63) than dentin (r = 0.35).

238 we attempted to improve the impaired in vivo dentin regeneration and in vitro immunosuppressive funct

239 gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment enhanced in vivo dentin regeneration and in vitro T cell suppression of I

240 onstrated promising results in terms of pulp-dentin regeneration in vivo through autologous transplan

241 e, cell proliferation, multipotency, in vivo dentin regeneration, and immunosuppressive activity, sug

242 internal resorption in the root canal, pulp/dentin regeneration, and root resorption in orthodontic

243 proved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.

244 terface, allowing bacterial colonization and dentin reinfection at the margins of the restoration.

245 o of pA to pB was determined to be ideal for dentin remineralization, based on hydroxyapatite (HA) mo

246 ere assessed by the working time for carious dentin removal and Knoop microhardness values, respectiv

247 sustained dentin matrix biomodification and dentin-resin bioadhesion of 2 fractions consisting exclu

248 nity to dental collagen, in the formation of dentin-resin bonds and compared it with 2 other dental a

249 PAC)-enriched extracts reinforces dentin and dentin-resin interfaces.

250 hydrophobic/water-repellent and antibiofilm dentin-resisting recurrent caries around bonded restorat

251 mesenchymal dental pulp cells in attenuating dentin resorption in homeostasis are also reviewed.

252 Mesenchymal attenuation of dentin resorption may have implications in internal reso

253 to 84% and 94% of the lesions on enamel and dentin, respectively.

254 to 81% and 91% of the lesions in enamel and dentin, respectively.Asfc, Sa, and Tfv were able to diff

255 cids, enzymes) degrade the components of the dentin/restoration interface, allowing bacterial coloniz

256 Dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) as a differentiation m

257 Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a dentin extracellu

258 Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a precursor protein

259 Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is an extracellular ma

260 Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a dentin extracellular matr

261 Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is essential for dentinogenesi

262 llular matrix protein that is processed into dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and

263 wed that while the immunostaining signals of dentin sialoprotein (N-terminal fragment of DSPP) were d

264 ograms of a ziggurat-shaped scatterer and of dentin slabs, with varying scatterer concentrations, are

265 the degradation of completely demineralized dentin specimens in contact with a filler-free or 2 ion-

266 Dentin specimens were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE)

267 Dentin specimens were bonded with either the CRM-based a

268 Sixty bovine root dentin specimens were divided into six groups (n = 10 in

269 t pannexin channels are involved in external dentin stimulation-induced ATP release.

270 carbenoxolone significantly reduced external dentin stimulation-induced ATP release.

271 compared with the total etched dentin at the dentin surface and extended deeply around dentinal tubul

272 formed pulp cells that attached to the inner dentin surface of the RS and infiltrated into the dentin

273 stable adhesion were created on e-GSE-primed dentin surfaces, leading to a dramatic decrease of the i

274 within hybrid layers, and kills bacteria on dentin surfaces, which are crucial factors for enhancing

275 The mean dentin thickness between the isthmus and the distal root

276 CPNE7 induces formation of tertiary dentin through shallowly exposed dentinal tubules, which

277 on the chemical and mechanical properties of dentin to investigate the potential use of GA as final i

278 Higher bond strength was observed for dentin treated with e-GSE as compared with DIMER(G) and

279 Root dentin treated with EDTA and GA presented similar KHN re

280 n ratio and flexural strength of mineralized dentin treated with GA were assessed.

281 partially dissolved apatite crystallites in dentin treated with the 15% 10-MDP primer.

282 ives developed more and deeper resin tags in dentin tubules and formed thicker hybrid layers at the c

283 In addition, the resins' infiltration to dentin tubules, mechanical performance, and chemical pro

284 n surface of the RS and infiltrated into the dentin tubules.

285 lasts and their processes extending into the dentin tubules.

286 uring the development, growth, and repair of dentin using mouse molars as a model.

287 ed tomography (micro-CT) findings of reduced dentin volume and density.

288 ceptor ablation exhibited a reduced tertiary dentin volume, mineral density, and ephrinB1 expression

289 n studies on demineralized and deproteinized dentin wafer is a powerful tool to determine the functio

290 cence was detected within hybrid layers when dentin was conditioned with chitosan, even after thermom

291 For XPB, dentin was etched and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min a

292 aries penetrating into inner enamel or outer dentin were included in the analyses.

293 ims to investigate the formation of tertiary dentin when CPNE7 is applied to intentionally exposed de

294 ferential adsorption on the mineral phase of dentin, which suggested that peptides arrange their cati

295 In conclusion, priming dentin with AAMPs is a versatile new approach with poten

296 ive technology consisting of priming/coating dentin with amphipathic and antimicrobial peptides (AAMP

297 , HA was nucleated on collagenase-challenged dentin with as little as 20 min of 1:4 peptide incubatio

298 d dry-bonded dentin indicated that chelating dentin with chitosan for 60 s prior to bonding did not r

299 the craniofacial skeleton, namely, bone and dentin with high expression levels in the dentin matrix.

300 en CPNE7 is applied to intentionally exposed dentin with nothing over it in vivo, whether it affects

301 pletely demineralized phosphoric acid-etched dentin, with values derived from dry bonding significant