ライフサイエンスコーパス: diaphragm

1 sts, effaced podocytes, and loss of the slit diaphragm.

2 ols critically important muscles such as the diaphragm.

3 151 local recurrent HCC lesions abutting the diaphragm.

4 ressive fibrosis and dysfunction of mdx(5cv) diaphragm.

5 nounced in the tibialis anterior than in the diaphragm.

6 e for a loss of Pax7+ satellite cells in the diaphragm.

7 sustained improvement of mdx(5cv)-Ccr2(-/-) diaphragm.

8 to invoke direct size selection by the slit diaphragm.

9 , but none are observed upstream of the slit diaphragm.

10 , which would lead to the disruption of slit diaphragm.

11 sustained in limb muscles than it is in the diaphragm.

12 eolytic activity and oxidative stress in the diaphragm.

13 and reduced dystrophic histopathology in the diaphragm.

14 c protein, is the main component of the slit diaphragm.

15 y lacuna channels and filtration by the slit diaphragm.

16 astus lateralis, mouse quadriceps, and mouse diaphragm.

17 nephrin, an essential component of the slit diaphragm.

18 e (364.1 +/- 37.7 MBq) PET/CT from pelvis to diaphragm.

19 ma filtration at the podocyte-generated slit diaphragm.

20 odies binding to THSD7A localize to the slit diaphragm.

21 ese structures can be covered by filter-like diaphragms.

22 n shown to be necessary for the formation of diaphragms.

23 r channels and effacement of nephrocyte slit diaphragms.

24 by foot process effacement and loss of slit diaphragms.

25 of participants had abnormalities above the diaphragm (AADs) detected at baseline, year 1, and year

26 tor neurons (PhMNs) that are responsible for diaphragm activation; PhMNs receive bulbospinal excitato

27 f animals displaying recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm activity increased in AAV-TrkB-treated (9/9) c

28 ung-protective ventilation while maintaining diaphragm activity under partial ventilatory support.

29 rtial ventilatory support, while maintaining diaphragm activity, in sedated patients with lung injury

30 spite recognized benefits, such as preserved diaphragm activity, partial support ventilation modes ma

31 metabolic deficits following restoration of diaphragm activity, probably explaining only partial fun

32 TS: Satellite cell depletion does not affect diaphragm adaptations to voluntary wheel running in youn

33 Co-localised images of diaphragm after TGF-alpha overexpression revealed a laye

34 We then investigated the time course of diaphragm amplitude changes following administration of

35 ith evidence of truncal hemorrhage below the diaphragm and decision for emergent hemorrhage control i

36 nction in these nerves - which innervate the diaphragm and genioglossus respectively - that we propos

37 protein (Plvap) is located in the fenestral diaphragm and is thought to play a role in the passage o

38 easures of drive (electrical activity of the diaphragm and muscular pressure over time) and P0.1ref.

39 cyst complex leads to disruption of the slit diaphragm and nephrocyte malfunction.

40 t the trial to assess pressure output of the diaphragm and overall respiratory motor output.

41 ect and systems-level evidence that the slit diaphragm and podocyte cytoskeleton are regulated target

42 dative stress and protein degradation in the diaphragm and prevents the reduction in contractility th

43 ession of fibrosis and calcifications in the diaphragm and progressive fibrosis accumulation in limb

44 leave the esophagus to enter into the crural diaphragm and the remainder terminate into the sling fib

45 Atrophy was quantified in the diaphragm and tibialis anterior by measuring fiber diame

46 tein Nephrin fail to develop functional slit diaphragms and display severe proteinuria.

47 pb mutants display deficiencies in fenestral diaphragms and increased density of hypophyseal fenestra

48 chnique for recurrent small HCC abutting the diaphragm, and both CT-RFA and L-RFA are effective techn

49 tidal volume (left and right chest wall and diaphragm, and left and right lung tidal volumes) measur

50 predictors of MRI tidal volumes (chest wall, diaphragm, and left and right separately), but assisted

51 correlations with tidal volumes (chest wall, diaphragm, and left and right separately).

52 iaphragm atrophy, to strengthen an atrophied diaphragm, and mitigate the harms of mechanical ventilat

53 ey structural component of the podocyte slit diaphragm, and proper expression of nephrin on the cell

54 us, LES, stomach, right and left crus of the diaphragm, and spine were segmented in each CT scan slic

55 ation provided clear delineation of diseased diaphragm, and together with organ bath assessment, prov

56 ity of the diaphragm, pressure output of the diaphragm, and Vt decreased and the respiratory rate inc

57 the pulmonary artery bifurcation (Ao-P) and diaphragm (Ao-D).

58 in sympathetic outflow originating from the diaphragm are attenuated in women, with potential implic

59 Podocyte foot process and slit diaphragm are the final barrier to prevent serum protein

60 ess, PLVAP in fetal LSEC (fenestrations with diaphragms) associated with LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel end

61 apparatus in mice lacking the critical slit diaphragm-associated protein CD2AP, highlighting the gre

62 ment led to decreased expression of the slit diaphragm-associated proteins podocin, nephrin, and syna

63 CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a slit diaphragm-associated scaffolding protein involved in sur

64 howed lower end-inspiration thickness of the diaphragm at total lung capacity (0.386 +/- 0.144 cm vs.

65 ng the fetal angiogenesis, but they lose the diaphragms at birth.

66 n: the purpose of this study was to quantify diaphragm atrophy in a population of critically ill mech

67 ring catheter may provide a means to prevent diaphragm atrophy, to strengthen an atrophied diaphragm,

68 Fibers were isolated from diaphragm biopsies of 36 mechanically ventilated critica

69 atment attenuated fibrotic deposition in the diaphragm by 28% (P < 0.05) after 10 weeks in mdx mice a

70 ce of expansion of the diaphragm muscle, the diaphragm central tendon is reduced in size, likely cont

71 To address these questions, we engineered diaphragm clamps using mechanically highly durable mater

72 se protocol on the design and manufacture of diaphragm clamps.

73 es, is considered a "stabilizer" of the slit diaphragm complex that connects the slit diaphragm prote

74 lylation resulted in mislocalization of slit diaphragm components, whereas podocalyxin localization w

75 had physical breaks in the left crus of the diaphragm CONCLUSIONS: Besides LES, the 3D pressure prof

76 revealed that Neph1 and Nephrin, major slit diaphragm constituents, were mislocalized and/or lost.

77 The lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm constitute the intrinsic and extrinsic sphinct

78 Hence, results may not accurately reflect diaphragm contractility.

79 pproach using electrical stimulation-induced diaphragm contraction to ventilate the lung.

80 We report here that periodic diaphragm contraction via phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS

81 d to fire in a pattern that drives efficient diaphragm contraction.

82 an be expressed on endothelial cells without diaphragms, contradict the prevailing concept that bioge

83 unction of the major inspiratory muscle, the diaphragm, contributing to ventilator dependence.

84 e silencing of c3g partly rescued nephrocyte diaphragm defects of an sns overexpression phenotype, po

85 nephrocyte filtration and caused nephrocyte diaphragm defects.

86 process effacement and better-preserved slit-diaphragm density compared with wild-type littermates in

87 AX), spirometry, endurance time, and maximal diaphragm descent were significantly correlated.

88 normal retinoic acid signaling that promotes diaphragm development.

89 The rupture frequency and hemifusion diaphragm diameter were not affected by G1S mutation, bu

90 mice revealed that the absence of PLVAP and diaphragms did not affect the morphology, the number of

91 eading to aberrant nephrin turnover and slit diaphragm disassembly.

92 Diaphragm displacement and thickening fraction were dete

93 Changes in diaphragm displacement from quiet breathing to deep brea

94 invasive ventilation interruption, PaCO2 and diaphragm displacement remained unchanged regardless of

95 The diaphragm displacement was no different among trials (p

96 Prolonged satellite cell depletion in the diaphragm does not result in excessive extracellular mat

97 ould focus on the role of Pax3+ cells in the diaphragm during adaptation to exercise and ageing.

98 Maximal thickening fraction of the diaphragm during inspiration (TFdi,max) was calculated u

99 en hypothesized that electrically pacing the diaphragm during mechanical ventilation could reduce dia

100 how that fenestrations in LSEC contain PLVAP-diaphragms during the fetal angiogenesis, but they lose

101 and regulate podocyte cytoskeleton and slit diaphragm dynamics, MAGI2 mutations have not been descri

102 Nevertheless, little is known regarding diaphragm dysfunction in HD patients.

103 ed to define the nature of hiatal and crural diaphragm dysfunction in patients with achalasia of the

104 RATIONALE: Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction is a significant contributor to we

105 Diaphragm dysfunction is twice as frequent as limb muscl

106 al ventilation (MV)-acquired limb muscle and diaphragm dysfunction may both be associated with longer

107 Diaphragm dysfunction was associated with higher ICU and

108 eathing trial after at least 24 hours of MV, diaphragm dysfunction was evaluated using twitch trachea

109 r first spontaneous breathing trial: 63% had diaphragm dysfunction, 34% had limb muscle weakness, and

110 nerve pacing may mitigate ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction.

111 m during mechanical ventilation could reduce diaphragm dysfunction.

112 tor, many of whom acquire ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction.

113 een proposed to attenuate ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction.

114 r cardiovascular malformations, pancreas and diaphragm dysgenesis that arise in patients with distinc

115 Diaphragm elastic modulus assessed by OCT-based indentat

116 Diaphragm elastic modulus at left and right lateral loca

117 2.5 to 10.7 +/- 1.2 cm H2O; P < 0.0001), and diaphragm electrical activity (17.4 +/- 2.3 to 4.5 +/- 0

118 Transdiaphragmatic pressure and diaphragm electrical activity were measured throughout t

119 Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent diaphragm electromyography electrode implantation and SH

120 Oesophageal pressure, diaphragm electromyography, and sensory responses (categ

121 cter (LES) and skeletal muscle of the crural diaphragm (esophagus hiatus) provide the sphincter mecha

122 Intramuscular MPs in mdx(5cv)-Ccr2(-/-) diaphragm expressed a low level of IL-1beta, IL-6, and I

123 We investigated whether similarities in diaphragm fatigability persist under acute hypoxic condi

124 es, females would develop a similar level of diaphragm fatigue and an attenuated cardiovascular respo

125 We asked if sex differences in diaphragm fatigue and the inspiratory muscle metaborefle

126 ratory muscle endurance time, slower rate of diaphragm fatigue development, and a blunted pressor res

127 Diaphragm fatigue was assessed via twitch P(di) (P(di,tw

128 ragmatic work resulted in an equal degree of diaphragm fatigue, despite women performing significantl

129 xic conditions, both healthy female and male diaphragms fatigue at a similar degree when matched for

130 The female diaphragm fatigues at a slower rate compared to that of

131 Diaphragm fibroblasts at 14 wk showed a similar cell num

132 g effacement and disorganization of the slit diaphragm, followed by foot process disappearance, flatt

133 in this paper yields reliable and consistent diaphragm force data.

134 We compared the diaphragm force from the same mouse with both suture and

135 Maximum diaphragm force in conventional organ bath studies was a

136 mdx diaphragm force is commonly assessed ex vivo, precluding

137 erences are due to discrepancies in absolute diaphragm force output.

138 After 6 hours of mechanical ventilation, diaphragm force production was decreased by 25-30%, rest

139 For each group, diaphragm force production, posttranslational modificati

140 ndothelial protein with roles in endothelial diaphragm formation and maintenance of basal vascular pe

141 gins on glomerular vascularization with slit diaphragm formation in development.

142 Silencing fly PRKCI further impairs slit diaphragm formation.

143 nt amplitude than a commercial polypropylene diaphragm found in an audio speaker.

144 suprathreshold endplate potentials in mouse diaphragms fully intoxicated by BoNT/A.

145 Utilizing a rat hemisection model, diaphragm function and paralysis was assessed and recove

146 e have comprehensively characterized in vivo diaphragm function and phenotype.

147 ng imaging tool to evaluate and quantify the diaphragm function and stiffness in relevant patients.

148 -alpha overexpression produces impairment in diaphragm function and, therefore, an increase in the wo

149 ny laboratory interested in performing mouse diaphragm function assay.

150 respiratory axon plasticity and recovery of diaphragm function following spinal cord injury.

151 Spinal treatment can restore diaphragm function in all animals 1 month following C2 h

152 Methods that can accurately quantify diaphragm function in mouse models are essential for pre

153 Diaphragm function is usually measured using the diaphra

154 Improving diaphragm function through targeted therapies may positi

155 Resting in vivo diaphragm function was also unaffected by satellite cell

156 Assessing gas exchange, diaphragm function, respiratory rate, and patient comfor

157 e work loops reveal a significant deficit in diaphragm functional properties following chronic injury

158 increasing oxygen supply, restoring optimal diaphragm functional properties.

159 d its phosphorylation in the context of slit diaphragm functionality, and indicate a fine-tuned affin

160 eleton, ear, branchial arches, heart, lungs, diaphragm, gut, kidneys, and gonads.

161 ty on respiratory muscles-in particular, the diaphragm-has not been investigated in detail.

162 rization disappears in the skeletal muscles, diaphragm, heart, spleen, and brain and partially in the

163 tocol, transvenous stimulation activated the diaphragm in 22 of 23 (96%) left phrenic capture attempt

164 we directly use the ultrathin wood film as a diaphragm in a real speaker that can output music.

165 t of atrophy and contractile weakness of the diaphragm in critically ill patients.

166 , closely following the meanders of the slit diaphragm in human and mice.

167 recapitulates the evolutionary origin of the diaphragm in mammals.

168 enic nerve pacing therapy for protecting the diaphragm in sedated and ventilated pigs.

169 vely sensitive to electrical activity of the diaphragm in terms of triggering.

170 Thus, MV-induced diaphragm inactivity initiates catabolic changes via rap

171 Previous data from Stac3-deleted diaphragms indicated that Stac3-deleted skeletal muscle

172 d blood vascular network in the lung and the diaphragm, indicative of an angiogenetic defect.

173 ive and effort may help to minimize lung and diaphragm injury.

174 Hoxa5 in motor neurons resulted in abnormal diaphragm innervation and musculature, and lung hypoplas

175 s podocyte shape, structure, stability, slit diaphragm insertion, adhesion, plasticity, and dynamic r

176 its recycling required for maintaining slit diaphragm integrity.

177 2 leads to excessively long myofibers in the diaphragm, intercostal and levator auris muscles but not

178 oglossus), jaw (digastric), and respiration (diaphragm, internal intercostal, external abdominal obli

179 The diaphragm is an important regulator of expiration.

180 ircumferential squeeze of the LES and crural diaphragm is generated by a unique myo-architectural des

181 found that, in acute hypoxia, fatigue of the diaphragm is greater in women compared to men, whereas t

182 T: Satellite cell contribution to unstressed diaphragm is higher compared to hind limb muscles, which

183 We conclude that the female diaphragm is more susceptible to fatigue after inspirato

184 We conclude that the female diaphragm is protected against severe fatigue when inspi

185 null mutants, indicating that the defective diaphragm is the main cause of impaired survival at birt

186 RATIONALE: The diaphragm is the major inspiratory muscle and is assumed

187 Diaphragm lactate release increased in CMV transiently w

188 Drosophila nephrocytes form a slit diaphragm-like filtration barrier and express the Nephri

189 The twist of A-C linker results in an iris diaphragm-like motion of the triplets in the longitudina

190 he Pals1 ortholog caused alterations in slit-diaphragm-like structures.

191 magnitude higher than those of conventional diaphragm materials (e.g., silica, silver films).

192 Satellite cell depletion did not alter diaphragm mean fibre cross-sectional area, fibre type di

193 Tyrosine phosphorylation of slit diaphragm molecules can influence their surface expressi

194 Coq2, the silencing of which disrupted slit diaphragm morphology.

195 ak physiological mechanical stimulation from diaphragm motions and blood pulsation.

196 Diaphragm MPs from both mdx(5cv)-Ccr2(-/-) and mdx(5cv)

197 both young and aged satellite cell-depleted diaphragm muscle (P < 0.05), which may compensate for th

198 Spontaneous recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity is associated with increased p

199 we hypothesize that recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity post-SH, whether spontaneous o

200 mproved muscle pathology and function in mdx diaphragm muscle at early stages.

201 The mdx diaphragm muscle closely mimics the pathophysiological c

202 unction in the contractile properties of the diaphragm muscle contributes to the morbidity and mortal

203 CCR2 deficiency reduced quadriceps and diaphragm muscle damage and fibrosis at 14 wk but not at

204 ng the major effectors of ventilator-induced diaphragm muscle dysfunction (VIDD), but the upstream in

205 Critically ill patients have manifest diaphragm muscle fiber atrophy and weakness in the absen

206 The clamp method can better maintain diaphragm muscle fiber orientation but is used less ofte

207 Diaphragm muscle fibers from critically ill patients dis

208 We hypothesized that weakness of diaphragm muscle fibers in critically ill patients is ac

209 ial function, and mitochondrial structure in diaphragm muscle fibers.

210 This enhanced the diaphragm muscle force, to a greater extent with lower l

211 chronic high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs diaphragm muscle function, as assessed in vivo by ultras

212 c and functional abnormalities of the crural diaphragm muscle in patients with achalasia esophagus.

213 ased transsynaptic tracing strategy from the diaphragm muscle in the mouse, that the principal inspir

214 finding may be related to sex differences in diaphragm muscle metabolism, such as fibre type composit

215 Upon injection into the diaphragm muscle of rats, we show that the nanoconjugate

216 is at 14 wk but not at 6 mo, and it improved diaphragm muscle regeneration and respiratory function a

217 njury causes global and local alterations in diaphragm muscle vascular supply, limiting oxygen diffus

218 ts, but as a consequence of expansion of the diaphragm muscle, the diaphragm central tendon is reduce

219 rednisolone-induced reduction in fibrosis in diaphragm muscles of dko mice (23%, P < 0.05) after 8 we

220 Diaphragm muscles were analysed from young (8 months) an

221 different muscles (for example, limb versus diaphragm muscles) is determined by the levels of the tr

222 e loss of function of slow-twitch soleus and diaphragm muscles.

223 in central nervous system synapses and mouse diaphragm neuromuscular junctions fully intoxicated by B

224 Our findings suggest that the slit diaphragm of Drosophila nephrocytes requires balanced en

225 in involved in the stabilization of the slit diaphragm of mature podocytes and that autoantibodies to

226 m following intramuscular injection into the diaphragm of rats.

227 e (SSE) replacing the liquid electrolyte and diaphragm of traditional Li-ion batteries.

228 on at the most highly fragmented NMJs in the diaphragms of old (26-28 months) mice is, if anything, s

229 In this First-in-Human series, diaphragm pacing with a temporary catheter was safe and

230 expansion and collagen deposition within the diaphragm parallel contractile deficits.

231 Unilateral diaphragm paralysis was identified in 3 infants.

232 life (4 months of age) has minimal effect on diaphragm phenotype by old age (24 months).

233 In this paper, a microfluidic tactile diaphragm pressure sensor based on embedded Galinstan mi

234 DMS) wristband with an embedded microfluidic diaphragm pressure sensor capable of real-time pulse mon

235 ential amplitude, electrical activity of the diaphragm, pressure output of the diaphragm, and Vt decr

236 tion events have an important effect on slit diaphragm protein localization and functionality in vivo

237 tain mutations in the gene encoding the slit diaphragm protein Nephrin fail to develop functional sli

238 lit diaphragm complex that connects the slit diaphragm protein nephrin to the cytoskeleton of the cel

239 showed TBC1D8B also interacts with the slit diaphragm protein nephrin, and colocalizes with it in im

240 hrocytes entailed defective delivery of slit diaphragm protein to the membrane, whereas RAB11 overexp

241 Expression of several key slit diaphragm protein was down regulated in pGR KO mice.

242 ntracellular movements of this critical slit diaphragm protein.

243 Although the slit diaphragm proteins in podocytes are uniquely organized t

244 The slit diaphragm proteins partially colocalized with Sec15, Rab

245 We also examined the colocalization of slit diaphragm proteins with exocyst protein Sec15 and with e

246 super-resolution confocal microscopy of slit diaphragm proteins, and used transmission electron micro

247 Here, we discovered that two Drosophila slit diaphragm proteins, orthologs of the human genes encodin

248 m capillary-like structures and express slit diaphragm proteins.

249 the lens chamber using servo motor actuated diaphragm pumps.

250 satellite cell depletion negatively impacts diaphragm quantitative and qualitative characteristics u

251 AAV2-BDNF promoted significant functional diaphragm recovery, as assessed by in vivo electromyogra

252 novel role for FAP-mediated fibro-adipogenic diaphragm remodeling in obesity-associated respiratory d

253 Spontaneous diaphragm rupture is a rare but potentially life-threate

254 Moreover, the slit diaphragm's highly organized surface structure-essential

255 We simulated the diaphragm's in vivo cyclical length change and activity

256 structurally and functionally alter the slit diaphragm's permeability to protein.

257 there is no definitive evidence to show slit diaphragm (SD) to TJ transition in vivo Here, we report

258 The podocyte slit diaphragm (SD), responsible for blood filtration in vert

259 ters were derived from lung, chest wall, and diaphragm segmentations, and parameter changes before ve

260 a block containing the human LES and crural diaphragm, serially sectioned at 50 mum intervals and im

261 ly induced neuromechanical uncoupling of the diaphragm should facilitate lung-protective ventilation

262 on, attenuates muscle pathology and improves diaphragm, skeletal muscle and cardiac function.

263 AP are also physiologically relevant to slit diaphragm stability.

264 However, at 12 months, mdx(betageo) diaphragm strength was lower, whereas fibrosis increased

265 When matched for maximal diaphragm strength, women and men had a similar pressor

266 a step by step protocol on how to mount the diaphragm strip to the clamp and then to the muscle forc

267 Two methods have been used to attach the diaphragm strip to the force transducer.

268 hragm function is usually measured using the diaphragm strip.

269 on capacity, but exhibited no change in slit diaphragm structure.

270 There was a nonsignificant decrease in diaphragm tetanic force production over the experiment i

271 sis triggered transient fiber atrophy in the diaphragm that lasted for 24 hours and prolonged atrophy

272 microscopy, we present images of hemifusion diaphragms that form as stalks expand and propose a mode

273 eas in the adult LSEC (fenestrations without diaphragms) these complexes disappeared.

274 e, sought to determine if a low preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi) determined by ultra

275 oxygen resulted in a remarkable increase in diaphragm thickening fraction, high-flow oxygen therapy

276 o evaluate diaphragmatic function, including diaphragm thickness and excursion during quiet and deep

277 Diaphragm thickness assessed by ultrasound and normalize

278 The diaphragm thickness at end-inspirium and thickening rati

279 The diaphragm thickness at end-inspirium and thickening rati

280 mouse diaphragm was measured from changes in diaphragm thickness in response to an applied force prov

281 Mean diaphragm thickness increased from baseline by 7.8% at 2

282 variables, stimulation breath synchrony, and diaphragm thickness measured by ultrasound at baseline,

283 Diaphragm thickness, SE, and strain ratio values of pati

284 Objectives: We applied this technique to the diaphragm to assess the velocity of diaphragmatic muscle

285 Nephrin signals from the podocyte slit diaphragm to the Actin cytoskeleton by recruiting protei

286 evaluate the thickness and stiffness of the diaphragm, using ultrasound (US) and strain elastography

287 ed indentation, the elastic modulus of mouse diaphragm was measured from changes in diaphragm thickne

288 h it is thought that PLVAP only localizes to diaphragms, we found luminal localization of PLVAP in ad

289 The mechanisms underlying diaphragm weakness are unknown, but might include mitoch

290 RATIONALE: The clinical significance of diaphragm weakness in critically ill patients is evident

291 s, change level, and thickening ratio of the diaphragm were significantly higher in the control group

292 The velocity and excursion of the diaphragm were significantly lower in the HD patients du

293 However, metabolic demands of the diaphragm were significantly reduced following both inju

294 The muscle fascicles of the right crus of diaphragm which form the esophageal hiatus are arranged

295 erminant of the structural integrity of slit diaphragm, which is a critical component of kidney's fil

296 is a unique cell junction known as the slit diaphragm, which is physically connected to the actin cy

297 We therefore challenged the diaphragm with prolonged running activity in the presenc

298 liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, heart and diaphragm without causing significant histopathological

299 Maintaining diaphragm work using electrical stimulation during mecha

300 During PTL, the absolute amount of diaphragm work was not different between men (13,399 +/-