ライフサイエンスコーパス: efferent

1 achieve graded muscle contraction (actuation efferent).

2 s were neither type I SGNs nor olivocochlear efferents.

3 propriate activation of selected sympathetic efferents.

4 on and the ability to effect actions through efferents.

5 al signals in the afferent (0.7-4.4 m/s) and efferent (0.7-8.8 m/s) directions, and monitored firing

6 non-dopaminergic component predominated VTA efferents, accounting for more than 50% of all projectin

7 Efferent activation of the cervical vagus nerve (cVN) da

8 e model (of either sex) with enhanced medial efferent activity (Chrna9L9'T, L9'T) to further understa

9 ement, there is still much unknown about how efferent activity affects hearing mechanics.

10 e inhibitory influence opposes I (H) Because efferent activity can partly close I (KL), VGN firing pa

11 c acid elicits a reflex stimulation of vagal efferent activity sufficient to cause bronchoconstrictio

12 rom the cut left cardiac vagal branch showed efferent activity that peaked in post-inspiration, appro

13 AChR is an important component of vestibular efferent activity, other peripheral or central nAChRs in

14 eceptive field maps of hair cells undergoing efferent actuation demonstrated an overall desensitizati

15 nt firing, particularly irregular afferents, efferents adjust neural activity sensitive to rapid head

16 Our findings suggest the degeneration of efferent/afferent thalamic projections and/or a neurodeg

17 nts in their peripherally located parts, and efferents also innervate muscle fibers.

18 to a mixed peripheral nerve, typically both efferent and afferent fibres are recruited.

19 requirement for capsid function at both the efferent and afferent phases of viral replication.

20 ns in the human brainstem, and we define the efferent and afferent projection patterns of LJA5 neuron

21 is suggests that, through the integration of efferent and afferent signals, the safety boundary aroun

22 among neurons that have been chronically de-efferented and de-afferented due to amputation.

23 independent information about its long-range efferents and afferents.

24 ets suggests that terminal populations of L5 efferents are not consistently large but vary with corti

25 rms of the afferent arm of sensation and the efferent arm of action - as a generalizable definition.

26 For the efferent arm, the magnitude of the ensuing antigen-speci

27 sels, large saccular aneurysms with multiple efferent arteries, dolichoectatic aneurysms, large aneur

28 l the renal response to hyperglycemia at the efferent arteriole.

29 umber of branches to travel from afferent to efferent arterioles) is relatively independent of glomer

30 ular smooth muscle cells of the afferent and efferent arterioles, parietal epithelial cells, and thre

31 Relative sparing of the efferent auditory and vestibular neurons suggests that a

32 pendent of food intake and involved specific efferent autonomic pathways.

33 ked by direct stimulation of parasympathetic efferent axons to the heart.

34 ssociated viral tracings to label excitatory efferent axons.

35 The efferent boutons on vestibular cells in alpha9, alpha10,

36 described no-cross zone between afferent and efferent branches on the vascular pole side; connections

37 e nucleus, removed post-inspiratory peaks in efferent cardiac vagal activity and suppressed RSA, wher

38 fied based on their response to afferent and efferent cardiovascular stimuli, with neurons that respo

39 he radial axis that underlie afferent versus efferent circuits between the inner ear and the brain.

40 that the pancreatic islets are innervated by efferent circuits that emanate from the hypothalamus.

41 1/Cre mice to label specifically and map the efferent connections of the Foxb1-expressing subpopulati

42 The afferent and efferent connections of the IP have hitherto not been sy

43 pathway from the cochlea to auditory cortex; efferent connections provide descending feedback.

44 n flow in cortical circuits, as afferent and efferent connections terminate in different cortical lay

45 the adult thalamus, whose main afferent and efferent connections were assessed by tracing techniques

46 be defined by a distinct set of afferent and efferent connections, microstimulation responses, and le

47 coupling of subthalamic nucleus afferent and efferent connections.

48 es as well as neurotransmitter phenotype and efferent connectivity during subsequent stages of habenu

49 led striking alterations in the afferent and efferent connectivity of newborn Tau(VLW) DGCs, and mono

50 t to adopt left-type molecular character and efferent connectivity upon the presence of only a few pa

51 mostly male-typical pattern of afferent and efferent connectivity, including robust HVC innervation

52 els appear prior to the establishment of the efferent contacts, suggesting that IHCs may play a direc

53 to the medial prefrontal cortex, that these efferents contribute to fear memory behavior, and that C

54 In addition to demonstrating how the efferent control loop of a sensory structure regulates w

55 However, the molecular players serving efferent control of LL hair cell (HC) activity have not

56 these data demonstrate the utility of paired efferent cVNS and afferent KES nerve block for achieving

57 tes the GSN in a dose-dependent manner; (ii) efferent cVNS enabled by complete afferent KES nerve blo

58 Selective efferent cVNS enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of

59 rent KES nerve block for achieving selective efferent cVNS, specifically as it relates to neuromodula

60 ults demonstrate that: (i) afferent, but not efferent, cVNS synchronously activates the GSN in a dose

61 ade trans-synaptic transport of cre from NAc efferents decreased cocaine self-administration in rats.

62 The effective coupling dominated in the efferent direction between (1) force and the approximate

63 , the effective coupling was dominant in the efferent direction.

64 enerated in the context of NMES triggered by efferent drive or via indirect methods such as mental im

65 These data suggest that defective efferent duct development is the dominant cause of male

66 the rete testes, sperm agglutinations in the efferent ducts and lack of spermatozoa in the epididymis

67 ion of functional multiciliated cells in the efferent ducts that are required for spermatozoa to ente

68 Main outcome measure is the recovery of efferent dysfunction at the last known follow-up, coded

69 role of systemic steroid in the recovery of efferent dysfunctions in HZO.

70 ardiac responses of WKY and SH rats to vagal efferent electrical stimulation.

71 ons and interneurons onto which both central efferent expiratory and locomotor drives converge, presu

72 ed olivocochlear inhibition, suggesting that efferent feedback is important for long-term maintenance

73 ished physiological markers for afferent and efferent fiber activation by VNS: stimulus-elicited chan

74 studies of the cochlear projections of these efferent fibers in animal models, comparable data for hu

75 Thermal inhibition of efferent fibers results in a profound inhibition of irre

76 erior or posterior direction [6], as well as efferent fibers that are active during motor behavior to

77 lopment, however, medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent fibers transiently innervate the IHCs.

78 ed by medial olivocochlear (MOC) cholinergic efferent fibers.

79 When functional effects of afferent and efferent fibre activation were balanced, a null HRR was

80 also found that lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent fibres re-form functional axon-somatic connecti

81 s, we combined electrical stimulation of the efferent fibres with patch clamp recordings from the IHC

82 ger presynaptic terminals, and more putative efferent filopodial contacts onto inhibitory neurons.

83 We found that the efferents from the visual DVR originated solely from the

84 and motor actions through striatum-targeting efferents from ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substant

85 esent work shows that genetic enhancement of efferent function disrupts the orderly topographic distr

86 lood pressure or due to remodelling of vagal efferent function.

87 t sensory axons and in both polar regions by efferent gamma-motoneurons.

88 Specific expression was also seen in efferent habenular fibers projecting to the interpeduncu

89 owever, the functional role of distinct lPBN efferents in diverse nocifensive responses have remained

90 Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in mice 24 hours before IRI markedly attenuate

91 ally specific optogenetic inhibition of RMTg efferents in the ventral tegmental area.

92 proprioceptive organs that are innervated by efferents in their peripherally located parts, and effer

93 athway is in a key position to provide motor efferent information to the cerebellum, satisfying predi

94 depends on internal forward models that use (efferent) information from our motor commands to predict

95 ceptor mGluR1 increases the strength of this efferent inhibition by enhancing the presynaptic release

96 tagonist, indicating that enhancement of IHC efferent inhibition is mediated by group I mGluRs and sp

97 nner hair cells may increase the strength of efferent inhibition via the activation of group I metabo

98 ate released from the IHCs also enhances IHC efferent inhibition via the activation of group I mGluRs

99 group I-specific mGluR agonists enhances IHC efferent inhibition.

100 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

101 ils, we observed alterations in afferent and efferent innervation as well as their patterns of develo

102 A descending efferent innervation from the CNS contacts the hair cell

103 cts specific to ventral motoneuron axons and efferent innervation of the cochlea.

104 tion in several species, characterization of efferent innervation patterns and the relative distribut

105 ane currents, retain pre-hearing current and efferent innervation profiles and have fewer ribbon syna

106 results indicate that the transient cochlear efferent innervation to inner hair cells during the crit

107 s work adds to the notion that the transient efferent innervation to the cochlea is necessary for the

108 prioceptive joint receptors, suggesting that efferent innervation to this sense organ employs other r

109 Auditory hair cells receive olivocochlear efferent innervation, which refines tonotopic mapping, i

110 hair-cell organs are devoid of afferent and efferent innervation-to KA or NMDA.

111 ged postnatal reorganization of afferent and efferent innervation.

112 synapse numbers, outward ionic currents, and efferent innervation.

113 the auditory and vestibular systems receive efferent innervation.

114 e inner hair cells (IHCs) receive inhibitory efferent input from cholinergic medial olivocochlear (MO

115 signaling in the cochlea indicate that this efferent input modulates, rather than initiates, spontan

116 ust before the onset of hearing, descending (efferent) input from cholinergic neurons originating in

117 In this way, efferent inputs adjust the contribution of the periphera

118 stibular end organs in the inner ear receive efferent inputs from the brainstem.

119 Efferent inputs to neurons were maintained post-MI.

120 , or convergent (receiving both afferent and efferent inputs).

121 sensory signal transmission is modulated by efferent inputs.

122 system, and in motor imagery task, when only efferent (intentional) information is available to predi

123 llografts by modulating various afferent and efferent limbs of allogenic immune responses.

124 e of Tfh present within the major conduit of efferent lymph from lymphoid tissues into blood, the hum

125 immune cells in human and non-human primate efferent lymph were T cells.

126 in LNs prevents CCL19/CCL21 accumulation in efferent lymph, but does not control intranodal gradient

127 inity effector CD8(+) T cells accumulated at efferent lymphatic vessels for egress, whereas high affi

128 ransiting through sequential lymph nodes and efferent lymphatic vessels to enter the bloodstream.

129 r during transit, first in afferent and then efferent lymphatics that carry the bacteria through succ

130 like cell type out of the lymph node via the efferent lymphatics that may enhance Ag-specific immunit

131 ntirely via L-selectin and actively exit via efferent lymphatics via an S1P dependent mechanism.

132 ugh MAdCAM-1(+) high endothelial venules and efferent lymphatics, and had immune profiles consistent

133 of the auditory system, is regulated by the efferent medial olivocochlear (MOC) system that transien

134 inhibition in bouton afferents while leaving efferent-mediated excitation in CD units largely intact.

135 In the turtle, efferent-mediated fast excitation arises in CD afferents

136 was unaffected by nAChR compounds that block efferent-mediated fast excitation, but were mimicked by

137 ngarotoxin and alpha-conotoxin RgIA, blocked efferent-mediated inhibition in bouton afferents while l

138 These data highlight an efferent-mediated mechanism for enhancing afferent sensi

139 ctive antagonist XE991 mimicked and occluded efferent-mediated slow excitation in CD afferents.

140 ever, it is unclear whether the accompanying efferent-mediated slow excitation is also attributed to

141 We demonstrate for the first time that efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferent

142 Efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferent

143 Efferent-mediated slow excitation or muscarine applicati

144 Efferent-mediated slow excitation was unaffected by nACh

145 To identify synaptic processes underlying efferent-mediated slow excitation, we recorded from CD a

146 onse to VNS and enhanced the parasympathetic efferent-mediated suppressing effect on electrical and m

147 ace of the vacuole membrane before releasing efferent molecules, vacuole membrane proteins were purif

148 It is hypothesized that efferent motoneuron output, in conjunction with electric

149 re simultaneously demultiplexed from ongoing efferent motor intention, enabling intracortically contr

150 nsible for these changes is predominantly of efferent (motor) rather than re-afferent (sensory) origi

151 Supporting this, paired stimulation of the efferent nerve and tibialis anterior generated an increa

152 ves, which was largely due to an increase in efferent nerve traffic.

153 inflammatory signals from the intestine with efferent neural inputs.

154 The afferent and efferent neuroanatomical connectivity of the subregions

155 to the specification of BMP target genes in efferent neuron subsets.

156 traditional synaptic contacts with auditory efferent neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, as well as

157 erent synapses are organized, and to compare efferent neuronal labeling patterns in turtle with two o

158 Here we sought to identify reliable efferent neuronal markers in the vestibular periphery of

159 (r4), of the hindbrain and a group of caudal efferent neurons (CENs) that arises in r5.

160 ocus on the development of the octavolateral efferent neurons (OENs) and their interactions with the

161 n in two distinct groups: a group of rostral efferent neurons (RENs) that arises in the fourth segmen

162 We explored how stimulation of the efferent neurons affects the mechanical responsiveness o

163 In vertebrate animals, motor and sensory efferent neurons carry information from the central nerv

164 Stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons excites calyx and dimorphic (CD) affere

165 In addition, we find that two populations of efferent neurons from different regions of the lPBN coll

166 The activation of efferent neurons in heterozygous mice evoked biphasic po

167 Medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent neurons in the brainstem comprise the final sta

168 LL responsiveness is modulated by efferent neurons that aid in distinguishing between exte

169 ditional motif instances functional in other efferent neurons, implicating broader functions for this

170 rior crista during electrical stimulation of efferent neurons, in combination with pharmacological pr

171 se target genes across subsets of Drosophila efferent neurons, to differentiate neuropeptidergic neur

172 of function from OHCs and both afferent and efferent neurons.

173 arises in CD afferents when the predominant efferent neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) activates

174 ransmission from hair cells and modulated by efferent neurotransmitters or evoked by extracellular fi

175 plex (PB), they synaptically engage distinct efferent nodes, the pre-locus coeruleus (pLC), and centr

176 r innervation of both the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus and saccule, the main hearing endorgan

177 ing the inner ear and the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus in the plainfin midshipman, a vocal fis

178 In addition, we found that the octavolateral efferent (OE) nucleus is the likely source of cholinergi

179 Efferents of the CA1-projecting subiculum neurons also t

180 re it mediates synaptic transmission between efferent olivocochlear cholinergic fibers and cochlea ha

181 thalamic nucleus (STN) in a feed-forward, or efferent-only, mechanism.

182 ns were functionally classified as afferent, efferent, or convergent (receiving both afferent and eff

183 bal pattern of these outputs, we examined L5 efferents originating from four cortical areas: somatose

184 ether there are corresponding differences in efferent outputs from these four quadrants of the SPZ (d

185 of regenerated neurons to their afferent and efferent partners, and regaining of lost spatial memory.

186 The efferent pathway is believed to affect the sensitivity a

187 yramidal tract-type neurons form the primary efferent pathway that conveys motor commands to the spin

188 This is shaped by an efferent pathway that descends from the brainstem and ma

189 tion are modulated by the olivocochlear (OC) efferent pathway.

190 n (cVNS) one should selectively activate the efferent pathway.

191 ive synaptic relays in a simple, cholinergic efferent pathway.

192 n neural connectivity, affecting hippocampal efferent pathways documented by magnetic resonance imagi

193 ) in male zebra finches identified prominent efferent pathways from HVC to vocal-motor cortex (RA, ro

194 and one of two dopamine-receptor-expressing efferent pathways of the striatum.

195 (KES) nerve block to preferentially activate efferent pathways while blocking afferent pathways.

196 d MSNs, two inhibitory outputs form two main efferent pathways, the direct and indirect pathways.

197 noeuvres can engage a variety of sensory and efferent pathways, under some circumstances the physiolo

198 l investigations, activate both afferent and efferent pathways.

199 er DeltaBR) whereas cathode caudad caused an efferent pattern (stronger DeltaHR).

200 dition to a laminar framework, LCIC afferent-efferent patterns suggest a multimodal mosaic, consistin

201 mPFC to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) this efferent population was selectively silenced.

202 The efferent post-synaptic SK2 channels appear prior to the

203 tact, indicating that a complete afferent-to-efferent (PPN) circuit was necessary for ExPANs to regul

204 immunofluorescent quantification showed that efferent presynaptic terminals of BKalpha(-/-) OHCs were

205 this circuit, and demonstrate that specific efferent projection pathways differentially control diff

206 DA systems, we set out to identify both the efferent projection patterns of VTA MC3R neurons and the

207 olecularly distinct subtype - possess unique efferent projections and electrophysiological properties

208 While its cytoarchitecture and overall efferent projections are known, we lack comprehensive in

209 The efferent projections confirm this view and, given its di

210 s is an example of functional integration of efferent projections from grafted neurons into the strok

211 ork, we describe the pattern of afferent and efferent projections of the ACo by using fluorogold and

212 Previous studies have shown that the efferent projections of the visual DVR originate mainly

213 II-expressing neurons, suggesting changes in efferent projections of these areas.

214 for PL in cocaine seeking by implicating PL efferent projections to RMTg in inhibiting cue-induced r

215 Activation of efferent projections to the ventromedial hypothalamus (V

216 systematically classify PB neurons and their efferent projections will enhance the translation of res

217 ng roles for PL may be supported by distinct efferent projections.

218 vity is mediated by the medial olivocochlear efferent reflex, which suppresses the gain of the 'cochl

219 This supports the hypothesis that efferent regulation may be a biological control paramete

220 number of prior studies have indicated that efferent regulation serves to diminish the overall sensi

221 d pain hypersensitivity but fails to trigger efferent release of neuropeptides and neurogenic inflamm

222 to estimate arteriolar afferent resistance, efferent resistance (RE), and glomerular hydrostatic pre

223 mate of glomerular pressure and afferent and efferent resistance in humans.

224 d a greater afferent and right VNS a greater efferent response.

225 localized thermal inhibition of unmyelinated efferents results in a significant decrease in the activ

226 The degree of efferent rewiring onto aged IHCs, most likely coming fro

227 ic mouse line (both sexes) to label these L5 efferents selectively.

228 split-belt walking induced the adaptation of efferent signals, without altering sensory signals.

229 to activate sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent signals.

230 The many cellular, afferent, and efferent similarities between the ventral striatum's nuc

231 n, form inhibitory-like synapses on auditory efferent somata.

232 ry afferents and somatosensory corticospinal efferents sprouted in an overlapping region of the dorsa

233 ribed the postsynaptic actions of vestibular efferent stimulation in several species, characterizatio

234 Efferent stimulation routinely resulted in an immediate

235 s that show a hair bundle is desensitized by efferent stimulation.

236 tivity, as well as responses to afferent and efferent stimuli, were recorded from intrinsic cardiac n

237 nerves results in reduced renal afferent and efferent sympathetic nerve activity in the kidney and gl

238 by increases in end-organ responsiveness to efferent sympathetic outflow during whole-body heating.

239 vated during microbial depletion, as well as efferent sympathetic premotor glutamatergic neurons that

240 ne could propose that the receptor at the LL efferent synapse is a alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylchol

241 d only of alpha9 subunits operates at the LL efferent synapse.

242 (alpha9*) nAChR operates at the zebrafish LL efferent synapse.

243 rtle, to use these markers to understand how efferent synapses are organized, and to compare efferent

244 rents are also integral to understanding how efferent synapses operate.

245 The number of efferent synapses per OHCs, defined as postsynaptic SK2

246 he molecular mechanisms regulating these IHC efferent synapses, we combined electrical stimulation of

247 hibited the progressive loss of afferent and efferent synapses.

248 al-side short HCs with few ribbons and large efferent synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Wnts are a clas

249 trategy to track changes in the afferent and efferent synaptic connections of developing neocortical

250 ishment and maturation of their afferent and efferent synaptic connections.

251 However, efferent synaptic responses were significantly smaller a

252 ch clamp recordings from the IHCs to measure efferent synaptic strength.

253 ty with seasonal changes in the dopaminergic efferent system in the saccule, their primary organ of h

254 The auditory efferent system is a neural network that originates in t

255 The mammalian auditory efferent system is a unique neural network that originat

256 nstimulated cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The efferent system is an important aide for the performance

257 One component of the efferent system is cholinergic, the activation of which

258 studies begin to illustrate how the complex efferent system of the LC-NE system selectively mediates

259 -state-dependent changes to the dopaminergic efferent system provide a release of inhibition in the s

260 ere, we explore the mechanical basis for the efferent system's capabilities at the level of the hair

261 These two types of efferent systems sometimes bear a close resemblance, sha

262 for markers of various visceral afferent and efferent systems with c-Fos-based activity maps generate

263 The major efferent target of the ventromedial hypothalamus is the

264 d support the hypotheses that (i) cerebellar efferents target frontal lobe neurons involved in formin

265 In females, by comparison, the efferent targets of HVC were thought to be only partiall

266 ld be selectively modulated according to the efferent targets of S1DZ.

267 l and ventral MHb, the IP, and the secondary efferent targets of this system.

268 tricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and its efferent targets was measured.

269 s of BLA neurons, which are defined by their efferent targets, code reward and aversion.

270 G-protein-signaling cascades, and DA neuron efferent targets, highlighting their multifaceted roles

271 tabolic parameters, as well as molecular and efferent targets, of the LH GLP-1R activation were also

272 onto the cell, its intrinsic physiology and efferent targets.

273 rats also showed reduced lateral and medial efferent terminal density.

274 munofluorescence analysis indicates that the efferent terminals are sufficiently close to IHC glutama

275 e sites to allow activation of mGluRs on the efferent terminals by glutamate spillover.

276 studied the morphology and ultrastructure of efferent terminals on vestibular hair cells in alpha9, a

277 I mGluRs (mGluR1s), probably present on the efferent terminals, which, in turn, enhances release of

278 ubmucosa and mucosa removed) to examine CSMG efferent terminals.

279 were juxtaposed to immunolabeled presynaptic efferent terminals.

280 r data reveal more widespread and diverse L5 efferents than previously appreciated, suggesting a gene

281 exerts a central modulatory effect governing efferent thermoregulatory activity in humans.

282 g and cutaneous vasodilatation by inhibiting efferent thermoregulatory activity in humans.

283 part by excessive hippocampal gluatmatergic efferents to sgACC.

284 escape behaviors, whereas activation of lPBN efferents to the bed nucleus stria terminalis (BNST) or

285 nnectivity and the selective targeting of EC efferents to the hippocampus, provide evidence for subre

286 Severing habenular efferents to the IPN, or only those from the left dHb, p

287 However, it not only sends strong efferents to these areas but is also heavily innervated

288 turn, directs the posterior outgrowth of dHb efferents toward the IPN and, when disrupted, results in

289 lay a dual olfactory pathway, with two major efferent tracts, the medial and the lateral antennal lob

290 We find that efferents transmit a precise copy of the motor signal an

291 eviously established reflex arc resulting in efferent vagal activity and asthmatic bronchoconstrictio

292 Selective activation of afferent or efferent vagal fibers can maximize efficacy and minimize

293 Efferent vagus nerve fibers terminating in the celiac-su

294 l roles of the afferent (sensory) and motor (efferent) vagus in regulation of appetite, mood, and the

295 on patterns and the relative distribution of efferent varicosities among hair cells and afferents are

296 ery with one vena comitans while leaving one efferent vein for drainage.

297 minant assumptions, the relative strength of efferent versus afferent connections positioned mid LPFC

298 sex, 4-5 weeks old), normal activity in the efferent vestibular pathway is required for function of

299 c value.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Targeting the efferent vestibular system (EVS) pharmacologically might

300 Previously, electrical stimulation of efferents was linked to an increase in resting discharge