ライフサイエンスコーパス: electrical synapse

1 junctions, which are the most common type of electrical synapse.

2 r scaffold that is required for building the electrical synapse.

3 can also alter coupling symmetry, rectifying electrical synapses.

4 It forms gap junction channels that act as electrical synapses.

5 re selectively interconnected by chemical or electrical synapses.

6 that transmit electrical signals are called electrical synapses.

7 ng trafficking of gap junction components at electrical synapses.

8 d express markers indicative of chemical and electrical synapses.

9 tunity to expose the functional diversity of electrical synapses.

10 Special Issue entitled Electrical Synapses.

11 article is part of a Special Issue entitled Electrical Synapses.

12 g synchronization of inhibitory networks via electrical synapses.

13 ical synapses in developmental regulation of electrical synapses.

14 shown associated with gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

15 role in the concerted activity generated by electrical synapses.

16 ractions in regulating gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

17 ional conductance at these highly modifiable electrical synapses.

18 these proteins directly interact at goldfish electrical synapses.

19 l features support the concept of inhibitory electrical synapses.

20 lude the regulation of gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

21 ids indirectly potentiate mixed chemical and electrical synapses.

22 near junctional conductance found in retinal electrical synapses.

23 ponses to depolarizing bipolar cells through electrical synapses.

24 primary afferents, mediated through central electrical synapses.

25 stinct subtypes of ON cone bipolar cells via electrical synapses.

26 rtex are mutually connected via chemical and electrical synapses.

27 many neurons in the rat SCN communicate via electrical synapses.

28 orizontal system) cells via dendro-dendritic electrical synapses.

29 rod pathways, each of which is dependent on electrical synapses.

30 the shaking-B locus in the formation of its electrical synapses.

31 activity-dependent short-term plasticity of electrical synapses.

32 by lateral interactions through chemical and electrical synapses.

33 simulate electrical signal transfer through electrical synapses.

34 port molecular and functional asymmetries at electrical synapses.

35 t the macromolecular complexes that regulate electrical synapses.

36 ll as for short- and long-term plasticity of electrical synapses.

37 egarding the determinants of the strength of electrical synapses.

38 highly interconnected with both chemical and electrical synapses.

39 R, mGluR3, induces long-term potentiation of electrical synapses.

40 cells coupled to DAT+ cells via chemical and electrical synapses.

41 ors (mGluRs) induces long-term depression of electrical synapses.

42 ound that CeL neurons made chemical, but not electrical, synapses.

43 The increase in the activity of electrical synapses accompanied PMF-induced amplificatio

44 neurons, we expect them to apply broadly to electrical synapses across the brain, acting as the cruc

45 heir continuous nature and bidirectionality, electrical synapses allow electrical currents underlying

46 Interestingly, necortical electrical synapses almost exclusively connect GABAergic

47 Here, we demonstrate that the electrical synapses also mediate phase encoding.

48 t CaMKII should be considered a component of electrical synapses, although its association is nonobli

49 input-output relations of the DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse and the DBC(R)-->AIIAC chemical synap

50 s, confirming the predicted relation between electrical synapses and chemical synaptogenesis.

51 r cortex are linked together by chemical and electrical synapses and exert a potent feedforward inhib

52 lex because they depend both from excitatory electrical synapses and from potentially inhibitory chem

53 Given the widespread distribution of electrical synapses and glutamate receptors, our results

54 ng the circuit that was already connected by electrical synapses and producing the adult behavior, LB

55 ) cells are interconnected via GABAergic and electrical synapses and represent a major class of inhib

56 basis for molecular asymmetry at vertebrate electrical synapses and show they are required for appro

57 Electrical synapses and synchrony are nearly synonymous.

58 coupling of neurons by gap junctions (i.e., electrical synapses) and the expression of the neuronal

59 t mediated by cone DBCs (DBC(C)s) through an electrical synapse, and a DNQX-sensitive component media

60 , 42% of FS pairs had established functional electrical synapses, and 47% of FS pairs were connected

61 network of cells connected via chemical and electrical synapses, and evoke slow inhibitory synaptic

62 Some TRN neurons are interconnected by electrical synapses, and here we tested the possibility

63 -mediated synapses and gap junction-mediated electrical synapses, and networks of FS cells play a cru

64 rected vertically in the sagittal plane, and electrical synapses appear strictly confined to the sagi

65 the cerebral cortex, our results imply that electrical synapses are a common mechanism for generatin

66 Electrical synapses are a ubiquitous yet underappreciate

67 Electrical synapses are abundant before and during devel

68 Electrical synapses are abundant in the vertebrate brain

69 Instead of static pores, electrical synapses are actually plastic, similar to che

70 Some electrical synapses are bidirectional; others are rectif

71 Electrical synapses are common between inhibitory neuron

72 Rectifying electrical synapses are commonplace, but surprisingly li

73 At a molecular level, the building blocks of electrical synapses are connexin proteins.

74 Electrical synapses are created by gap junction (GJ) cha

75 These data represent direct proof that electrical synapses are critical for the propagation of

76 Thus, our data indicate that electrical synapses are dynamic structures and that thei

77 Electrical synapses are emerging as complex structures,

78 Electrical synapses are expressed prominently in the dev

79 Electrical synapses are formed by gap junctions and perm

80 Electrical synapses are found in vertebrate and inverteb

81 Electrical synapses are known to form networks of extens

82 KEY POINTS: Electrical synapses are modified by various forms of act

83 Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junctions that medi

84 Electrical synapses are often viewed as symmetrical stru

85 In addition, we observed that electrical synapses are readily identified in ECS preser

86 Electrical synapses are reciprocal pathways for ionic cu

87 While electrical synapses are still perceived by many as passi

88 Electrical synapses are strong and prevalent among the G

89 Electrical synapses are the functional correlate of gap

90 plasticity, rich diversity, and specificity, electrical synapses are thus likely to participate in th

91 These electrical synapses are widespread in the CNS and serve

92 brates and invertebrates, gap junction-based electrical synapses arise before chemical synaptogenesis

93 his represents both a new functional role of electrical synapses as the primary drivers of feature se

94 bulb output neurons via direct chemical and electrical synapses as well as by indirect pathways.

95 was not correlated with the distribution of electrical synapses at different electronic distances.

96 exocytosis, suggesting that the strength of electrical synapses at these terminals is sustained, at

97 If so, can silent electrical synapses be activated to be detected?

98 Electrical synapses behaved as low-pass filters, reducin

99 which information reaches this kernel is an electrical synapse between ComInt 1 and one of these fiv

100 Spike transmission at the electrical synapse between the giant fibres (GFs) and mo

101 Disruption of electrical synapses between adjacent AIIs and between AI

102 x36/cx36 gap junctions form the heterologous electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells and BPGus

103 We report here that electrical synapses between auditory afferents and goldf

104 The response latency is minimized by electrical synapses between auditory afferents and the M

105 The lateral excitation is mediated by electrical synapses between central terminals of primary

106 Surprisingly, electrical synapses between Cx36-KO neurons had faster v

107 Ganglion cells can form electrical synapses between dendrites of neighboring cel

108 y interconnected by electrical synapses, but electrical synapses between different inhibitory cell ty

109 ce of gap junctions) enhance the strength of electrical synapses between ET cells.

110 ction neurons and is found to be mediated by electrical synapses between excitatory local interneuron

111 al feedforward neuronal circuit and included electrical synapses between inhibitory interneurons.

112 Here we show that Cx36-containing electrical synapses between inhibitory neurons of the th

113 ic networks of the hippocampus and show that electrical synapses between interneurons are a novel tar

114 Electrical synapses between interneurons contribute to s

115 rovided a direct demonstration of functional electrical synapses between neocortical neurons of both

116 Finally, we showed that Cx36-containing electrical synapses between neurons of the trigeminal me

117 dely expressed in the mammalian CNS and form electrical synapses between neurons.

118 tion blocker, suggesting that it arises from electrical synapses between ON DS and polyaxonal amacrin

119 By studying chemical and electrical synapses between premotor interneurons (AVA)

120 This implies that electrical synapses between the majority of coupled VBN

121 ther enhanced and stabilized by chemical and electrical synapses between them.

122 Electrical synapses between TRN neurons were absent in m

123 nductance asymmetry (rectification) than did electrical synapses between WT neurons.

124 he same type were strongly interconnected by electrical synapses, but electrical synapses between dif

125 ild-type mice, as in rats, the SCN contained electrical synapses, but electrical synapses were absent

126 Synchronized LTS activity required electrical synapses, but not fast chemical synapses.

127 f inhibitory neurons is the establishment of electrical synapses, but the function of electrical coup

128 s indicate that RA modulates horizontal cell electrical synapses by activation of novel nonnuclear RA

129 We tested for electrical synapses by recording from pairs of relay neu

130 of the tergotrochanteral motorneuron and its electrical synapses by transforming Drosophila with a Ga

131 Mg2+]i-dependent long-term plasticity of the electrical synapse can be adequately reproduced through

132 Thus, the efficacy of an electrical synapse can be dynamically modulated in a vol

133 These electrical synapses can be functionally as important as

134 to the study of neural circuits, whereby new electrical synapses can be introduced in novel sites in

135 The results suggest that electrical synapses can coordinate spindle-frequency rhy

136 Although electrical synapses can entrain activity within neuronal

137 Thus, interactions between chemical and electrical synapses can regulate the degree of electrica

138 found that disrupting either the chemical or electrical synapses causes defective escape response.

139 ational models to investigate how rectifying electrical synapses change the behavior of a small neuro

140 reover, a possible scenario could be that an electrical synapse coexisted with a chemical one, but in

141 previously unrecognized silent pH-sensitive electrical synapses coexisting in one of the best studie

142 We added electrical synapses composed of the vertebrate gap junct

143 ses of influence on the postsynaptic neuron, electrical synapses, composed of plaques of gap junction

144 the expression patterns of the invertebrate electrical synapse constituents, the innexins.

145 defined by the neuron-specific complement of electrical synapse constituents.

146 We conclude that electrical synapses containing Cx36 are critical for the

147 gs, we predict that modulation of rectifying electrical synapses could have functional consequences f

148 Our results suggest that electrical synapses could promote coordinated spike firi

149 ndent synaptic plasticity of Cx36-containing electrical synapses could underlie neuronal circuit reco

150 n central nervous system communicate through electrical synapses, defined here as gap junction-mediat

151 s observed by electron microscopy termed the electrical synapse density (ESD) [5].

152 We provide the first direct evidence that electrical synapses develop in a soma-soma, but not soma

153 is mediated by neurotransmitters, whereas at electrical synapses, direct ionic and metabolic coupling

154 amic relay neurons communicate primarily via electrical synapses during early postnatal development,

155 In addition, electrical synapses dynamically regulate neural circuits

156 ation of sub- and suprathreshold activity by electrical synapses enabling synchronised SPN firing whi

157 These results indicate that electrical synapses establish a network of fast-spiking

158 Here we find that electrical synapse formation in vivo requires an intrace

159 oci and identified two new genes involved in electrical-synapse formation.

160 Here we show that elimination of electrical synapses formed by connexin36 altered inhibit

161 thereby conferring functional plasticity on electrical synapses formed of this protein.

162 Electrical synapses, formed by gap junctions, modulate s

163 reas TRN cells were extensively connected by electrical synapses from birth onward.

164 plies that lateral excitation is mediated by electrical synapses from eLNs onto PNs.

165 red for the stabilization of the GJs and for electrical synapse function.

166 Coupling of neurons by electrical synapses (gap junctions) transiently increase

167 ns communicate through chemical synapses and electrical synapses (gap junctions).

168 atural forms of activity and the strength of electrical synapses had previously not been investigated

169 et the cellular and molecular basis of these electrical synapses has not been established.

170 Electrical synapses have been found among GABAergic inte

171 Electrical synapses have been shown to be important for

172 Electrical synapses have not been directly observed betw

173 , taken together with dual cell recording of electrical synapses, have led us to estimate the number

174 The large number of electrical synapses implies that each interneuron partic

175 The synchronizing role of electrical synapses in neuronal oscillations has been we

176 Much less is known, however, about electrical synapses in retinal bipolar cells than about

177 Here we report the molecular basis for electrical synapses in retinal bipolar cells, particular

178 To determine the role of electrical synapses in such activity, we constructed mic

179 The role of electrical synapses in synchronizing neuronal assemblies

180 A wealth of research has revealed that electrical synapses in the central nervous system exhibi

181 hese contacts appeared similar to rectifying electrical synapses in the crayfish and were eliminated

182 suggest an important role for Cx36-dependent electrical synapses in the development of thalamic circu

183 ere, we demonstrate that putative rectifying electrical synapses in the Drosophila Giant Fiber System

184 (Lethal), which is a component of rectifying electrical synapses in the Giant Fiber escape neural cir

185 vely at chemical synapses, but modulation of electrical synapses in the mammalian brain has barely be

186 It is widely assumed that electrical synapses in the mammalian brain, especially b

187 he first examples supporting the presence of electrical synapses in the mammalian CNS; however, the p

188 We suggest that electrical synapses in the SCN help to synchronize its s

189 e two established inductors of plasticity at electrical synapses in the thalamic reticular nucleus -

190 To examine the functions of electrical synapses in the transmission of signals from

191 Plasticity of electrical synapses in the TRN may be a key mechanism un

192 Electrical synapses in the TRN precede the postnatal dev

193 ty-dependent form of long-term depression of electrical synapses in the TRN.

194 CNQX did not affect non-rectifying electrical synapses in two different pairs of neurons.

195 ssion indicated the presence of chemical and electrical synapses in vOrganoids.

196 By contrast, we show that a broad set of electrical synapses in zebrafish, Danio rerio, require t

197 se identifiable junctions may apply to other electrical synapses, including those in mammalian brain.

198 (CNS), coupling of neurons by gap junctions (electrical synapses) increases during early post-natal d

199 The coupling of neurons by gap junctions (electrical synapses) increases during neuronal injury.

200 By way of this mechanism, electrical synapses influence synaptic integration and a

201 Unlike most chemical synapses, electrical synapses interact through axon-to-axon or den

202 Gap junction-mediated electrical synapses interconnect diverse types of neuron

203 and thalamoreticular pathways, as well as by electrical synapses interconnecting TRN neurons.

204 Many neurons are coupled by electrical synapses into networks that have emergent pro

205 The DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse is approximately linear (voltage gain

206 The model of electrical synapse is based on electrical properties of

207 emonstrate that such complex behavior of the electrical synapse is important in shaping the response

208 Modulation of gap junction-mediated electrical synapses is a common form of neural plasticit

209 Although modulation of electrical synapses is frequently observed, the cellular

210 an overview of the known properties of these electrical synapses is given, focusing on a study in the

211 Signaling through gap junctions (electrical synapses) is important in the development of

212 mem of their neighbors, forming networks via electrical synapses known as gap junctions.

213 r of signals with high-frequency content via electrical synapses, leading to strong spiking synchroni

214 Connecting these neurons by an ectopic electrical synapse led to a loss of lateral asymmetry an

215 Thus, electrical synapses, like their chemical counterparts, u

216 d the possibility that gap junction-mediated electrical synapses made with neighbouring amacrine cell

217 shifts between arousal states; plasticity of electrical synapses may be a key mechanism underlying th

218 In neuronal networks, electrical synapses may function as a modifiable resonan

219 Furthermore, the plasticity of electrical synapses may play an important role in regula

220 ses, and here we tested the possibility that electrical synapses mediate rhythmic synchrony in juveni

221 rocessing and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Electrical synapses mediated by gap junctions are fundam

222 of different initial conditions, whereas the electrical synapses mitigate suppression of firing due t

223 Our findings support a novel model of electrical synapse molecular asymmetry at the level of a

224 urons are inhibitory cells interconnected by electrical synapses, most of which require the gap junct

225 The most thoroughly studied electrical synapses occur between excitatory projection

226 NQX inhibited transmission at the rectifying electrical synapse of a mixed glutamatergic/electrical s

227 ecific patterns and functional properties of electrical synapses of a nervous system are defined by t

228 y reflects physiological differences between electrical synapses of contiguous Club endings, which re

229 cifically modulates synaptic transmission at electrical synapses of cultured retinal horizontal cells

230 at changes in the intrinsic excitability and electrical synapses of identified neurons in Aplysia's c

231 Cx36 orthologs may have a common function at electrical synapses of mammals and other vertebrates.

232 CNS, and the interplay between chemical and electrical synapses on the millisecond timescale is cruc

233 are general principles for the influence of electrical synapses on transient signal processing acros

234 st-field oscillations either may not require electrical synapses or may be mediated by a hitherto unk

235 the spiking-initiated mechanisms underlying electrical synapse plasticity are similar to those that

236 We investigated whether electrical synapses play a role in the maturation of tha

237 Electrical synapses play an important role in signaling

238 ighlight the diverse and powerful roles that electrical synapses play even in simple circuits.

239 We have examined the effect of 5HT on electrical synapses possessing variable coupling strengt

240 ogical range show that, without chemical and electrical synapses, potassium lateral diffusion alone c

241 Signaling through electrical synapses promoted coordinated firing among CB

242 matergic synapses can instruct plasticity at electrical synapses, providing a means for excitatory in

243 Some electrical synapses rectify - they pass current preferen

244 tle is known about the developmental role of electrical synapses, reflecting the limitations imposed

245 , yet little is known about how chemical and electrical synapses regulate their activity.

246 (TRN), a brain area rich in gap-junctional (electrical) synapses, regulates cortical attention to th

247 (TRN), a brain area rich in gap junctional (electrical) synapses, regulates cortical attention, init

248 In contrast, the incidence and magnitude of electrical synapses remained constant between P8 and P15

249 hip between natural activity and strength at electrical synapses remains elusive.

250 of this kinase and potential localization to electrical synapses remains undetermined.

251 synapses, we demonstrate that dauer-specific electrical synapse remodeling is responsible for specifi

252 ation without effects on neuronal growth and electrical synapse remodeling.

253 arly circuits composed of gap junction-based electrical synapses resemble those produced later by che

254 protein subunits constitutes a hemichannel; electrical synapses result from the docking of hemichann

255 Modification of electrical synapses resulting from activity in coupled n

256 ected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical coupling is thou

257 Here, we show that strong electrical synapses selectively form between RGPs and th

258 ptic sites at chemical synapses, one side in electrical synapses should not necessarily be considered

259 A growing body of evidence indicates that electrical synapses, similar to their chemical counterpa

260 Specifically, electrical synapses spread signals laterally between bip

261 or by agonist, causes long-term reduction of electrical synapse strength between the inhibitory neuro

262 nt results have demonstrated modification of electrical synapse strength by varied forms of neuronal

263 circuits, and characterize the influence of electrical synapse strength on both subthreshold summati

264 e crucial link between neuronal activity and electrical synapse strength.

265 in the Golgi cell network of the cerebellum, electrical synapses synchronize resting activity, and ca

266 tly, inserting in this circuit an engineered electrical synapse that diminishes AWC inhibition of AIY

267 m a complex, interconnecting network through electrical synapses that are either heterologous (with a

268 are strongly and uniformly interconnected by electrical synapses that can drive spiking in connected

269 N neurons are also coupled to one another by electrical synapses that depend strongly on the gap junc

270 We show that plasticity of electrical synapses that results from paired spiking act

271 in the CNS communicate via gap junctions, or electrical synapses, the regulation of which remains lar

272 to be a widespread and powerful mechanism at electrical synapses throughout the brain.

273 uraxis, implying that there are undiscovered electrical synapses throughout the central nervous syste

274 olecular layer interneurons use chemical and electrical synapses to form subnetworks that fine-tune t

275 The AII amacrine cell uses sign-conserving electrical synapses to modulate ON cone bipolar cell ter

276 Additionally, we found that the ability of electrical synapses to synchronize high frequency subthr

277 he interneurones mediating inhibition of the electrical synapse use glutamate as their neurotransmitt

278 r CB1-IS interneurons are interconnected via electrical synapses using paired recordings.

279 occurs via neurotransmitter release whereas electrical synapses utilize gap junctions for direct ion

280 drites, but instead arises from a network of electrical synapses via gap junctions to RGCs of a diffe

281 This CNQX-mediated inhibition of the electrical synapse was blocked by concanavalin A (Con A)

282 In paired-cell recordings, electrical synapses were able to mediate close correlati

283 , the SCN contained electrical synapses, but electrical synapses were absent in connexin36-knockout m

284 Electrical synapses were common among cortical interneur

285 Electrical synapses were common between VBN relay neuron

286 However, if electrical synapses were in axo-dendritic connections, w

287 Electrical synapses were not found among pyramidal neuro

288 ectrophysiological recordings, we found that electrical synapses were present early and produced CI.

289 Observed properties of chemical and electrical synapses were used to simulate connections be

290 Tjp1b is localized to the electrical synapse, where it is required for the stabili

291 dorsal A cluster neurons were used to study electrical synapses, whereas chemical synaptic partners,

292 hippocampus express previously unrecognized electrical synapses, which are normally silent.

293 AWA activates AIA through an electrical synapse, while the disinhibitory pathway acts

294 hippocampus, principal cells also establish electrical synapses with each other and have also been i

295 o independently modify coupling at different electrical synapses with its neighbors.

296 us, to light decrement, AII cells, driven by electrical synapses with ON cone bipolar cells, would hy

297 the ganglion and restore function by making electrical synapses with the usual synaptic targets of t

298 Surprisingly, we observed non-Cx36-dependent electrical synapses with unusual biophysical properties

299 Neurons are assumed to be connected with electrical synapses within their communities and with ch

300 itical for the formation and function of the electrical synapse, yet the biochemical makeup of these