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1 tivation of an ATF4-bound, stress-responsive enhancer.
2 ging the chromatin accessibility of a DDIT4L enhancer.
3 I loading rate is primarily modulated by the enhancer.
4 sly activate and deactivate different target enhancers.
5 s that also act as gene expression-promoting enhancers.
6 stablishing low methylation levels at distal enhancers.
7 TEs are de-repressed, unleashing TE-encoded enhancers.
8 polymerase II (RNA Pol II) to promoters and enhancers.
9 l chromosomal fragments harboring CRC-driven enhancers.
10 icularly frequently incorporated by evolving enhancers.
11 valently vetted inventory of bona fide human enhancers.
12 tion of several Warburg effect-related super-enhancers.
13 h as the potential roles of transcription at enhancers.
14 sociated transcription factors and MLL3/4 on enhancers.
15 e AML in general was enriched for changes at enhancers.
16 y of DNNs to learn the regulatory grammar of enhancers.
17 effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers.
18 genes by altering the acetylation status at enhancers.
19 subtype of AML, the translocation of a GATA2 enhancer (3q21) to MECOM (3q26) results in overexpressio
21 aited enhancers amplify TF binding at target enhancers, a phenomenon we term cross-interaction stabil
22 still unknown, such pleiotropy suggests that enhancer accessibility could be one of the molecular mec
24 Most other changes in gene expression and enhancer activation are imprecisely timed and poorly coo
26 olution map of eRNA loci through which super-enhancer activities can be quantified by RNA-seq and a u
27 systems display more robust perturbations of enhancer activity and gene transcription with minimal of
28 hancers, suggesting that these SNPs modulate enhancer activity and, consequently, gene expression.
29 factors, i.e. the regulatory grammar, drives enhancer activity have been proposed, ranging from the f
42 daunorubicin activated the stress-responsive enhancer and led to dose-dependent induction of ABCB1.
44 omoter activation rate is influenced by both enhancer and promoter sequences, whereas Pol II loading
46 -range interaction between the +51 erythroid enhancer and TAL1 promoter-1 leading to inhibition of TA
47 CBS acts as critical regulator to define +19-enhancer and the leukemic prone promoter IV interaction
50 ng a possible relationship between gene body enhancers and expression of key TME genes in both entiti
51 ith rapid DNA demethylation at reprogramming enhancers and increased chromatin accessibility later in
55 anscriptional regulatory networks by linking enhancers and predicted bound transcription factors to t
57 co-bind to their own and each other's super-enhancers and promoters, forming an inter-connected auto
61 gic for the concurrent activation of mitotic enhancers and suppression of meiotic enhancers in the so
62 abundance and facilitated NIPBL occupancy at enhancers and that active transcriptional elongation is
63 data demonstrating many similarities between enhancers and the gene promoters they control, and we hi
67 revealed that chromatin structure, dedicated enhancers and transcriptional networks are regulated in
69 high structural complexity, lacks key local enhancers, and instead contains distal chromosomal fragm
70 e found that during prometaphase, promoters, enhancers, and insulators retain H3K4me3 and H3K4me1, wh
71 h ectopic contacts between GDPD1 and retinal enhancers, and modeling of all RP17 SVs was consistent w
72 emarkably, Pax7 binds to a majority of super-enhancers, and together with a cadre of interacting tran
73 d carrying motifs potentially beneficial for enhancer architecture and immune functions were particul
74 vity analysis showed that both promoters and enhancers are activated by the same transcription factor
75 e novo long-range interactions, where primed enhancers are brought in contact with their respective p
76 last decade that not only promoters but also enhancers are characterized by bidirectional, divergent
77 ation of these data demonstrated novel heart enhancers are enriched near genes expressed more strongl
78 are active, suggesting the vast majority of enhancers are established de novo without prior priming
79 he Roadmap Epigenomics project revealed that enhancers are more distinct between cell-types compared
80 ysis also revealed that cardiac regeneration enhancers are not only activated by injury, but surprisi
81 s and other innate lymphoid cells, competent enhancers are primed during lineage acquisition, and for
84 Using dual effectors capable of re-writing enhancer-associated chromatin modifications, we show tha
85 abase where we have comprehensively analyzed enhancer-associated insertion and deletion variants for
86 provide insights into the regulatory role of enhancer-associated non-coding variants in cancer epigen
88 5-9 transcription factors repress the Ealpha enhancer at early stages of T cell differentiation, whil
89 regeneration by silencing damage-responsive enhancers at multiple loci can be partially overcome by
90 in part, through p63-mediated activation of enhancers at pro-inflammatory cytokine loci, which inclu
91 We found that NRARP interacts with lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and potentiates Wnt sig
92 catenin and increased expression of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), a downstream effector
93 er against decapentaplegic (SMAD)7 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)delta, the transcription
94 sted that the G allele interacted with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta transcription factor (TF),
95 D34(+) cells revealing upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein and immunogl
97 atin-conformation capture and dCas9 mediated enhancer blocking establish a direct regulatory link bet
98 In summary, definition of high-resolution enhancer boundaries enables deconvolution of complex reg
100 istone marks are used to identify and define enhancers but do not consider the endogenous role of an
101 t studies have focused on activators such as enhancers, but regions that repress gene expression-sile
103 vitro genome editing indicated that the SRF enhancer CArG box regulates transcription of the SRF gen
104 ineage acquisition, and formation of de novo enhancers characterizes the acquisition of innate memory
109 e epigenetic modifications of the FOXP3 gene enhancer CNS2, necessary for indelible expression of thi
110 tion factors, rather than the canonical PDX1 enhancer complex, are predicted to drive INS transactiva
112 as incorporated in liposomes and penetration enhancer-containing vesicles (PEVs) modified with glucid
113 eathers, claws, etc.) established by typical enhancers control five subclusters located within the ep
114 lly characterized MM-specific active distant enhancers controlling the expression of thioredoxin (TXN
116 , to advance the application of genome-scale enhancer data, we offer a primer on current models of en
118 enic mice carrying the intronic multimerized enhancer drove high expression of a betaGeo reporter in
120 To identify candidate tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) important for zebrafish fin re
121 ene juxtaposes the coding sequence to strong enhancer elements, leading to TERT overexpression and po
124 umerous multi-enhancer genes and multi-genic enhancers engaged in the control of divergent molecular
125 del where the combined action of RhoA and an enhancer ensures the spatio-temporal regulation of actin
133 ary vessels, visualized by a specific neural enhancer from the Nestin gene that is strongly induced i
136 ic data presents a challenge to interpreting enhancer function in normal and pathogenic neurobiologic
138 data, we offer a primer on current models of enhancer function in the CNS, we review how enhancers re
139 bipartite architecture of enhancers, inform enhancer function, and can be used as an indicator of th
140 hese boundaries are sufficient for capturing enhancer function, and confirm that core promoter sequen
141 actions play a key role in the regulation of enhancer function, and that HICE are important for both
143 ty with transcriptomics to identify putative enhancer-gene linkages and transcription factors that re
144 r configurations encompassing numerous multi-enhancer genes and multi-genic enhancers engaged in the
145 d, Genome engineering-based Interrogation of Enhancers (GenIE), which assesses the effects of defined
146 e comprehensively examine DNA methylation at enhancers, genome-wide, in neurons of patients with PD a
147 matin region and resides in the double-elite enhancer, GH22J020947, that is predicted to regulate CRK
148 inactivating mutations within the Drosophila enhancer H3K4 mono-methyltransferase Trr and its mammali
151 a mutually exclusive manner documenting that enhancer hubs impinging on MYC detected in large cell po
152 sk variants are enriched in myeloid-specific enhancers, implicating myeloid cells in AD etiology.
153 on tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivative
158 bserve enrichment of heritability in FANTOM5 enhancers in asthma, eczema, thyroid and autoimmune diso
159 firmed that our model can accurately predict enhancers in different species without re-parameterizati
162 Notably, Ars2 preferentially occupies DNA enhancers in NSCs, where it colocalizes broadly with NSC
165 l, we observe extensive remodeling at active enhancers in PAH PAECs and identify hundreds of differen
166 spread increase in cytosine modifications at enhancers in PD neurons, which is partly explained by el
168 mitotic enhancers and suppression of meiotic enhancers in the somatic and/or mitotic proliferation ph
170 mall DNA regions containing each of the four enhancers, including two whose activity was stimulated b
171 with low dox, AR binding to sARE-containing enhancers increased, whereas AR was lost from cAREs.
173 ion cores-define a bipartite architecture of enhancers, inform enhancer function, and can be used as
175 Collectively, these results indicate that enhancer interactions play a key role in the regulation
180 bacterial translation is often modulated by enhancer-like elements upstream of the SD, sRNA-mediated
181 pecifically interacts with the +19 stem cell enhancer located 19 Kb downstream of TAL1 and this inter
182 ions of selected gene loci suggest that some enhancers located within HCDs work at least in part via
186 used to determine the quantitative impact of enhancer loss on gene expression in different genetic ba
187 , that LSD1 associates with FOXA1 and active enhancer markers, and that LSD1 inhibition globally disr
189 gs of an evolutionary fail-safe, a duplicate enhancer mechanism that is hard-wired in the machinery o
190 rgeting of enCRISPRa to oncogenic TAL1 super-enhancer modulates TAL1 expression and cancer progressio
192 (JNK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) as key signali
193 on controls nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) signaling, cel
194 spase-1 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor that blocks IL-1
195 NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)-dependent inflammation, c
196 10-step total synthesis of garsubellin A, an enhancer of choline acetyltransferase and member of the
197 gineic acid (DMA), a related Fe chelator and enhancer of Fe bioavailability, and increased NA/DMA bio
198 lex containing WEREWOLF (WER), GLABRA3 (GL3)/ENHANCER OF GLABRA3, and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1.
200 ing Yxx motif converted human IFITM3 into an enhancer of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cell-to-cell fusio
201 AP/TAZ interact with Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split (TLE) to block Wnt/T-cell factor (TCF)
203 ostane 3,17-dione, detected as the strongest enhancer of the pkd2 phenotype but whose effect was foun
204 form amyloid fibrils, known as semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI), that enhance the vir
205 s to the conserved histone methyltransferase enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) and specifically cause
206 2 (PRC2) is composed of three core subunits, enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2), embryonic ectoderm developme
207 FZD10 and beta-catenin co-localization with enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subuni
209 ropic functions in tumor and immune cells of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subuni
210 via the polycomb histone methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homologue 2 [Ezh2]) showed that this p
212 for this cancer, directly establishes super-enhancers of each of these three TFs to activate their t
214 tion, and co-localized with eQTLS and (genic enhancers of) of transcription sites in brain and blood.
215 Transgenic mice with a knock-in mole CYP17A1 enhancer or overexpressing FGF9 showed phenotypes recapi
217 s produced by transcription at promoters and enhancers, our method identifies transcription-coupled a
218 A single therapeutic base edit of the BCL11A enhancer prevented sickling and ameliorated globin chain
219 Hi-C) analysis revealed multiplex, activated enhancer-promoter configurations encompassing numerous m
221 he formation of fused-TADs promoting ectopic enhancer-promoter interactions that were likely to be in
222 as transcripts, revealing roles for eRNAs in enhancer-promoter looping, recruiting transcriptional ma
225 this study, we identified that Insulin Gene Enhancer Protein (ISL2) and its angiogenic capacity were
227 dentified an AR binding site in the promoter/enhancer region of BMI1, and confirmed BMI1 as the direc
231 enhancer function in the CNS, we review how enhancers regulate gene expression across the neuronal l
233 oximal stimuli to chromatin, acting at super-enhancer regulatory regions to direct gene expression.
234 ed the traditional notion that promoters and enhancers represent distinct classes of regulatory eleme
235 te that PGA-FLUO within an HA-CP penetration enhancer represents an effective topical treatment for p
236 conserved motif in the orthologous mouse SRF enhancer revealed decreased SRF expression in aorta and
237 ulatory factors for both mitotic and meiotic enhancers, revealing a molecular logic for the concurren
239 induction kinetics, chromosome looping, and enhancer RNA production to understand the distinct regul
242 ons with enhancer RNAs emphasize the role of enhancer RNAs and the overall structural aspects of tran
246 nse revealed several regeneration-responsive enhancers (RREs), including an element upstream to inhib
248 s high-quality enhancer landscapes and super-enhancer (SE) annotation in numerous archived FFPE sampl
249 L) leads to the aberrant activation of super enhancer (SE) landscapes that drive the expression of ke
250 of mRNAs that are enriched for translational enhancer sequences in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) a
251 tually resumed, showing that the presence of enhancer sequences, rather than either their exact topol
253 that the genome-wide reorganization of super-enhancers (SEs) drives bursts in germline gene expressio
255 t CRPC cells, we identified a group of super enhancers (SEs) that are abnormally activated in Enz-res
257 depletion of archaic alleles, but only brain enhancers show evidence of unusually stringent purifying
258 oetal brain and muscle are the tissues whose enhancers show the strongest depletion of archaic allele
260 ers by tethering transcription repressors to enhancers significantly reduces target gene expression a
262 e elements upstream of the SD, sRNA-mediated enhancer silencing could be a common mode of gene regula
263 d Prdm1 and Vsx2 or their cell type-specific enhancers simultaneously using a CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo ret
265 rently independent of Tcfs, whereas on other enhancers, Sox17 represses beta-catenin/Tcf-mediated tra
266 of these SINEs harbor a high density of the enhancer-specific histone mark H3K4me1 and carry sequenc
267 meability in transdermal patches, permeation enhancers such as alkanols, fatty acids, prodrugs, and v
268 s overlap with putative endocrine pancreatic enhancers, suggesting that these SNPs modulate enhancer
269 on or epigenetic silencing of an ERV-derived enhancer suppresses cell growth by inducing apoptosis in
270 Finally, the users can search enhancers and enhancer-target gene relationships through five user-fri
272 tiglobin gene locus, which contains a remote enhancer that drives globin expression in erythroid cell
273 Furthermore, set-based tests identified an enhancer that is predicted to target CRKL and is signifi
274 identified the molecular features of active enhancers that accompany the binding of transcription fa
275 n of hundreds of cell-type-specific neuronal enhancers that appear to be modulated by neuronal activi
276 lose proximity of EBV episomes and the super enhancers that are enriched for transcription cofactors
277 and overlap with subsets of putative somatic enhancers that are methylated in ESCs and can be activat
278 that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal
281 rs using its CXXC domain, TET1 also binds to enhancers, though the mechanism involved is unknown.
285 , requiring the intersection of two promoter/enhancers to target gene expression to precise cell type
286 d the specificity of action of promoters and enhancers towards their targets in a tissue specific man
288 B in regulating the activity of ESC-specific enhancer units and propose that the developmentally regu
290 ere, we report the existence of two types of enhancer units within SEs typified by distinctive CpG me
295 ritical role for morphogen sensing by a gene enhancer, which ultimately determines the final global d
297 Overall, the database contains 13 494 603 enhancers, which were obtained from 16 055 datasets usin
298 ologically associating domain (TAD), rich in enhancers with binding sites for retinal transcription f
300 port a 'bind and discard' mechanism in which enhancers with specific binding sites promote rapid Cdk8