ライフサイエンスコーパス: episomal

1 ns from hCD4/hCCR5 transgenic rats contained episomal 2-long terminal repeat (LTR) circles, integrate

2 mples, HPV-16 was similarly characterized as episomal (39.1%), mixed (45.7%), and integrated (15.2%)

3 characterized in carcinoma in situ cases as episomal (61.9%), mixed (i.e., episomal and integrated;

4 lling-circle amplification method to amplify episomal AAV DNA and isolate infectious molecular clones

5 nce of the LdHSP78+/- strain was restored by episomal addition of the LdHSP78 gene.

6 ocedure alone, likely leading to the loss of episomal adenoviral DNA.

7 Parasites transfected with an episomal ADOMETDC construct were created in both wild ty

8 A2-responsive element in the context of both episomal and cellular chromatin.

9 diate targeted gene modification within both episomal and chromosomal DNA in mammalian cells without

10 inery, the CO directs nucleotide exchange as episomal and chromosomal DNA.

11 trigger can induce H3K27Me2 deposits at both episomal and chromosomal loci, mediating gene silencing.

12 of inducing a sequence-specific RNAi for the episomal and chromosomal target gene in undifferentiated

13 ate recombination in mammalian cells in both episomal and chromosomal targets containing direct repea

14 LTR activity by 2- to 3-fold under both the episomal and integrated conditions.

15 Using episomal and integrated reporters, we demonstrate that H

16 ted genetic and functional crosstalk between episomal and integrated vector/viral genomes, resulting

17 situ cases as episomal (61.9%), mixed (i.e., episomal and integrated; 29.4%), and integrated (8.7%) f

18 by 2 +/- 0.2 fold, while the vector remained episomal and non integrated.

19 ther retroviral approach (ViPSCs) or a novel episomal approach (EiPSCs) that causes no genomic integr

20 iciencies of vector-free human iPSCs with an episomal approach.

21 f both coding and signal joining in a robust episomal assay; we suggest that this is the result of in

22 ne and also outperforms predictive models of episomal assays.

23 t individual clones possess as many as seven episomal barcodes, revealing that an intake of multiple

24 The E2 protein segregates episomal bovine papillomavirus (BPV) genomes to daughter

25 Our system significantly reduced the KSHV episomal burden over time.

26 dependent, differing between chromosomal or episomal c-myc promoters.

27 Episomal CB-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) gener

28 d conversion of viral cDNA to non-functional episomal cDNA increased.

29 d light on the long-term in vivo dynamics of episomal cDNA or recapitulate the natural targets of inf

30 on in vivo, we have analyzed the dynamics of episomal cDNA turnover in vivo by following the emergenc

31 n M184V polymorphism in plasma viral RNA, in episomal cDNA, and in proviral DNA in patients on subopt

32 ng acquisition of drug resistance, wild-type episomal cDNAs are replaced by M184V-harboring episomes.

33 This indicates that episomal cDNAs are turned over by degradation rather tha

34 icated in raft cultures of early-pass HPV-16 episomal cell lines, at both the level of pathology and

35 as proviruses and are instead converted into episomal circles.

36 in both macrophages and mice were rescued by episomal complementation of the genetic lesion.

37 t, either as chromosomal knockins or through episomal complementation; these showed little or no LPG

38 n Leishmania, based on segregational loss of episomal complementing genes rather than transfection; a

39 The episomal construct with a unique 8-oxoG base was introdu

40 An episomal construct with a unique 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) b

41 pfht unless the gene was complemented by an episomal construct.

42 ably transfected bcl-2 promoter-IgH enhancer episomal construct.

43 ess whether E2 activates transcription in an episomal context and its potential interaction with the

44 Brm enhances promoter occupancy by E2 in an episomal context.

45 rand break repair in chromosomal (but not in episomal) contexts and increased sensitivity to DNA cros

46 The virus maintains 50 to 100 episomal copies during latency and replicates in synchro

47 The CIN-612 9E cell line maintains episomal copies of HPV type 31b (HPV31b), an HPV type as

48 These cell lines all maintained episomal copies of HPV31 and revealed similar phenotypes

49 ot adversely affect the others, as gauged by episomal copy number, steady-state mRNA levels and the p

50 sphorylation, which in turn determines viral episomal copy number.

51 pet56 backgrounds and are complemented by an episomal copy of CRD1 but not by expression of the PET56

52 is H37Rv occurred only in the presence of an episomal copy of the prrAB genes, indicating that this t

53 f millions worldwide and is sustained by the episomal covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA in the nuc

54 erp operons are located on episomal cp32 prophages, and a single bacterium may cont

55 An episomal cpsK copy restored synthesis of sialo-CPS to wi

56 The pE vectors have an episomal design to allow long-term production of high-ti

57 seldom cured due to the persistence of viral episomal DNA (cccDNA) in infected cells.

58 s used TGMV as a vector to determine whether episomal DNA can cause silencing of homologous, chromoso

59 ein that promotes transcription of the viral episomal DNA genome by the host cell RNA polymerase II.

60 ular protein sequences in the maintenance of episomal DNA in human cells.

61 rotein required for the maintenance of viral episomal DNA in the dividing host cell.

62 s, repair, and engineering of chromosomal or episomal DNA in vivo in Escherichia coli.

63 Thus, we show that directly targeting viral episomal DNA is a novel therapeutic approach to control

64 tablished system, in which recombinant MCPyV episomal DNA is autonomously replicated in cultured cell

65 Quantitation of an episomal DNA product of T-cell receptor alpha rearrangem

66 ng latency in KSHV-infected cells, the viral episomal DNA replicates once each cell cycle.

67 s of varying lengths and orientations on the episomal DNA replication in mammalian cells.

68 role of the G-rich TR in the perturbation of episomal DNA replication.

69 in the blood and molecular events leading to episomal DNA stabilization for persistent expression, fi

70 onserved mechanism that acts specifically on episomal DNA templates independently of the nature of th

71 HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 episomal DNA were indicative of ongoing viral replicatio

72 sence of BGLF4 led to more rapid loss of the episomal DNA, and this was dependent on BGLF4 kinase act

73 Approaches based on episomal DNA, Sendai virus, and messenger RNA (mRNA) can

74 en the supF gene was induced to replicate as episomal DNA.

75 t from those in the genes that replicated as episomal DNA.

76 hat correlates with increased integration of episomal DNA.

77 replication and maintenance of latent viral episomal DNA.

78 ansfer ZFNs in the form of protein, mRNA and episomal DNA.

79 Transcripts and episomal DNAs derived from proviral PVCVs accumulated in

80 The accumulation of PVCV transcripts and episomal DNAs in blotched regions and the detection of V

81 native carcinogenic pathway characterized by episomal E2, E4, and E5 (E2/E4/E5) expression.

82 ntial for replication and maintenance of the episomal EBV genome during latency.

83 e BGLF4 in Akata cells led to a reduction in episomal EBV genomes.

84 This element also promoted replication of episomal EBV vectors lacking the viral origin, but not i

85 ribed, nuclear-imported viral genomes remain episomal, either as linear or circular DNA.

86 oduced by transient transfection, carried on episomal elements, or stably integrated.

87 Here we compare Sendai-viral (SeV), episomal (Epi) and mRNA transfection mRNA methods using

88 demonstrated, disadvantages with viral-based episomal-expressing gene therapy vectors include the ris

89 n profiling were introduced into ES cells in episomal expression constructs.

90 ed by progressive establishment of long-term episomal expression in a subset of cells.

91 Introduction of free tubulin through episomal expression of alpha- and beta-tubulin or introd

92 Homologous episomal expression of an epitope-tagged LdNuc(s) chimer

93 Homologous episomal expression of epitope-tagged EhNucI and EhNucII

94 We demonstrated that episomal expression of extracellularly truncated CpsA ca

95 wth defect that could not be complemented by episomal expression of full-length ompU.

96 Episomal expression of gammagcs in P. falciparum increas

97 Episomal expression of HPV-16 oncoproteins was sufficien

98 Episomal expression of long RNAs that form stem-loop str

99 Conversely, episomal expression of LprE (Mtb) in Mycobacterium smegm

100 Following the episomal expression of the four PfCENs in a centrin knoc

101 ervations, we subsequently used a homologous episomal expression system to dissect and express the fu

102 Currently, we used a homologous episomal expression system to dissect the functional dom

103 Moreover, a homologous episomal expression system was devised and used to expre

104 Here we describe the use of episomal expression technology for functional evaluation

105 ll mutant with the LmGT4 gene on a multicopy episomal expression vector also reverted these phenotype

106 sfection of LSP1-null U937 cell line with an episomal expression vector carrying the LSP1 complementa

107 NA fragments of rat SCF were ligated into an episomal expression vector.

108 pisomally) expressed SSAT1 blocks exogenous (episomal) expression of other proteins.

109 Here, we used homologous episomal-expression of an antisense construct of the Cl3

110 acterize the ability of TraR, encoded on the episomal F' plasmid, to upregulate the sigma(E) extracyt

111 romosomal locus, whereas the plasmid remains episomal for non-crossover repair events.

112 selection pressure in a randomly segregating episomal form during the first weeks after transformatio

113 ntenance and proper functioning of a nuclear episomal form of the viral genome called cccDNA, the mos

114 sed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is a stable episomal form of the viral genome decorated with host hi

115 The latent and episomal form of the virus is known to drive EBV-associa

116 lently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA), the episomal form of the virus that persists despite potent

117 etected in all 11 PBMC samples existed as an episomal form, albeit at a low DNA copy number.

118 adeno-associated virus (rAAV) can persist in episomal form; however, factors affecting rAAV persisten

119 Episomal forms of both SEGS were detected in CMB-infecte

120 ate that Tim is essential for sustaining the episomal forms of EBV DNA in latently infected cells and

121 se findings are consistent with the circular episomal forms of recombinant AAV vectors that have been

122 sion from HPV16 subgenomic plasmids and from episomal forms of the full-length HPV16 genome.

123 pon further passage in culture, however, the episomal forms of these E7 mutant genomes quickly disapp

124 Finally, no circular episomal forms were detected even by PCR.

125 n 1 year in SCID mice, whereas only circular episomal forms were observed in the C57BL/6 strain.

126 Despite the apparent loss of the episomal forms with continued culture, the number of met

127 ir element that can exist in chromosomal and episomal forms, selective expansions of important gene f

128 to the common presence and abundance of HPV episomal forms.

129 1, which was detected in both integrated and episomal forms.

130 nalyses revealed that AlHV-1 was essentially episomal, further suggesting that MCF might be the conse

131 Episomal gene expression vectors offer a safe and attrac

132 h a virus lacking E7 despite the presence of episomal genome and viral transcripts.

133 scriptional regulation, DNA replication, and episomal genome maintenance.

134 gulate viral transcription, replication, and episomal genome maintenance.

135 s three types of latency that facilitate its episomal genome persistence and evasion of host immune r

136 ells with multiple copies of the latent KSHV episomal genome, lytic replication in a low percentage o

137 NIKS) and NIKS stably transfected with HPV16 episomal genomes (NIKS16) were compared using next-gener

138 ectors in tissues is largely attributable to episomal genomes.

139 region quickly lost the ability to maintain episomal genomes.

140 specific loci across the population of KSHV episomal genomes.

141 nd mTR-associated DNAs integrated into MHV68 episomal genomes.

142 te immune DNA sensor, recognizes the nuclear episomal herpes viral genomes and induces the inflammaso

143 mma-inducible protein 16) recognizes nuclear episomal herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes

144 Exposure of cells maintaining episomal high-risk HPV genomes to NO increased HPV early

145 ibitors effectively suppresses the levels of episomal HIV DNA (as measured by 2-LTR circles) and decr

146 e propose a mechanism describing the role of episomal HIV-1 forms in the viral life cycle in a SCFA-r

147 rs contain integrated copies of the normally episomal HPV genome that invariably retain intact forms

148 vical cancer-derived cell line harboring the episomal HPV type 11 genome, we illustrate binding site

149 thelial cell lines containing integrated and episomal HPV-16 DNA.

150 ic raft cultures of human keratinocytes with episomal HPV-16 even at low copy numbers.

151 ssociated with the lower copy numbers of the episomal HPV16 but not with the ability of the Inform HP

152 As a consequence, lower copy numbers of episomal HPV16 in carcinoma might be the cause for the f

153 e expression analysis in U2OS cells carrying episomal HPV18 minicircles and HeLa cells.

154 positive cancers and in cell lines with only episomal HPVs.

155 nia vein clearing virus (PVCV), can generate episomal infections in certain hybrid plant hosts in res

156 We now report that episomal integration depends upon both the sequence and

157 s a third element required for site-specific episomal integration.

158 Here, we show that the complete episomal island, which carries pathogenicity genes inclu

159 xcept for a 52-bp region, which includes the episomal junction and a 26-bp sequence related to alphas

160 homa cell lines contain ~70 to 150 copies of episomal KSHV genomes per cell and have been widely used

161 p(+) revertants behaves similarly to that of episomal Lac(+) revertants.

162 B cells carry multiple copies of the nuclear episomal latent KSHV genome and secrete a variety of inf

163 L. amazonensis were rescued by expression of episomal LHR1.

164 ion for long-term mitotic maintenance of the episomal LTR circles.

165 lements from Epstein-Barr virus, which allow episomal maintenance in mammalian cells, or alphoid DNA,

166 Episomal maintenance is conferred by the interaction of

167 How this nucleoprotein array confers episomal maintenance is not completely understood.

168 functions in infected cells is critical for episomal maintenance of high-risk HPV genomes.

169 have shown that E6 and E7 are necessary for episomal maintenance of HPV in primary keratinocytes.

170 s for the low-risk E6 and E7 proteins in the episomal maintenance of low-risk HPV-11 genomes and sugg

171 iated with human telomeres and contribute to episomal maintenance of OriP.

172 minal PDZ ligand that is required for stable episomal maintenance of the HPV genome.

173 E7 has also been shown to be essential for episomal maintenance of the HPV31 genome.

174 , a punctate pattern of LANA expression, and episomal maintenance of the KSHV genome.

175 viral life cycle, including immortalization, episomal maintenance, late promoter activation, and infe

176 has been shown to play an important role in episomal maintenance, presumably by binding to a putativ

177 ) and is the only viral protein required for episomal maintenance.

178 uggesting this activity may be necessary for episomal maintenance.

179 roles in both transcriptional regulation and episomal maintenance.

180 eading to a reduction in DNA replication and episomal maintenance.

181 Cs from 2 LCLs (LCL-iPSCs) via a feeder-free episomal method using a cocktail of transcription factor

182 DNA (cccDNA) of hepadnaviruses exists as an episomal minichromosome in the nucleus of an infected he

183 Episomal mitotic stability was quantitatively analysed u

184 s increased bcl-2 P2 promoter activity in an episomal model of the translocation, and IgH enhancer re

185 method for generating small chromosomal and episomal modifications in a variety of host organisms.

186 ife of 6 minutes, whereas the stabilities of episomal mspA transcripts with three other 5' untranslat

187 site as the endogenous murine MLL bcr; this episomal murine MLL bcr also functions as a SAR in human

188 Furthermore, an episomal murine MLL bcr introduced into human cells is c

189 e other oncogenic polyomaviruses, RacPyV was episomal, not integrated, in these tumors.

190 to correct point and frameshift mutations in episomal or chromosomal targets in the yeast Saccharomyc

191 l but nonmalignant cell lines that contained episomal or integrated HPV-16, but required feeder-layer

192 id not diminish the zinc induction of either episomal or integrated promoters.

193 und that in vitro methylation of all CpGs in episomal or non-episomal plasmids containing the SV40 ea

194 We also show that episomal or randomly integrated copies of the MLL bcr be

195 ivation independent of its ability to tether episomal oriP plasmids to cellular chromosomes.

196 Strategies to reduce KSHV episomal persistence in latently infected cells might le

197 nd persistence.IMPORTANCE KSHV LANA mediates episomal persistence of viral genomes.

198 In sharp contrast, in nonviral, episomal plasmid DNA-injected mice, transgene expression

199 , either as a chromosomal integrant or as an episomal plasmid in HeLa cells, forms a transcription-de

200 tu hybridization performed with probes to an episomal plasmid suggests that plasmids are transferred

201 that could reactivate HIV in chromatin or on episomal plasmids also released free positive transcript

202 o methylation of all CpGs in episomal or non-episomal plasmids containing the SV40 early promoter/enh

203 tionalizing genetically deficient iPSC using episomal plasmids to deliver physiologically responsive

204 mented the presence of the Cre-recombination episomal product, which persisted in tissue samples with

205 These episomal products are a previously unseen alternative fa

206 tors to be essential for generating circular episomal products.

207 (Zorro3) can generate abundant, RNA-derived episomal products.

208 pression not only of the family to which the episomal promoter belongs, but also members of the other

209 itration with var, rifin, stevor or Pfmc-2TM episomal promoters results in downregulation of expressi

210 experiments using rifin, stevor or Pfmc-2TM episomal promoters we show that promoter titration can b

211 replicon, oriP, is included to ensure stable episomal propagation of the large insert clones upon tra

212 lar proliferation are accompanied by loss of episomal rAAV genomes and subsequently a loss in therape

213 lates with the appearance of double-stranded episomal rAAV genomes.

214 Here we have utilized episomal recombination within stably transformed parasit

215 s display microinsertions or RAG1/2-mediated episomal reintegration in a single site 5' to TAL1.

216 to investigate cellular factors required for episomal replication and may provide a novel means for g

217 The episomal replication of papillomavirus genomes in yeast

218 truncated EBNA protein and oriP sequence for episomal replication of the vector.

219 nance factor, are known to contribute to the episomal replication of the viral genome.

220 the mature chromatin, does not depend on the episomal replication origin and initiates at multiple si

221 artificial chromosomes (BACs) for eukaryotic episomal replication, marker expression, and selection a

222 bility to complex with Brd4 does not support episomal replication.

223 vivo excision of double-stranded DNA from an episomal replicon by CRISPR/Cas9, coupled to lambda-red-

224 can be mobilized and replicated by Rep as an episomal replicon.

225 neering applicable to chromosomal as well as episomal replicons in Escherichia coli.

226 anoviruses may have evolved from prokaryotic episomal replicons.

227 tion also occurred with either integrated or episomal reporter plasmids containing the native mouse m

228 rate that E2 activates transcription from an episomal reporter system and reveal a novel property of

229 activated transcription from EBNA1-dependent episomal reporter to only 20% of the level of EBNA1.

230 Using an Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal reporter, we demonstrate that E2 stimulates tra

231 ermal cell fate by employing non-integrative episomal reprogramming factors in combination with speci

232 We show that episomal reprogramming of MDS patient samples generates

233 generated by the Kyoto method (retroviral or episomal reprogramming), which uses leukemia inhibitory

234 Epstein-Barr sequences (EBNA1 and oriP) for episomal retention and replication.

235 caffold/Matrix Attachment Region (S/MAR) for episomal retention and the beta-globin Replicator, the D

236 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the episomal retention properties of the scaffold/matrix att

237 city episomal vector system exploiting human episomal retention sequences to provide efficient vector

238 complex within the supF reporter gene in an episomal shuttle vector and to direct site-specific phot

239 ocol for intracellular gene targeting in the episomal shuttle vector, the psoralen-PNA-induced mutati

240 t it is feasible to study these events using episomal shuttle vectors.

241 ve degradation of unrepaired coding ends and episomal signal joint reintegration at V(D)J junctions.

242 t study from Nadel and colleagues shows that episomal signal joints readily undergo trans recombinati

243 rrying iBAC-S/MAR-LDLR demonstrated low copy episomal stability of the vector for >100 cell generatio

244 MC vectors persisted in an episomal state in the liver consistent with sustained tr

245 des within the cell in either an exclusively episomal state or integrated into the host chromosome an

246 difference in the frequency of integrated or episomal status estimated for carcinoma in situ and inva

247 found that S-HML contained wild-type, mostly episomal SV40 DNA.

248 Utilizing a stable episomal system in human cells, we recently mapped the s

249 We have developed a doxycycline-inducible episomal system that allows us to study separately the e

250 Here, we use a defined episomal system to investigate how conflict orientation

251 es the frequency 4-fold for correction of an episomal target and 5-fold for correction of a chromosom

252 p G:C bp-rich target site in a chromatinized episomal target in monkey COS cells, although this longe

253 Previously, we reported that the minimum episomal targeting elements comprise a 16-bp binding mot

254 uce repair and recombination in two distinct episomal targets in mammalian cells in the absence of an

255 ation to induce recombination at a distance, episomal targets with informative reporter genes were co

256 romotes gene expression from the natural HBV episomal template but not from a chromosomally integrate

257 ociated nuclear antigen (LANA) is central to episomal tethering, replication and transcriptional regu

258 nalyzed blood and ileum biopsies to quantify episomal, total, and integrated HIV DNA, cell-associated

259 entry into hepatocytes and production of an episomal transcriptional DNA template do not occur.

260 Promoter-reporter episomal transfection assays for endothelial nitric oxid

261 system has the potential to confer long-term episomal transgene expression and therefore to correct g

262 gene addition by chromosomal integration or episomal transgene expression or (ii) gene targeting by

263 gh copy numbers of transcriptionally active, episomal var promoters led to gradual downregulation and

264 Analysis of episomal vDNA from infected cells reveals that vDNA mole

265 vectors offer high-efficiency transfer of an episomal vector but have been plagued by the cytotoxicit

266 nvolved in transcription/translation from an episomal vector by targeting non-polyamine substrate(s)

267 ype-independent persistence of predominantly episomal vector DNA.

268 h an antisense cDNA expression library in an episomal vector followed by selection with a suboptimal

269 Here we describe the first nuclear episomal vector for diatoms and a plasmid delivery metho

270 a self-replicating Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal vector for the long-term encoding of ncAAs in h

271 integrated HIV-1, as well as mobilization of episomal vector genomes by productive viral particles en

272 Cells infected with NIFV vectors contained episomal vector genomes that consisted of linear, 1-long

273 Using an episomal vector in Lsh-/- embryonic fibroblasts, we demo

274 describe the development of a high capacity episomal vector system exploiting human episomal retenti

275 galovirus promoter-driven expression from an episomal vector.

276 e factors and a novel approach to generating episomal vectors for gene therapy.

277 We report the development of episomal vectors for the specific gamma-globin transcrip

278 2)alpha, were stably expressed from separate episomal vectors in 293-EBNA (293E) cells.

279 Episomal vectors offer a powerful alternative to integra

280 polbeta-expressing episomal vectors or empty control vectors were then intr

281 Engineering FUSE into episomal vectors predictably re-programmed metallothione

282 We consider these episomal vectors valid, safer alternatives to viral vect

283 essed pluripotency markers, lost oriP/EBNA-1 episomal vectors, generated teratomas, retained donor id

284 d CB mononuclear cells using non-integrating episomal vectors.

285 cassette, demonstrating the utility of these episomal vectors.

286 man iPS cells with the use of nonintegrating episomal vectors.

287 ved from two cell types of an adult donor by episomal vectors.

288 ties of 2236 candidate liver enhancers in an episomal versus a chromosomally integrated context.

289 Using episomal viral cDNA as a surrogate for ongoing replicati

290 Therefore, evolution of episomal viral cDNAs is a valid surrogate of ongoing vir

291 ion, LANA is required for maintenance of the episomal viral DNA during latency in dividing cells.

292 integration of HPV DNA into the host genome, episomal viral DNA has been documented in a subset of HP

293 Both episomal viral genome and TAg transcription were faithfu

294 nvaluable tools for dissecting mechanisms of episomal viral genome replication and screening for addi

295 tivation is a complex event where the latent episomal viral genome springs back to active transcripti

296 presence of a small and regulated number of episomal viral genomes [covalently closed circular DNA (

297 cid protein that mediates the maintenance of episomal viral genomes in latently infected cells.

298 dicate latently integrated or nonreplicating episomal viral genomes.

299 two forms of integrant, those that can form episomal viral infections and those that cannot.

300 ntegrants is complex, and it is thought that episomal virus is released by recombination and/or rever

301 In contrast, four presumed episomal viruses from nontumor sources did not possess t