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1 berrant mRNAs lacking specific coding exons (exon skipping).
2 ucture and function (e.g., intron retention, exon skipping).
3 inding domain, with alternative splicing and exon skipping.
4 urally mimic those that would be achieved by exon skipping.
5 ring exons 6 and 9 closer, thereby promoting exon skipping.
6 s in the transcriptional elongation rate and exon skipping.
7 d by antisense oligonucleotide (AO)-mediated exon skipping.
8 f a single residue was sufficient to prevent exon skipping.
9 US1 splicing, including intron retention and exon skipping.
10 on in a splice donor site predicted to cause exon skipping.
11 os, delayed neural tube closure, and altered exon skipping.
12 r the observed 100% intron retention without exon skipping.
13 cing, whereas the common SNP A1028A promoted exon skipping.
14  alternative splicing event, skipped exon or exon skipping.
15 lar mechanism by which this element prevents exon skipping.
16 rease exon inclusion but that CUG-BP1 causes exon skipping.
17 tion of antisense oligonucleotides to induce exon skipping.
18 ts, of which 53.5% are IntronR and 13.8% are exon skipping.
19  intron retention (IntronR), and only 8% are exon skipping.
20 m trans-splicing, and circular exons through exon skipping.
21 ced as a result of mRNA frameshift caused by exon skipping.
22 sults in a unique pattern of tissue-specific exon skipping.
23 ucleotides could be used to correct aberrant exon skipping.
24 plicing enhancer (ESE), thereby resulting in exon skipping.
25 e sequences in the dystrophin gene to induce exon skipping.
26 5' splice sites and determined the effect on exon skipping.
27 ition +3 with a purine resulted in increased exon skipping.
28 ingle-nucleotide difference in exon 7 causes exon skipping.
29 icing enhancer (ESE) sequences, resulting in exon skipping.
30 nterfere with exon recognition, resulting in exon skipping.
31 tivity and that two splicing mutations cause exon skipping.
32 ention, and Sudemycins more acute effects on exon skipping.
33 raction with these exonic sequences promotes exon skipping.
34  a recurrent silent third base change, cause exon skipping.
35 nt malignancies to estimate the rate of said exon skipping.
36 insufficient hDBR1 leads to a higher rate of exon skipping.
37 nits with different specificities to promote exon skipping.
38 re disease course than those amenable to any exon skipping.
39 , restoring functional dystrophin protein by exon skipping.
40 nd found that the majority resulted in total exon skipping.
41 tate recognition of splice sites and prevent exon-skipping.
42 n of exons is widespread and correlates with exon skipping, a feature that adds considerably to the r
43 repeatability of platelet RNA expression and exon skipping, a readily measured alternative splicing e
44 echanistic explanation for the variations in exon-skipping activity and restoration of dystrophin pro
45 utation in the dystrophin gene showed strong exon-skipping activity in differentiated mdx mouse myotu
46 olino oligomers (PMOs) with glucose enhances exon-skipping activity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (D
47 es, higher expression of hDBR1 only affected exon-skipping activity in malignant cells.
48 he RS/P domain and RRM are necessary for the exon-skipping activity, whereas the S domain is importan
49                                              Exon skipping adds to the unexpected outcomes that must
50            Antisense-oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping allows synthesis of partially functional d
51 as validated by qRT-PCR experiments on eight exon skipping alternative splicing events.
52 wn genes have only a single isoform based on exon-skipping alternative expression.
53 ucted and analyzed a large data set of 1,478 exon-skipping alternative splicing (AS) variants evoluti
54    These novel variants resulted either from exon skipping, alternative usage of splicing signals, or
55 vitro studies revealed that it leads to mRNA exon skipping and ABCA4 protein truncation.
56 da-7 pre-mRNA is differentially spliced, via exon skipping and alternate 5'-splice donor sites, to yi
57      TDP-43 is a nuclear protein involved in exon skipping and alternative splicing.
58 splicing in minigene assays, and resulted in exon skipping and an in-frame deletion of 40 amino acids
59 rized by alternative splicing events such as exon skipping and complete or partial intron inclusion.
60                                              Exon skipping and cryptic splicing were confirmed by tra
61 had a recessive mutation in PIGQ that led to exon skipping and defective glycophosphatidyl inositol b
62                        The mutation leads to exon skipping and deletion of 52-amino acid residues of
63  3' splice site is associated with increased exon skipping and disease.
64 these retroviral-derived exons and result in exon skipping and dysregulated alternative splicing of a
65 ply to other molecular strategies, including exon skipping and gene therapy.
66                    The ASOs promote aberrant exon skipping and generation of premature termination co
67 A-to-I editing demonstrate that both the Alu exon skipping and inclusion isoforms encode active enzym
68 mt3 gene knockdown, and change in two types, exon skipping and intron retention, was directly related
69              The other transcripts exhibited exon skipping and lacked exon 3.
70 sence of novel transcriptomic events such as exon skipping and novel indels towards accurate downstre
71 onucleotide conjugate designed to induce Dmd exon skipping and recover dystrophin protein expression
72 dule developmental stage, with activation of exon skipping and repression of intron retention being t
73 merged as front-line molecular therapeutics: exon skipping and stop codon read through.
74                                Regulation of exon skipping and tandem alternative 3' splice sites (NA
75 nic enhancers can act as barriers to prevent exon skipping and thereby may play a key role in ensurin
76 2 and FLT3 resulted from complete or partial exon skipping and utilization of cryptic splice sites.
77  led to a variety of consequences, including exon skipping and, to a lesser degree, intron retention,
78 dons from variable (V) Igkappa exons promote exon-skipping and synthesis of V domain-less kappa light
79 o repair the primary genetic defect, called 'exon skipping' and 'nonsense codon suppression'.
80 em cells to characterize splicing variation (exon skipping) and its determinants.
81 ecific overexpression of PTB increased alpha-exon skipping, and a reduction in PTB increased alpha-ex
82 hanisms included transcriptional repression, exon skipping, and intron inclusion.
83 utations, one causes a nonsense mutation and exon skipping, and one affects a splice site, were found
84 utic correction of many genetic diseases via exon skipping, and the first AON-based drugs have entere
85 one allele that caused aberrant splicing and exon skipping, and the other allele had an amino acid su
86  long-term treatment with peptide-conjugated exon skipping antisense oligonucleotides (20-week regime
87 irst time the efficiency of the AAV-mediated exon skipping approach in the utrophin/dystrophin double
88 og model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the exon-skipping approach recently improved multiple functi
89 f embryonic dystrophin in zebrafish using an exon-skipping approach severely impairs the mobility and
90 or with other diseases that are eligible for exon-skipping approaches requiring whole-body treatment.
91 hat mutations within the repeat that abolish exon skipping are corrected by compensatory mutations in
92      The antisense oligonucleotides used for exon skipping are designed to bypass premature stop codo
93 ture but alternative donor/acceptor site and exon skipping are mainly induced, indicating differentia
94 processing, alternative 5 and 3'ss usage and exon skipping are marked by distinct patterns of ordered
95                               In addition to exon skipping, ASO treatment causes intron retention and
96 NM1 protein is also predicted as a result of exon skipping associated with disruption of a consensus
97 mouse provides a favored system for study of exon skipping associated with nonsense mutations.
98 tion factor ETS variant 1 (ETV1) gene showed exon skipping at exon 7, while nudE neurodevelopment pro
99         While in most cases the Alu promotes exon skipping, at one locus the Alu increases exon inclu
100  to do so in an mle(napts) background causes exon skipping because the normal splice donor is occlude
101 e reduction results from gradually increased exon skipping between exons 50 and 219 of titin mRNA.
102 ctivity, LaSSO identified both canonical and exon-skipping branch points.
103 NP M included the ability not only to induce exon skipping but also to promote exon inclusion.
104 SR proteins have also been reported to cause exon skipping, but little is known about the mechanism.
105 ta demonstrate that chimeraplasts can induce exon skipping by altering splice site sequences at the g
106                                              Exon skipping by ASOs is gaining traction as a therapeut
107           We demonstrate that Rbm20 mediates exon skipping by binding to titin pre-mRNA to repress th
108 ) into protein encoding molecules, or induce exon skipping by disruption of exon splicing enhancers (
109 functional dystrophin protein expression via exon skipping by restoring in-frame transcripts in the m
110       We have now expanded the potential for exon skipping by testing whether an internal, in-frame t
111 AS in BRCA1, we show here that inappropriate exon skipping can be reproduced in vitro, and results fr
112 DE9) expressed by cancer cells with MSI, via exon skipping caused by somatic deletions in the T(17) i
113 me deletions relevant to on-going or planned exon skipping clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dyst
114 to improve and better predict the outcome of exon skipping clinical trials.
115 uman muscle disease and showed that multiple exon skipping could be induced in RNA that encodes a mut
116 es, the upstream intron was removed, so that exon skipping could not occur.
117 ellular trafficking correspond well with the exon-skipping data, with higher activity in myotubes tha
118 rtion, small in-frame deletions and a larger exon-skipping deletion.
119 ut mice, we now show that SR protein-induced exon skipping depends on their prevalent actions on a fl
120 chenne muscular dystrophy, the rationale for exon skipping derived from observations in patients with
121 oximately 80% cis), whereas species-specific exon skipping differences are driven by both cis- and tr
122 lection because gene splicing analysis shows exon skipping due to loss of the ESE.
123 ory circuit of sense-antisense pairs and the exon skipping during alternative splicing, through inter
124                                              Exon skipping (ES) is reported to be the most common alt
125                                We present an exon skipping event in HDAC7, which is a candidate gene
126 eptides with one single intron event and one exon skipping event were identified.
127                                Particularly, exon-skipping event in Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZ
128                                         This exon-skipping event is associated with a mutation at the
129 ive complex PRC2, and the down-regulation of exon-skipping event may lead to the regain of functional
130          Finally, the protein encoded by the exon-skipping event, Delta7, was less stable than full-l
131 p a new target function for AS prediction in exon skipping events and show it significantly improves
132 al features due to ES events, and studies of exon skipping events associated with mutations and methy
133 GGAC identified by CoSREM may play a role in exon skipping events in several tumor samples.
134                                      Several exon skipping events were also highly repeatable, sugges
135                           On the other hand, exon skipping events were rare in coding regions (1%) bu
136 -PCR validation rate of 86% for differential exon skipping events with a MATS FDR of <10%.
137 mily within exons 3 and 4 contributes to the exon skipping events, although the most commonly observe
138 ities to identify therapeutically targetable exon skipping events.
139 nges in pre-mRNA splicing with prevalence of exon skipping events.
140 ort splice variants of KV10.1 resulting from exon-skipping events (E65 and E70) in human brain and ca
141 lgorithm also aids in the discovery of micro-exon-skipping events and cross-species micro-exon conser
142                      In addition, we observe exon-skipping events in c-MET, which are attributable to
143                                              Exon-skipping events increased in cells deficient for th
144                            Interestingly, 29 exon-skipping events induced by treatment were identifie
145 iring by determining the number of incorrect exon-skipping events made from constitutively spliced pr
146 ations of tumor suppressor genes often cause exon-skipping events that truncate proteins just like cl
147  of all annotated introns, hundreds of novel exon-skipping events, and thousands of novel introns.
148 events, but also pinpointed novel, but rare, exon-skipping events, which may reflect aberrantly splic
149 rute-force algorithms to detect all possible exon-skipping events, which were widespread but rare com
150 nts with Becker MD and mdx mice subjected to exon skipping exhibited inhibited dystrophin degradation
151 suppressor genes, including whole or partial exon skipping, exonification of intronic sequence, loss
152 t internally deleted dystrophins produced by exon skipping for different mutations; more insight woul
153  However, antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping for DMD still faces major hurdles such as
154 ophies, with an emphasis on gene therapy and exon skipping for DMD.
155 e with an exon 5-targeted ASO-induced robust exon skipping for more than a year, improved motor coord
156 g the mutations in cell lines to demonstrate exon skipping from the deletion mutation and the activat
157 ystems but for which no previous examples of exon-skipping had been demonstrated.
158            In particular, antisense-mediated exon skipping has shown encouraging results and holds pr
159      Indeed, antisense oligonucleotide-based exon skipping has shown promise for RDEB.
160               As such, chimeraplast-mediated exon skipping has the potential to be used to transform
161 ns, antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated exon skipping has the potential to restore a functional
162 uction by antisense oligonucleotides, termed exon-skipping, has been reported for the mdx mouse and i
163  EAAT2 mRNAs, including intron-retention and exon-skipping, have now been identified from the affecte
164  specificity was observed, with differential exon skipping in 5% of genes otherwise coexpressed in bo
165 verexpression of RNPS1 in HeLa cells induced exon skipping in a model beta-globin pre-mRNA and a huma
166 nes, were shown to cause intron retention or exon skipping in an allele-specific manner, with approxi
167 enous CD44 gene revealed that CARM1 promotes exon skipping in an enzyme-dependent manner.
168                             Several cases of exon skipping in both normal controls and patients for w
169  a critical regulator of both signal-induced exon skipping in CD45 and global alternative-transcript
170                            ASOs also induced exon skipping in cell lines derived from patients with C
171                         Given the success of exon skipping in clinical trials to treat genetic diseas
172 F3-affected AS events, with a preference for exon skipping in genes involved with cell mitosis.
173  in widespread intron retention and cassette exon skipping in leukemic cells regardless of Srsf2 geno
174 tion was decreased due to the high levels of exon skipping in non-SM cell lines.
175  splice site recognition and contributing to exon skipping in nonneural cells.
176 t of a deep intronic/branch-site mutation on exon skipping in PTEN but also found that different spli
177  Mutant U2AF1 promotes enhanced splicing and exon skipping in reporter assays in vitro.
178                                         Such exon skipping in response to a PTC, but not a missense m
179  transgenes whose expression is activated by exon skipping in response to a specific protein inducer.
180 licing silencer in CD45 exon 4 confers basal exon skipping in resting T cells through the activity of
181   Multimerisation of the URE caused enhanced exon skipping in SM and various non-SM cells.
182           However, four exons are subject to exon skipping in some transcripts, giving rise to five s
183 ty of hnRNP L and confers activation-induced exon skipping in T cells via previously unknown mechanis
184          This element (In100) can facilitate exon skipping in the context of competing 3' or 5' splic
185 ted in a reduction of dystrophin protein and exon skipping in the diaphragm.
186 avenous oligonucleotide (morpholino)-induced exon skipping in the DMD dog model.
187 ong isoforms of Cask and Madd, and mimicking exon skipping in these transcripts through antisense oli
188                          This, together with exon skipping in two noncontiguous regions, favors aberr
189 have previously been found to correlate with exon-skipping in both lymphocytes and tumors from patien
190 ession by antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon-skipping in mdx mice and (2) stable restoration of
191 switching and differential exon usage (i.e., exon-skipping), in addition to its effects on gene expre
192 1 were shown to be critical determinants for exon skipping, indicating that LINE1 acts as efficient m
193     Therapeutic restoration of dystrophin by exon skipping induced widespread shifts in protein and m
194 rsity can be placed into four major classes: exon skipping, intron retention, alternative 5' splice s
195 ere discovered, which were generated through exon skipping, intron retention, and alternative usage o
196                                              Exon skipping is a common result of splice mutations and
197 , antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) mediated exon skipping is a promising therapeutic approach.
198                                              Exon skipping is a promising therapeutic strategy for Du
199  to improve this therapeutic approach to DMD.Exon skipping is a strategy for the treatment of Duchenn
200                                              Exon skipping is a widespread phenomenon occurring acros
201           Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping is able to correct out-of-frame mutations
202   This study, by demonstrating that targeted exon skipping is able to rescue ciliary protein composit
203                                              Exon skipping is also more likely to occur when exons ar
204                                              Exon skipping is capable of correcting frameshift and no
205                                              Exon skipping is considered a principal mechanism by whi
206                                              Exon skipping is currently being tested in humans with d
207 ably, the effect of the nonsense mutation on exon skipping is incomplete.
208                           Antisense-mediated exon skipping is one of the most promising approaches fo
209 gulatory role in the pathway leading to male-exon skipping is sans-fille (snf), a protein component o
210                                Although SMN2 exon skipping is the principal contributor to SMA severi
211  analysis confirms that this mutation causes exon skipping, leading to an out-of-frame fusion of BRCA
212                        The mutation leads to exon skipping, leaving the coding region in frame.
213 bi-specific CPP-PMOs demonstrated comparable exon skipping levels for both pre-mRNA targets when comp
214 ells, illustrating that SR protein-dependent exon skipping may constitute a key strategy for synergis
215 ve to neutral polymorphisms, indicating that exon skipping may play a prominent role in aberrant gene
216                         We also described an exon-skipping mechanism for CARD11 dominant-negative act
217  transcript, indicating that it arises by an exon-skipping mechanism of alternative splicing.
218 e recurrent in lung adenocarcinoma and cause exon skipping (METDelta14).
219 tectable binding and signal transduction for exon-skipping mutated constructs.
220         We now report characterization of an exon-skipping mutation (IVS3+5G-->A at the intron 3 spli
221 e pathogenic allele in exon 41, including an exon-skipping mutation that induced an in-frame deletion
222                         Patients with COL3A1 exon skipping mutations had higher plasma intercellular
223                                              Exon skipping mutations of the Hypocretin/Orexin-recepto
224  Functional analysis of previously-described exon-skipping mutations and of the E54K substitution wer
225 ced urticaria and immune dysregulation PLCG2 exon-skipping mutations resulting in protein products wi
226     Finally, we describe two disease-related exon-skipping mutations that create hnRNP A1 binding sit
227 pecific alternative splicing events, such as exon skipping,mutually exclusive exons, alternative 3' a
228 usively intron retention, in contrast to the exon skipping observed in vertebrates.
229 mdx mice with morpholino oligomers to induce exon skipping of dystrophin exon 23 (that results in fun
230 rfan syndrome (MFS) patient induces in-frame exon skipping of FBN1 exon 51.
231 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we propose that exon skipping of FcepsilonRIbeta is a potential approach
232 2a was common in all cardiac muscle samples, exon skipping of Myocd exon 10a was a rare event in both
233  and disrupted the developmentally regulated exon skipping of Ndel1 mRNA, which is bound by MBNL1 and
234 nsistent with the formation of GABA(B)R1c by exon skipping of one sushi domain module.
235 uch as antisense oligonucleotides, to induce exon skipping of specific mutations or drugs developed t
236 ivo using antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping of the beta-subunit of the high-affinity I
237 usly characterized SRSF1 (SF2/ASF)-dependent exon skipping of the CaMKIIdelta gene during heart remod
238 splicing of ClC-1 and that antisense-induced exon skipping offers a powerful method for correcting al
239                                   Here using exon skipping oligonucleotides we predominantly restored
240 t splicing resulting in either mis-splicing, exon skipping or inclusion of alternative exons, consist
241 ding near the 3' splice site promoted either exon skipping or inclusion.
242 ed across species that are generated through exon skipping or insertion that encodes proteins contain
243 t some single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) can induce exon skipping or large genomic deletions that delete exo
244             The splice-site mutations led to exon skipping or utilization of cryptic acceptor-splice
245 in expression to diseased cells is known as 'exon skipping' or splice-modulation, whereby antisense o
246  influencing regulatory elements, leading to exon skipping, or by creating a new cryptic splice site.
247 ic matrices and that accurately predicts the exon-skipping phenotypes of deleterious point mutations.
248 oration through micro-dystrophin delivery or exon skipping, preclinical models have shown that incomp
249 hich we built the winning model of the CAGI5 exon skipping prediction challenge.
250                                 Drug-induced exon skipping preferentially affects shorter alternative
251                      Two drugs developed for exon skipping, PRO051 and AVI-4658, result in the exclus
252  splicing modulator-induced intron-retention/exon-skipping profile, which correlates with the differe
253 ligonucleotides) in DMD pre-mRNA can lead to exon skipping, restoration of the open reading frame, an
254                                  AON-induced exon skipping resulted in specific Alk4 down-regulation,
255 further confirmed that all 3 variants caused exon skipping resulting in frameshifts that lead to prem
256 ssociated with increased polyadenylation and exon skipping, resulting from the actions of ELL2 transc
257 ed a novel computational method, graph-based exon-skipping scanner (GESS), for de novo detection of s
258 of several alternative methods shows that an exon-skipping score based on neighboring junctions best
259    Mutations at splice junctions often cause exon skipping, short deletions, or insertions in the mat
260 e combined to predict effects of variants on exon skipping, splice site choice, splicing efficiency,
261 ence conferring competitive advantage to the exon-skipping splicing event (E8-E10).
262  turn confers a competitive advantage to the exon-skipping splicing pattern.
263 cided with the switch from exon inclusion to exon skipping, suggesting that loss of TIA and SR enhanc
264 erved in patients with mutations amenable to exon skipping than in those not amenable.
265 t a novel mechanism for altered splicing and exon skipping that is independent of traditional introni
266                                  This causes exon skipping, the in-frame deletion of 46 amino acids f
267 o all three families and was shown to induce exon skipping; the other mutations were frameshift mutat
268                                              Exon-skipping therapies aim to convert Duchenne muscular
269  neuropathy, and promising gene transfer and exon-skipping therapies for muscular dystrophy are among
270 ame deletions and insertions are targeted by exon-skipping therapies.
271  mdx mice, combined dystrophin and myostatin exon skipping therapy greatly improved DMD pathology, co
272 s as well as the biodistribution of ASOs for exon skipping therapy.
273 oligomers (PMOs) has shown great promise for exon-skipping therapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DM
274 ing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-U7-mediated exon-skipping therapy was shown to decrease drastically
275 tant implications for the development of DMD exon-skipping therapy.
276        Although very effective in correcting exon skipping, they also induced retention of the short
277                           A switch from cTNT exon skipping to inclusion tightly correlated with induc
278 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that induces exon skipping to restore the open reading frame.
279 ne, read-through of translation stop codons, exon skipping to restore the reading frame and increased
280 ts, including nonsense codon suppressors and exon skipping, to gene therapy using viral and nonviral
281 % restoration of wt dystrophin levels, using exon-skipping, together with increased utrophin levels r
282                                        These exon-skipping transcripts are therefore unlikely to be f
283                                The pervasive exon-skipping transcripts were stochastic, did not incre
284 strophy with deletions relevant for on-going exon skipping trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
285 srupts normal MLH1 mRNA processing, and that exon skipping underlies pathogenesis in these HNPCC fami
286 ad to a limited array of products, including exon skipping, use of cryptic splice-acceptor or -donor
287                                              Exon skipping uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to
288                                              Exon skipping uses antisense oligonucleotides as a treat
289 and dystrophin production can be achieved by exon skipping using antisense oligonucleotides targeted
290  4-8) corresponding to LBD to produce namely exon-skipping variants.
291                 The average splicing rate by exon skipping was approximately 0.24% in wild type and a
292                                              Exon skipping was confirmed by reverse transcription-pol
293                                              Exon skipping was the major splicing event observed.
294                                   To prevent exon-skipping, we have targeted an intronic repressor, E
295 ms for internal alternative cis-splicing and exon skipping were active in multiple life cycle stages
296                      Both exon inclusion and exon skipping were found to post-transcriptionally regul
297 ing enhancer (ESE), for example, could cause exon skipping which would result in the exclusion of an
298 ncated reading frame upstream of the IRES by exon skipping, which led to synthesis of a functional N-
299 induced jdf2 mutant alleles, each leading to exon skipping with premature termination of translation
300 sma cells, enhanced both polyadenylation and exon skipping with the gene encoding the immunoglobulin

 
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