ライフサイエンスコーパス: expected value

1 ional choice (i.e., computing and maximizing expected value).

2 interaction that is critical for estimating expected value.

3 e caudal prefrontal regions as a function of expected value.

4 l information signaled within Rh to estimate expected value.

5 nd are thought to update neural estimates of expected value.

6 erences in brain activation for loss-related expected value.

7 radigm, we trade off visual salience against expected value.

8 ed: their entropy is lower than the computed expected value.

9 with a simple loss of information regarding expected value.

10 ecision making in favor of options with high expected value.

11 ty of asymmetric HMM was much lower than the expected value.

12 different sizes, close to the theoretically expected value.

13 a crude analysis will usually have a nonzero expected value.

14 peak currents in these +CGs were double the expected value.

15 in this region was approximately 28% of the expected value.

16 n their PEFR still did not exceed 40% of the expected value.

17 an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value.

18 hieves the selection of the option with best expected value.

19 mbda deviating by a factor of three from the expected value.

20 edict reward and did not reflect its average expected value.

21 d 500 degrees C, respectively, <10% from the expected value.

22 rds are obtained and which actions have high expected value.

23 sample (Ag/Au) with a deviation of 3.2% the expected value.

24 scaled with the divergence-based account of expected value.

25 chose to accept or reject gambles of varying expected value.

26 y present (and more rational) calculation of expected value.

27 hed in OCD patients, who relied primarily on expected value.

28 d the results are in good agreement with the expected values.

29 stence of the DBM conditions corresponded to expected values.

30 processed samples were in agreement with the expected values.

31 ) and ACR (P = .793) were not different from expected values.

32 ssion (19% vs 6%; P = .005) was greater than expected values.

33 nd (ix) automatically flag outliers based on expected values.

34 ulated viral loads were 0.57 to 3.26% of the expected values.

35 coefficients were in good agreement with the expected values.

36 ity to measure MTVs that are consistent with expected values.

37 ll genome viruses had CpG contents far below expected values.

38 s 1.3-1.7 nm in size, in good agreement with expected values.

39 type I diabetes, there was no deviation from expected values.

40 for efavirenz and nelfinavir corresponded to expected values.

41 of-flight mass spectrometry conformed to the expected values.

42 Mean FEV1 and FVC were at expected values.

43 ement measured on SE images also agreed with expected values.

44 d sensory experience, and thus assimilate to expected values.

45 ed by approximately 20% in comparison to the expected values.

46 were calculated by subtracting observed from expected values.

47 ze by simulating random variates about these expected values.

48 al predictions while 14 show variations from expected values.

49 with the fitted values representing unbiased expected values.

50 and full capsids are in close agreement with expected values.

51 as approximately 0.2 per thousand lower than expected values.

52 eciprocal hybrids significantly exceeded the expected values.

53 in both cases were in good agreement to the expected values.

54 e requires only a vector of differences with expected value 0 under the null hypothesis.

55 percentile of selected samples close to the expected values (100% sensitivity).

56 ith controls (27.4 +/- 4.7 ml/kg/minute) and expected values (30.7 +/- 3.1 ml/kg/minute; P < 0.0006 v

57 subjects chose between two choices of equal expected value: a 'Sure' choice and a 'Gamble' choice of

58 these factors exactly cancel, such that the expected value across time is constant (CEV).

59 ions, we investigated how predicted risk and expected value aggregate into a common reward signal in

60 s/DDKT/LDKT dropped to 18%/24%/87% below the expected value (all P < .001).

61 ticular: Brodmann area 11) encodes gains and expected value also depends upon the range of gain prosp

62 We compute its expected value and apply this definition to the intron a

63 ation about available options, such as their expected value and economic risk.

64 nning, and in particular whether it reflects expected value and motivational salience at different la

65 or punishments, raising the possibility that expected value and motivational salience manifest at dif

66 ults demonstrate that beta activity reflects expected value and motivational salience on different ti

67 ity in parieto-frontal regions reflects both expected value and motivational salience.

68 nt 1, when other decision variables, such as expected value and outcome entropy, were held constant,

69 ncertainty, people usually consider both the expected value and risk of each option, and choose the o

70 bility to respond to changes in the gambles' expected value and risk, they showed a dramatic reductio

71 tions as a function of their energy cost and expected value and the disruption of this faculty is now

72 attributes of the chosen option, namely, its expected value and the uncertainty of this value signal.

73 ors, we show that many ACC-neurons represent expected value and uncertainty in a valence-specific man

74 ons in the anterior cingulate that represent expected value and uncertainty in a valence-specific man

75 ty of the options under consideration, their expected value and uncertainty in value estimation.

76 ns showed comparable granularity in encoding expected value and value uncertainty, which was parallel

77 Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rat

78 reduced set of projections, aligns well with expected values and enhances noise robustness.

79 easured sulfur contents are within 1-1.5% of expected values and the reproducibility of delta34S valu

80 We show that predicted mean reward (i.e., expected value), and predicted reward variability (i.e.,

81 emodynamic correlates for the learning rate, expected value, and prediction error did not differ betw

82 y, prediction error, magnitude, probability, expected value, and variance.

83 was at least 2 per mil enriched compared to expected values, and during the following 700 years, an

84 rated platforms, did not align well with the expected values, and most platforms tended to quantify s

85 eved), lottery incentive (daily eligibility [expected value approximately $1.40] if goal was achieved

86 have molecular mass values agreeing with the expected value (approximately 6123 Da).

87 of other decision-related variables such as expected value are not affected.

88 Secondly, they support learning: expected values are compared to rewards actually receive

89 Expected values are the metric most often used to judge

90 These measures are compared with their expected values as obtained from the permutation of the

91 task, we also found a representation of the expected value at each location.

92 bserved NCD burden across countries with the expected values based on a country's Socio-demographic I

93 ving donor LTs (LDLT) 3/15/2020-8/31/2020 to expected values based on historical trends 1/2016-1/2020

94 nd these are compared with the theoretically expected values based on the rotational diffusion of an

95 (SLE), and risk of death were compared with expected values based on the US reference population.

96 ision policies that fail to maximize overall expected value but reduce variance in cumulative outcome

97 Bond lengths and angles deviate from expected values by 0.012 A and 1.86 degrees, respectivel

98 In contrast, expected value can be decoded from multiple regions at t

99 tion can be estimated from P-values, and its expected value can be predicted for study design applica

100 We show that analysis based on expected values can easily lead to wrong conclusions, es

101 We show that the expected values closely match the empirical values throu

102 ing severity and amygdala activation in gain expected value coding suggests that more severe PRGs are

103 dala activation associated with gain-related expected value coding.

104 ked tendency to choose options with negative expected values compared with placebo treatment in male

105 Reward schedules were such that expected value could increase, decrease, or remain const

106 An analysis of CpG observed/expected values (CpG O/E) across the C. virginica genome

107 The results are in good agreement with the expected values, demonstrating the feasibility of compac

108 Measured against expected values derived from covariates of ASD subjects,

109 i,psi-backbone dihedral angles show that the expected value deviates by +/- 8 degrees from planar as

110 The recovered tensor elements agree with the expected values dictated by symmetry.

111 rget prospects became, especially when their expected-value difference was small.

112 However, while convenient, expected values do not necessarily describe the evolutio

113 rent value influences the acquisition of new expected value during associative learning.

114 re with or facilitate the acquisition of new expected values during associative learning.

115 Expected value encoding in the right nucleus accumbens f

116 conductive fillers usually cannot provide an expected value, especially for composites requiring elec

117 We compared the observed results with expected values estimated based on the Socio-demographic

118 and probability comprise dual components of expected value (EV), a cornerstone of economic and psych

119 on a single value dimension: the higher the 'expected value' (EV) of an unavailable (distractor) pros

120 rable stakes were depicted using low to high expected values (EVs) of points.

121 ambles with different variance but identical expected values (EVs), the monkeys preferred high-varian

122 s of 107,000 in excellent agreement with the expected value for a dimer of HL (106.8 kDa).

123 The expected value for a random matrix is 14%.

124 nteraction with beta' both correspond to the expected value for complete protection of one of the two

125 of prediction error given a neurally derived expected value for each trial.

126 t affected by actin poisons and approach the expected value for free diffusion.

127 (1) min(-)(1)) was at the lower range of the expected value for RNA duplex formation, and the substra

128 muB -a significantly reduced moment from the expected value for such a system.

129 band centered at molecular mass 80 kDa, the expected value for the SP receptor expressed in Chinese

130 odel of random colocalization, which yielded expected values for chi2 tests against the experimental

131 ion and Q-length that is substantially below expected values for compact globule structures ( approxi

132 9.7%, and accuracy ranged from 97 to 103% of expected values for controls prepared by spiking sulfata

133 s to dissociate teaching signals that update expected values for each action, versus signals that tra

134 lysis was used to evaluate agreement between expected values for ferritin in control sera and each of

135 These predictions can be used to obtain expected values for for diploid and for (allo- or autote

136 Expected values for glucose metabolic rates and recovery

137 duced by 25% for the FemB mutant relative to expected values for homogeneous structures.

138 ATP for rhTBK-1 and rhIKK-i are between the expected values for kinases, whereas the dissociation co

139 s show reasonable agreement to theoretically expected values for known samples with good signal/noise

140 c rates as quotients of observed relative to expected values for mammals corrected for size, body com

141 demonstrated that the tissue mimics matched expected values for subcutaneous and muscle tissue, and

142 e analyses depict model behavior and provide expected values for the accuracy of parameter estimates

143 ents using conventional ESI-MS deviated from expected values for the equimolar mixture measurements d

144 sured periods are in good agreement with the expected values for the extensional modes of the rods.

145 ciencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typical flares according to the US E

146 nce-based measure to characterize effort and expected value from performing tasks in older adults wit

147 oth intact assemblies and subcomplexes match expected values from available X-ray structures in all c

148 to 5.2 MPa.m(1/2)), significantly surpassing expected values from mixture rules, as well as all other

149 S), that substitutes genotype calls by their expected values given observed sequence data.

150 Increasing expected value had a stronger influence over gambling ch

151 and flow resistance were much closer to the expected value ( (i,i) = 120 versus 130 expected).

152 ed in the Bakken shale, more than double the expected value if 98% efficiency was representative.

153 gma(2) can be significantly smaller than the expected value if the mRNA is extracted from a sample of

154 This value is similar to the expected value in aqueous solution, suggesting that ther

155 The map would default to an expected value in situations where other attributes are

156 r in the ventral striatum, and the signal of expected value in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, sh

157 significantly higher mutation rates than the expected values in each individual tumor and demonstrate

158 he amygdala and striatum learn and represent expected values in RL tasks.

159 d by factor of 80 in Aniline compared to the expected values in the case of ballistic propagation of

160 ees, respectively, compared to the synthesis expected values in the frequency band from 1 kHz to 10 M

161 ected twin pairs among affected sib pairs to expected values in two separate samples of multiplex fam

162 More specifically, the rate at which expected value increased following reward and decreased

163 In two other conditions, expected value increases (IEV) or decreases (DEV), such

164 Expected value increases the expected utility of an opti

165 The amygdala relays the expected value information to orbitofrontal cells that r

166 ive behavior disorders showed reduced use of expected value information within the ventromedial prefr

167 the average path length guarantees that the expected value is known regardless of the complexity of

168 timal strategy: they respond slowly when the expected value is low.

169 nHash is not unbiased (in the sense that its expected value is not equal to the quantity it attempts

170 n defined by an indexed ratio of observed-to-expected values, is low.

171 mported cases, although lower than estimated expected values, is within a reasonable range of expecta

172 re the pI is observed to be shifted from the expected value, it is shown that this shift is often cor

173 ns were associated with risk-preferences and expected-value maximization.

174 , F = 0.462, is significantly lower than the expected value of 0.5.

175 nome sequences and found to deviate from the expected value of 0.75.

176 reduction in relative X/A diversity from the expected value of 1.

177 unit (LTU50) of 1.20 was rather close to the expected value of 1.

178 ratios of most peak pairs were close to the expected value of 1.0 (e.g., 95.5% of them had ratios of

179 d rice wine samples were within +/-20% of an expected value of 1.0.

180 and analysis by GC-IRMS gives a smaller than expected value of 1.022 for the carbon kinetic isotope (

181 ) (interaction rate ratio) compared with the expected value of 1.070 (1.057, 1.082) if there were no

182 1991-1992, relative risks were close to the expected value of 1.09, and CIs on relative risks from a

183 was between 10,000 and 30,000 tons, with an expected value of 22,000 tons.

184 s chromosome may have been reduced below the expected value of 25% of the autosomal effective size, p

185 ncy was only 34 micromol/L compared with the expected value of 45 micromol/L in the normal population

186 In the presence of AI, the expected value of a BAF can shift in two possible direct

187 at PEs-the deviation between the outcome and expected value of a memory decision-correlate with stria

188 The function is derived as the expected value of a pixel, given that values are censore

189 kept up to date by constantly comparing the expected value of a stimulus with its experienced outcom

190 Decision-making about the expected value of an experience or behavior can explain

191 rior cingulate cortex (rACC) encode both the expected value of an observed choice, and the PE after t

192 ues that become enormously elevated above an expected value of approximately 10(13) s(-1) when the en

193 People update the expected value of choices using different types of predi

194 ween the strength of synchronization and the expected value of choices.

195 cation of control by determining the overall expected value of control (EVC), thereby licensing the a

196 ion of control based on an evaluation of the expected value of control (EVC).

197 According to the Expected Value of Control theory, people integrate infor

198 fficacy of task performance to determine the expected value of control, and then adjust their control

199 s the absence of an avoidable difference-the expected value of d(p1, p2) depends on the shape of the

200 cost, dopamine is involved in computing the expected value of effort.

201 -effectiveness was addressed, as well as the expected value of eliminating uncertainties.

202 a theoretical framework for quantifying the expected value of information that might result from a q

203 threefold more sensitive to the SD than the expected value of LF dynamics, in line with the maintena

204 dorsal striatum track parameters such as the expected value of lottery tickets indicating the computa

205 e in the relative quantity of Minos from the expected value of merging the two parental genomes, indi

206 nction of the relative uncertainty about the expected value of options.

207 ted to incorporate decision uncertainty, and expected value of perfect information for the entire mod

208 At this threshold, the expected value of perfect information was euro 246 139 0

209 gies for publicly insured children using an "expected value of perfect information" (EVPI) approach.

210 We found that the expected value of recreational fisheries has been dimini

211 Here we calculate the expected value of resolving uncertainty about vaccine ef

212 ved dependencies on conditional probability, expected value of reward, and time since onset of the re

213 s 'reward-taxis' where the attractant is the expected value of reward.

214 or of choice, and those corresponding to the expected value of the action that is subsequently chosen

215 rontal cortex, were involved in encoding the expected value of the action that was ultimately taken.

216 Genetic heterogeneity has no impact upon the expected value of the basic reproductive ratio (the prim

217 ivity tracked positively with modulations of expected value of the cues (peers).

218 Moreover, it is determined that the expected value of the delta layer position as calculated

219 is demonstrably goal-directed (driven by the expected value of the drug) and can be augmented by stre

220 genome sequence; by branch, which gives the expected value of the dual site statistic under the infi

221 We show that the expected value of the least-squares solution across all

222 of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m(-3), we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, beta,

223 f these neurons shifted across blocks as the expected value of the reward changed.

224 tive to the expected demands, but not to the expected value of their consequence, whereas representat

225 Previous research showed that the expected value of these prediction errors is often not z

226 -FMISO distribution volume deviated from the expected value of unity, causing discrepancy between k3

227 characteristic in terms of closeness to the expected value of unknown samples than their genomic cou

228 airs of each of these seven markers to their expected values of 0.50, only the five markers located a

229 (STR) contain neurons encoding not only the expected values of actions, but also the value of stimul

230 urons bias action selection according to the expected values of actions.

231 id scintillation counting, fit very well the expected values of activity for each microirradiator, ca

232 Firstly, they drive choice: the expected values of available options are compared to one

233 prediction errors (RPEs) are used to update expected values of choice options.

234 OFC) has been implicated in representing the expected values of choices.

235 The model's three major pathways compute expected values of cues, timed predictions of reward mag

236 ck") of the current relationship between the expected values of current response options and the actu

237 nce, it is of paramount importance to define expected values of daily urinary creatinine excretion to

238 s of precursor enrichment, and estimated the expected values of fractional synthesis within the const

239 In this article, we derive expected values of gene tree branch lengths in substitut

240 a Monte Carlo approach to estimate ranges of expected values of LCA metrics by incorporating paramete

241 In contrast, mOFC/vmPFC activity reflected expected values of outcomes and occurrence of positive o

242 aals estimates, corresponding to larger than expected values of R1.

243 effort, particularly at low to intermediate expected values of reward.

244 ffort, also primarily at low to intermediate expected values of reward.

245 Participants track expected values of self-money and other-shocks separatel

246 graphs model, we also derive closed forms of expected values of the ARG characteristics i.e., height

247 We also study the exact dynamics of the expected values of the cytonuclear genotypic disequilibr

248 ied replicator equation can describe how the expected values of the frequencies of an arbitrary numbe

249 By comparing the expected values of the period after the onset of the cri

250 mygdala (SLEA) and orbital gyrus tracked the expected values of the prospects, and responses to the h

251 determine the trees corresponding to extreme expected values of these neutrality tests and present fo

252 Larger than expected values of ZnS are observed in genetic samples f

253 (outcome variability) and changing returns (expected value) on the choices of children, adolescents,

254 bility to select actions based on either the expected value or the discriminative stimulus properties

255 n behind human decision-making optimizes for expected values or instead takes time growth rates into

256 for cue-reward association or for estimating expected value per se, by testing these monkeys, as well

257 ral representations of basic task variables (expected value, prediction errors).

258 ng function impairment (defined as Dlco <60% expected value); proportion of patients with posttraumat

259 This bias is due to the use of expected values, rather than to a lack of information ab

260 Furthermore, expected-value related brain signalling in the ventromed

261 al cortex, supported by putamen, provides an expected value-related input to the PAG, which then conv

262 hy older adults had an abnormal signature of expected value, resulting in an incomplete reward predic

263 ly been viewed as an absolute measure (e.g., expected value, reward magnitude), much evidence suggest

264 for the hardest stimulus pair via increasing expected value sensitivity towards the rewarding stimulu

265 computers, robots, and vehicles, whereas the expected value signals can be used to continuously monit

266 Expected value signals related to fluid preference, the

267 uently, in contexts with an overall negative expected value, successful punishment avoidance acquires

268 cate that subcortical regions known to track expected value such as the caudate nucleus, together wit

269 ofrontal cortex associated with gain-related expected value than HCs.

270 with this notion, we found that a measure of expected value that treats instrumental divergence as a

271 ition fidelities above the thermodynamically expected values, thereby pointing a way towards solving

272 n humans make decisions that do not optimize expected values, these decisions are considered irration

273 , test accuracy was found to be within 4% of expected values through the calibrated range of 0.48-1.9

274 IC compares observed and expected values to find associations between drugs and a

275 F(ST)'s must differ significantly from their expected values under this hypothesis.

276 oexistence of the conditions corresponded to expected values, under the assumption of independent dis

277 nstructions in the Instructed Group, whereas expected value updated dynamically in the Uninstructed G

278 Current proposals focus on signaling of expected value versus the representation of a value-agno

279 s well as intact controls, on tasks in which expected value was either visually cued or had to be inf

280 Because expected value was held constant across all lotteries, d

281 Quantitative modeling revealed that expected value was shaped purely by instructions in the

282 lative increase in death rates compared with expected values was similar for VA enrollees (risk ratio

283 Deviation from expected values was statistically significant (P<10(-6)

284 neurons increase with reward probability and expected value, we asked how dopamine neurons in monkeys

285 Controlling for expected value, we found that a policy combining a high

286 s in a 12-dimensional space near measured or expected values, we found that model configurations that

287 In young adults, eGFR below age-expected values were associated with an elevated risk fo

288 Slightly lower than expected values were observed for the highest brominated

289 O:E) yield ratios were calculated, where the expected values were obtained using the models developed

290 esidual differences between observed and MRP expected values were smallest for LAs with large proport

291 se) and tissue contrast (0.7% deviation from expected values) were assessed for the x-ray system.

292 e sharing can differ considerably from these expected values, which in any case vary according to the

293 produced particles is in agreement with the expected values, which were derived from the decay corre

294 1-n, a higher value indicates better status; expected value with no treatment effect, 95) based on ti

295 he assay of total U and Pu within <3% of the expected values with measurement uncertainty <10% for th

296 first to determine impairments in the use of expected value within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex

297 The TXRF-determined results deviated from expected values within 5%.

298 , the age was calculated at which 50% of the expected values would fall below the lower 95% predictio

299 ad regression of observed values compared to expected values (y = 1.073x - 0.247; R(2) = 0.993, n = 3

300 otential, but the slope was smaller than the expected value, zF.