ライフサイエンスコーパス: extraembryonic

1 ecdysone receptor is first activated in the extraembryonic amnioserosa, implicating this tissue as a

2 ll populations, the dorsal epidermis and the extraembryonic amnioserosa.

3 fication of dorsal cell fates, including the extraembryonic amnioserosa.

4 Vasculogenesis occurred, but extraembryonic and embryonic blood vessels were disorgan

5 during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by

6 regulatory network and roughly correspond to extraembryonic and embryonic fates of cell differentiati

7 rates a resource for transcriptomes of human extraembryonic and embryonic germ layers differentiated

8 ement for ECR2 in driving Bmp4 expression in extraembryonic and embryonic mesoderm.

9 mbryo is patterned by signals emanating from extraembryonic and embryonic signalling centres, most no

10 Our findings suggest that the segregation of extraembryonic and embryonic tissues within the mammalia

11 atriptase is co-expressed with HAI-1 in both extraembryonic and embryonic tissues.

12 orial placentation and thus nutrient flow to extraembryonic and embryonic tissues.

13 In addition, morphological defects in other extraembryonic and embryonic vascular organs suggest a g

14 b(-/-) embryos and reveal the convergence of extraembryonic and fetal functions of Rb in neural and e

15 l phenotypes requires the loss of Rb in both extraembryonic and fetal tissues.

16 ons of Nodal-related ligands from embryonic, extraembryonic and maternal sources remain uncertain.

17 ude that Furin activity is essential in both extraembryonic and precardiac mesoderm, and in definitiv

18 a plays a critical role in the regulation of extraembryonic angiogenesis.

19 Extraembryonic arterial vessels contain hematopoietic cl

20 Our functional data strongly suggest that extraembryonic arteries can actively contribute to adult

21 of genes with aberrant allelic expression in extraembryonic, as well as embryonic tissues.

22 tages of embryogenesis in both embryonic and extraembryonic basement membranes.

23 in vitro, and injection of the PGCs into the extraembryonic blood vessel at the early embryonic stage

24 l yolk sac and the embryo, including stunted extraembryonic blood vessel formation, delayed entry int

25 markers asymmetrically on the embryonic and extraembryonic border, in response to Wnt and BMP signal

26 cendants are distributed along the embryonic/extraembryonic boundary by headfold stages at 7.5 d.p.c.

27 odermal cells segregated from endodermal and extraembryonic but mixed with mesodermal cells.

28 clearly distinguished from gastrulating and extraembryonic cell populations in the primate embryo.

29 arms of the E2F family that is essential for extraembryonic cell proliferation, placental development

30 eficient in Sox17 fail to differentiate into extraembryonic cell types and maintain expression of plu

31 embryonic cell lineages but rarely generate extraembryonic cell types.

32 ts, occurring mostly, if not exclusively, in extraembryonic cells as was expected from previous studi

33 on of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in

34 loids, expressing markers of germ layers and extraembryonic cells in radial arrangement.

35 transfer, while the Xi of differentiated or extraembryonic cells is irreversible by nuclear transfer

36 ogether, our results indicate that ActRIA in extraembryonic cells plays a major role in early gastrul

37 ls, including germ cell progenitors, but not extraembryonic cells, become hypersensitive to genotoxic

38 ar complementation with wild-type tetraploid extraembryonic cells.

39 t form the boundary between the maternal and extraembryonic compartments.

40 o related roles for Xenopus HNF3beta and the extraembryonic component of mammalian HNF3beta during ve

41 ophila melanogaster has an extremely reduced extraembryonic component, the amnioserosa.

42 a lineage previously defined as exclusively extraembryonic contributes cells to the embryo.

43 mbryonic germ-layer formation in response to extraembryonic cues.

44 -null embryos yet fail to rescue skeletal or extraembryonic defects.

45 1, show non-hematopoietic defects related to extraembryonic development and neurogenesis, respectivel

46 ded life span in Caenorhabditis elegans, and extraembryonic development and stress resistance in mamm

47 Extraembryonic development is familiar to mouse research

48 both the terminology and awareness of insect extraembryonic development--which were last common curre

49 ophila, in which zen controls all aspects of extraembryonic development.

50 sive posterior infolding involved in gut and extraembryonic development.

51 red for heart, vascular, neuronal, limb, and extraembryonic development.

52 patterning and die by E10.5 due to aberrant extraembryonic development.

53 toward capturing pluripotent stem cells with extraembryonic developmental potentials in culture and o

54 Crucial roles in extraembryonic differentiation have been identified for

55 yonic lineage genes, and a predisposition to extraembryonic differentiation.

56 nals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic domain, are required for mesoderm and end

57 Within the extraembryonic domain, Of-zen is expressed in the outer

58 is expressed in both the trophoblast-derived extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) and in the epiblast-derive

59 e communication between the epiblast and the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) of the developing mouse em

60 t stem (TS) cells in response to FGF4 in the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) that gives rise to tissues

61 derm was from nonneural regions, we utilized extraembryonic ectoderm (the proamnion) and transplanted

62 Bmp8b of the 60A class are expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm and targeted mutation of either

63 imal epiblast cells that are adjacent to the extraembryonic ectoderm during gastrulation.

64 , for the establishment and proliferation of extraembryonic ectoderm from polar trophectoderm.

65 Our results show that extraembryonic ectoderm has the capacity to form neural

66 Upon implantation, the epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm of the mouse embryo become envel

67 es the pluripotent epiblast distally and the extraembryonic ectoderm proximally.

68 mutants display severe defects in epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm, and anterior visceral endoderm

69 expression in the ectoplacental cone, in the extraembryonic ectoderm, and in trophoblast giant cells

70 y trophoblast-derived ectoplacental cone and extraembryonic ectoderm, as well as in the yolk sac and

71 equirement for the gene in both epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm, the multipotent precursors of a

72 ic day 6.5 expressed activated ERK1/2 in the extraembryonic ectoderm, whereas erk2 mutant embryos had

73 Previous studies have demonstrated that extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 and BMP8B are both

74 in the mouse embryo is regulated not only by extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 and BMP8B, but also

75 Extraembryonic ectoderm-derived factors instruct the plu

76 differentiation programs in the epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm.

77 lantation embryo into the early epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm.

78 the human chorioamnion at birth, the insect extraembryonic (EE) tissues - the amnion and serosa - ac

79 luripotency gene expression and up-regulates extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) genes, revealing a conser

80 he fetal yolk sac, a tissue derived from the extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn).

81 Fibroblast growth factor from the extraembryonic endoderm (hypoblast, a cell layer unique

82 erm (PrE) of the blastocyst, and PrE-derived eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN) cells can be propagated in

83 nes functioning in differentiation toward an extraembryonic endoderm cell fate.

84 of Mct8 by RAR is likely to be important for extraembryonic endoderm development and neural different

85 -4 and GATA-6 have determining role in mouse extraembryonic endoderm development.

86 ping neural tube; HNF3beta expression in the extraembryonic endoderm is also necessary for the proper

87 The formation of extraembryonic endoderm is one of the earliest steps in

88 Several lines of evidence suggest that the extraembryonic endoderm of vertebrate embryos plays an i

89 programing of multiple cell types to induced extraembryonic endoderm stem (iXEN) cells.

90 In mice, the extraembryonic endoderm supplies nutrients to the embryo

91 roviding GATA6-null embryos with a wild-type extraembryonic endoderm with the use of tetraploid embry

92 st lineage, and at transient high levels for extraembryonic endoderm, but also indirectly through its

93 We show that Bmi1 is enriched in the extraembryonic (endoderm [XEN] and trophectodermal stem

94 erentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs) or into extraembryonic endodermal (ExE) cells as a model for cel

95 nd localized to the brush-border membrane of extraembryonic endodermal cells.

96 These findings show that extraembryonic EPCR expression is critical for embryo de

97 ndothelial cells from E13.5, suggesting that extraembryonic EPCR expression may be essential for embr

98 The extraembryonic epigenome includes specific de novo methy

99 How the two extraembryonic epithelia evolved into one is unclear.

100 In most other insects two extraembryonic epithelia, serosa and amnion, line the in

101 flies including Drosophila develop a single extraembryonic epithelium (amnioserosa), which closes th

102 The amnioserosa is an extraembryonic epithelium that evolved in higher cyclorr

103 etle Tribolium are protected by a serosa, an extraembryonic epithelium that is present in all insects

104 ibits a gap at the dorsal side covered by an extraembryonic epithelium, the amnioserosa (AS).

105 ition of a molecular signature comparable to extraembryonic (ex) VE.

106 This tissue, although it has an extraembryonic fate, plays a role in axis determination

107 l mass (ICM) adopt either an embryonic or an extraembryonic fate.

108 Further, extraembryonic gata activity is required for this functi

109 These results suggest that an extraembryonic genetic program, which has evolved to sup

110 An EMBO workshop entitled 'Embryonic-Extraembryonic Interfaces' took place in Gottingen, Germ

111 rise and are shaped into the body plan while extraembryonic layers sustain the embryo.

112 Defects in the extraembryonic lineage are probably the major cause of t

113 intenance of imprinted X inactivation in the extraembryonic lineage can tolerate extensive demethylat

114 with an increased propensity of ES cells for extraembryonic lineage differentiation.

115 fically targeted to and negatively regulates extraembryonic lineage gene expression in embryonic stem

116 w aberrant H2A.X deposition, upregulation of extraembryonic lineage genes, and a predisposition to ex

117 ts roles during trophoblast development, the extraembryonic lineage that gives rise to the placenta.

118 lls of the preimplantation embryo and in the extraembryonic lineage, and random, which occurs in soma

119 ell factor that determines commitment to the extraembryonic lineage, directly binds Xist and activate

120 n the visceral endoderm, a derivative of the extraembryonic lineage, was unaffected in Dnmt1 mutant e

121 redisposition for differentiation along this extraembryonic lineage.

122 velopment of the primitive endoderm (PE), an extraembryonic lineage.

123 tent stem cells, yielding both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages and strongly inducing MuERV-L (M

124 fferential methylation between embryonic and extraembryonic lineages at promoters of lineage regulato

125 or (FGF) drives naive pluripotent cells into extraembryonic lineages before implantation but sustains

126 control proliferation or differentiation of extraembryonic lineages but rather regulates the morphog

127 In blastocysts, embryonic and extraembryonic lineages first show different epigenetic

128 Adding the stem cells for the extraembryonic lineages generates three-dimensional mode

129 entiation in the absence of BMP4 but specify extraembryonic lineages in the presence of BMP4.

130 chimeric contribution to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo and permits generating s

131 printed X inactivation occurs exclusively in extraembryonic lineages of mouse embryos, whereas cells

132 Both the embryonic and extraembryonic lineages of the early mouse embryo have s

133 hese results demonstrate that Rb function in extraembryonic lineages plays an important role in the s

134 yonic day 12.5 (E12.5) due to the failure of extraembryonic lineages to develop and replicate DNA pro

135 while Fgfr2 expression becomes restricted to extraembryonic lineages, including the PrE.

136 ase of the cell cycle and differentiation to extraembryonic lineages.

137 c finger protein, and causes a unique set of extraembryonic malformations, including ruffling of the

138 ed prior to gastrulation displaying impaired extraembryonic membrane formation and endoderm different

139 thologues, it is not detectable in the inner extraembryonic membrane, the amnion.

140 Ultimately, the extraembryonic membranes fail to rupture in zen(RNAi) eg

141 katatrepsis, essential reorganization by the extraembryonic membranes that repositions the embryo.

142 the uterine lumen for conceptus (embryo and extraembryonic membranes) development have not been eluc

143 ation conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes).

144 he developing conceptus (inner cell mass and extraembryonic membranes).

145 ain the ancestral complement of two distinct extraembryonic membranes, amnion and serosa.

146 wall closure, and encasement of the fetus in extraembryonic membranes.

147 demonstrated critical role of huntingtin in extraembryonic membranes.

148 ther tissues of mesodermal origin, including extraembryonic membranes.

149 lk sac is phylogenetically the oldest of the extraembryonic membranes.

150 c ectoderm (ExE) and in the epiblast-derived extraembryonic mesoderm (ExM), in which the PGCs, allant

151 Depleting Zfp568 affects the ability of extraembryonic mesoderm cells to migrate.

152 support previously undescribed roles of the extraembryonic mesoderm in yolk sac morphogenesis and in

153 These results show that BMP4 produced in the extraembryonic mesoderm is directly influencing the SMAD

154 ruffling of the yolk sac membrane, defective extraembryonic mesoderm morphogenesis and vasculogenesis

155 y non-cardiogenic posterior mesoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm of the amnion.

156 It is first expressed in the extraembryonic mesoderm of the yolk sac within the morph

157 Moreover, primate embryos form extraembryonic mesoderm prior to gastrulation, in contra

158 on of the primary yolk sac and the origin of extraembryonic mesoderm remain unclear.

159 rimary yolk sac serves as a source for early extraembryonic mesoderm, which is supplemented with meso

160 in embryonic-derived lineages, including the extraembryonic mesoderm.

161 at the co-disruption of extraembryonic Ndr2, extraembryonic Ndr1 and maternal Ndr1 eliminates endoder

162 We further show that the co-disruption of extraembryonic Ndr2, extraembryonic Ndr1 and maternal Nd

163 , apoptosis, and impaired differentiation in extraembryonic, neural, and erythroid lineages, culminat

164 of the Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE), an extraembryonic organizer that controls the position of t

165 e Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE), an early extraembryonic organizer tissue.

166 lastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm.

167 Gpbox is expressed in the extraembryonic placenta and within the germ cells of the

168 l hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the extraembryonic placenta, in addition to previously ident

169 wever, PSCs show limited contribution to the extraembryonic placental tissues in vivo.

170 s embryonic stem cells in vitro, whereas the extraembryonic pool contributes to the placenta and gene

171 Here we analyze the role of extraembryonic Rb in regulating proliferation, apoptosis

172 the trophectoderm, a subset of cells in the extraembryonic region of the postimplantation embryo and

173 of the embryo to a position adjacent to the extraembryonic region.

174 the columnar visceral endoderm cells in the extraembryonic region.

175 no mass displacement of visceral endoderm to extraembryonic regions concomitant with the emergence of

176 tionship between the posterior embryonic and extraembryonic regions of the mammalian gastrula is poor

177 embryonic development, despite the absolute extraembryonic requirement for Dp1, which is highly remi

178 is of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, extraembryonic-restricted trophoblast stem (TS) cells, a

179 al-to-squamous cell shape transitions in the extraembryonic serosa.

180 ng the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), the extraembryonic signaling center that initiates anterior

181 signaling components that promote embryonic-extraembryonic signaling cross-talk, which is essential

182 xpectedly finding that it is inactive in the extraembryonic structures at postimplantation stages.

183 ying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish

184 the specification and/or differentiation of extraembryonic structures that include the yolk sac, pla

185 hoectoderm (a shell of cells that later form extraembryonic structures).

186 embryo, for the establishment of functional extraembryonic structures, and for the execution of full

187 decisions, regulation of the development of extraembryonic structures, embryonic patterning, and man

188 are also severe defects in mesoderm-derived extraembryonic structures, including the allantois, bloo

189 nal organs) was only thought to give rise to extraembryonic structures.

190 gg first devotes itself to the production of extraembryonic structures.

191 eas the basal daughter cell forms the mostly extraembryonic suspensor.

192 neages: one embryonic, the epiblast, and two extraembryonic, the trophoblast and primitive endoderm.

193 a subset of highly coexpressed genes between extraembryonic tissue (n = 229) and caruncular areas of

194 Here we show that during extraembryonic tissue (serosa) epiboly in the insect Tri

195 The trophectoderm is the first extraembryonic tissue and does not contribute to the emb

196 analysis of transcriptome profiles of paired extraembryonic tissue and endometria obtained from cattl

197 ative association between genes expressed in extraembryonic tissue and endometrium emphasize a coordi

198 tology analyses of genes coexpressed between extraembryonic tissue and endometrium revealed significa

199 alian pregnancy relies on the ability of the extraembryonic tissue and the endometrium to develop a f

200 espectively, we show that after zen RNAi all extraembryonic tissue becomes indistinguishable from amn

201 show that reconstitution of TM expression in extraembryonic tissue by aggregation of tetraploid wild-

202 re (DC), a morphogenetic process in which an extraembryonic tissue called the amnioserosa contracts a

203 ate the signaling between the uterus and the extraembryonic tissue for the proper formation of the pl

204 g that the defect observed in the developing extraembryonic tissue is caused by a very specific loss

205 ed the expression and function of zen in the extraembryonic tissue of lower Cyclorrhapha.

206 on differences between species with distinct extraembryonic tissue organizations and the conserved re

207 anog-like in regulating the formation of the extraembryonic tissue required for endoderm induction.

208 Of-zen is not expressed in the extraembryonic tissue until relatively late, suggesting

209 The mouse anterior visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue, expresses several genes essential

210 ing early development, SR-BI is expressed in extraembryonic tissue, specifically in trophoblast giant

211 he loss of postgastrular zen expression from extraembryonic tissue, that the early broad expression d

212 re remarkably similar to those induced by an extraembryonic tissue, the hypoblast, and are normally e

213 Developmentally, Rsk4 is expressed in extraembryonic tissue, where RTK signals are known to ha

214 hers develop into the primitive endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue.

215 ment; however, severe G6PD deficiency in the extraembryonic tissues (consequent on selective inactiva

216 The GFP cells in the extraembryonic tissues and fetuses of tetraploid ESC chi

217 dometrium is dependent on gene expression of extraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in extraembry

218 anscript abundance of genes expressed in the extraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in the endome

219 riod determined by gene expression levels in extraembryonic tissues and the endometrial response to a

220 n, when it becomes specifically expressed in extraembryonic tissues and the germline.

221 Extraembryonic tissues appeared relatively normal at E6.

222 xtraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in extraembryonic tissues are dependent of genes expressed

223 triguing parallel with the role of mammalian extraembryonic tissues as a critical source of steroid h

224 d developmental arrest of both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues at early postimplantation (approx

225 After implantation, imprinted silencing in extraembryonic tissues becomes globalized and more compl

226 In vertebrates, extraembryonic tissues can act as signaling centers that

227 urther examination of Rsk4 expression in the extraembryonic tissues demonstrates that its expression

228 ouse embryos, suggesting a signaling role in extraembryonic tissues during development.

229 ctive interactions between the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues establish the anterior-posterior

230 extrinsic biases by maternal factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis.

231 Recent work shows that BMP4 produced in extraembryonic tissues initiates gastrulation.

232 tissues: expression of TM in non-endothelial extraembryonic tissues is required for proper function o

233 rocesses that control morphogenesis of these extraembryonic tissues is still limited.

234 suggest that the evolutionary innovation of extraembryonic tissues may have required co-option of DN

235 of an X chromosome-linked eGFP transgene in extraembryonic tissues occurred correctly in 4n embryos.

236 Smad2-dependent signals arising in the extraembryonic tissues of early mouse embryos serve to r

237 In marsupials and in extraembryonic tissues of placental mammals, X inactivat

238 tivation of the paternal X chromosome in the extraembryonic tissues of the mouse, suggesting that DUS

239 expressed in cartilage, hair follicles, and extraembryonic tissues of the placenta.

240 es that are imprinted in both the embryo and extraembryonic tissues show extensive conservation betwe

241 developing into a whole organism, including extraembryonic tissues such as placenta.

242 eir developmental potential in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues through miRNAs.

243 intricate interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues to orchestrate and coordinate mor

244 narily older imprinting mechanism limited to extraembryonic tissues was based on histone modification

245 (2CLCs) can contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues when reintroduced into early embr

246 y revealed distinct coexpression patterns of extraembryonic tissues with caruncular and intercaruncul

247 oss of epiblast cells, expansion of proximal extraembryonic tissues, and a distal, mislocalized anter

248 ed prior to germ layer induction and lacking extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and

249 bryogenesis and was particularly abundant in extraembryonic tissues, including trophoblast giant cell

250 te and generally lack organized mesoderm and extraembryonic tissues, resulting in smaller embryos com

251 however, shows that Arkadia functions within extraembryonic tissues, revealing that these are require

252 Without maternal or extraembryonic tissues, the PASE self-organizes into an

253 BMP signaling specifies two extraembryonic tissues, the serosa and amnion, in basal-

254 ormally found in preimplantation embryos and extraembryonic tissues, was not observed in blastocysts

255 mass, which lacks the ability to produce all extraembryonic tissues.

256 ability to contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

257 rentiate into any cell type of a body except extraembryonic tissues.

258 ls exhibit an unusual propensity to generate extraembryonic tissues.

259 egulates the morphogenetic events that shape extraembryonic tissues.

260 factors required to promote morphogenesis of extraembryonic tissues.

261 a novel role of ZFP568 in the development of extraembryonic tissues.

262 embryos with reduced Nodal signals from the extraembryonic tissues.

263 notypes in both embryos and their associated extraembryonic tissues.

264 kely enabling the accelerated development of extraembryonic tissues.

265 dequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

266 al for the development of both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

267 sociated with poorly developed embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

268 sed at E10.5 in the embryo as well as in the extraembryonic tissues.

269 ed for the proper development of cardiac and extraembryonic tissues.

270 art induction in Xenopus embryos, which lack extraembryonic tissues.

271 re capable of chimerizing both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

272 inted DMRs during development in somatic and extraembryonic tissues.

273 e epigenetic perturbations in the embryo and extraembryonic tissues.

274 giving rise to a complete embryo as well as extraembryonic tissues.

275 ulation during mammalian development are the extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endo

276 ells contribute to embryonic tissues but not extraembryonic trophectoderm.

277 wild-type tetraploid cells contribute to the extraembryonic trophoblast and primitive endoderm lineag

278 of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), whereas extraembryonic trophoblast cells in the placenta undergo

279 nal allele is crucial for the development of extraembryonic trophoblast cells.

280 bryos, GATA3 is selectively expressed in the extraembryonic trophoblast lineage and regulates gene ex

281 re mice, we show that E2F7/E2F8 functions in extraembryonic trophoblast lineages are both necessary a

282 mbined mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extraembryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) in a three-

283 ic Ras activation can divert ES cells toward extraembryonic trophoblastic fates and implicate Ras-MAP

284 s into a complete hydatidiform mole in which extraembryonic trophoblastic tissue develops but the emb

285 os family member Fra-1, which is involved in extraembryonic vascular development, was reduced in yolk

286 needed in vivo for TGFbeta1 signaling during extraembryonic vascular development.

287 However, both embryonic and extraembryonic vasculature of mutant animals were disorg

288 nifesting prominent defects in the heart and extraembryonic vasculature.

289 er embryonic niches (placenta, yolk sac, and extraembryonic vessels), attempts to detect their HSC in

290 zing the spectra of blood circulating in the extraembryonic vessels.

291 yo cultures leads to a switch from AVE to an extraembryonic visceral endoderm cell identity, and seco

292 n, whereas transient nodal expression in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm is essential for patter

293 ansmembrane protein that is expressed in the extraembryonic visceral layer during gastrulation.

294 Additionally, vascular remodeling of the extraembryonic yolk sac is abnormal in Brg1(fl/fl):Tie2-

295 Hematopoiesis initiates in the extraembryonic yolk sac.

296 mH2A1 is expressed mostly in the extraembryonic Yolk Syncytial Layer (YSL) starting befor

297 hat nanog-like morphants fail to develop the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL), which produce

298 ater, znr2 is also expressed dorsally in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL).

299 Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryo

300 conclude that MGA, Max, and Smad4 act in the extraembryonic YSL to initiate a positive feedback loop