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1 ct retina, almost nothing is known about the extraretinal blue light photoreceptor of insects.
2 t circadian rhythms can occur through either extraretinal (brain) or retinal photoreceptors, which me
3 g us to propose a pathway involving multiple extraretinal cell types and proteins essential for the f
4 widely expressed in a variety of retinal and extraretinal cell types, along with other photosensitive
5 nge the belief that mammals are incapable of extraretinal circadian phototransduction and have implic
6 q) to classify and characterize cells in six extraretinal components of the posterior segment: ON, op
7 s for pursuit eye movements, suggesting that extraretinal cues, such as predictive efference-copy mec
8 scaling is not based on visual inputs but on extraretinal cues.
9 on-mammalian vertebrates, light acts through extraretinal, 'deep brain' photoreceptors, and the eyes
10 s in two ways: via retinal mechanisms or via extraretinal efference-copy signals, which predict the s
11 lts are consistent with an alteration in the extraretinal eye position information (efference copy, e
12 rs, are consistent with an alteration in the extraretinal eye position information that is used in sp
13             The larval eye becomes the adult extraretinal 'eyelet' composed of four green-sensitive (
14  advancing edge and at the initial ridge and extraretinal fibrovascular proliferative complex (12/14
15 uted representation of target location in an extraretinal frame of reference.
16                 RH6 is also expressed in the extraretinal Hofbauer-Buchner eyelet, whereas RH2 is onl
17           This process presumably depends on extraretinal information about eye position, but it is s
18 cancellation' of the retinal image motion by extraretinal information about the eye movement [1,2]; t
19 poral stimulus on the retina, rather than on extraretinal information, to discard the motion signals
20 ion in human visual cortex that incorporates extraretinal information.
21 evious studies suggested the existence of an extraretinal input (ERI) into the visual cortex that can
22 th eye movement signals provide the critical extraretinal input to MT neurons for computing depth-sig
23 , allowing at least two potential sources of extraretinal input.
24 ual cortex (V1) is modulated by a variety of extraretinal inputs, including extrinsic connections for
25  their retinal inputs, indicating a role for extraretinal mechanisms.
26 etina and accurately combine high-resolution extraretinal monitoring of gaze displacement with retina
27 fits during pursuit may be due to the use of extraretinal motion information estimated from an effere
28 its in the ability to hold online and/or use extraretinal motion information underlie the pursuit abn
29 cantly poorer predictive pursuit response to extraretinal motion signals (F(2,136)=6.51, P<.005), com
30 eye velocity in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals and the target velocity, was
31 pursuit gain in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals is likely due to compensatio
32 pursuit gain in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals was not different between gr
33  smooth pursuit (ie, in the presence of only extraretinal motion signals) were obtained.
34 deficits in predictive pursuit based on only extraretinal motion signals.
35 larization was assessed by quantification of extraretinal neovascular nuclei in retinal sections.
36                        Quantification of the extraretinal neovascular nuclei showed that only animals
37 low-lying configuration compared to elevated extraretinal neovascular plaques; Regressed neovasculari
38 er than 0.57 in 6 eyes of 3 patients who had extraretinal neovascularization and/or peripheral avascu
39                                              Extraretinal neovascularization is a hallmark of treatme
40  and thinner avascular fovea and presence of extraretinal neovascularization overlying elevated vesse
41 ceptor subtypes are expressed in retinal and extraretinal ocular tissues of the chick eye.
42 t long opsin A (VALopA), a G(i)-coupled GPCR extraretinal opsin, targets to cilia of zebrafish spinal
43                       We find that a related extraretinal opsin, VALopB, is also G(i)-coupled, but is
44        Translucent zebrafish embryos express extraretinal opsins early on, at a time when spontaneous
45                       Though the presence of extraretinal opsins is well documented, the function of
46 cytes, astrocytes, and microglia, which have extraretinal origins.
47                            Multiple sites of extraretinal photoreception are present in vertebrates,
48 lthough both the site and molecular basis of extraretinal photoreception have remained obscure.
49 ply that phototransduction in these sites of extraretinal photoreception must be mediated by novel op
50 sults specifically do not support a role for extraretinal photoreception with respect to direct circa
51                           As expected for an extraretinal photoreceptor mediating circadian entrainme
52                                  In mammals, extraretinal photoreceptors have been lost, and the noct
53 photoreceptors and with certain invertebrate extraretinal photoreceptors, but they are morphologicall
54 t in vertebrates, but the molecular basis of extraretinal phototransduction is poorly understood.
55                                              Extraretinal regulation of pineal function has been repo
56 enced by spatial information derived from an extraretinal signal involved in eye movement preparation
57            While it is well established that extraretinal signals (e.g., efference copies of motor co
58 s in the ability to use internally generated extraretinal signals for closed-loop pursuit implicate f
59                     This result implies that extraretinal signals for pursuit eye movements also cont
60 l cues related both to translation speed and extraretinal signals from pursuit eye movements are used
61              Using this method, we find that extraretinal signals have little influence on activity i
62 STd as a key node for integrating visual and extraretinal signals into a more generalized representat
63 ther precisely from motion parallax and that extraretinal signals may be used to correctly perceive t
64 e vestibular labyrinths, suggesting that the extraretinal signals needed for updating can arise from
65 nstrate a significant but small influence of extraretinal signals on the preferred heading directions
66  Psychophysical investigations indicate that extraretinal signals play an important role in suppressi
67 cates the necessity of combining retinal and extraretinal signals received by MSTd neurones for the a
68 als, and that they integrate both visual and extraretinal signals regarding eye rotation in a congrue
69 visual cues and how they are integrated with extraretinal signals regarding eye rotation.
70 ation that was previously thought to require extraretinal signals regarding eye velocity.
71                                      Without extraretinal signals related to observer movement, howev
72 ccades) seem to be corrected on the basis of extraretinal signals such as the motor commands sent to
73 he perception of smear may be reduced by the extraretinal signals that accompany their eye movements.
74 d that MT neurons combine visual motion with extraretinal signals to code depth-sign from motion para
75 tation has been thought to arise mainly from extraretinal signals, such as efference copies of motor
76     Conventionally, it has been assumed that extraretinal signals, such as efference copy of smooth p
77 e effects on neuronal heading preferences of extraretinal signals, which remain active while the reti
78 istically optimal combination of retinal and extraretinal signals.
79 gh-speed retinal motion from saccade-related extraretinal signals.
80 VIP is multimodal, driven by both visual and extraretinal signals.
81 n both visual cues (dynamic perspective) and extraretinal signals.
82 irection of eye rotation based on visual and extraretinal signals.
83               We find that Hh signaling from extraretinal sources is required for the initiation of r
84 retinal basal lamina proteins originate from extraretinal tissues infers that the basal lamina protei
85                           The synthesis from extraretinal tissues infers that the retinal basal lamin
86                         Pretreatment reduced extraretinal vascularization, when assessed by quantific