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1 y of T cell maturation previously defined as extrathymic.
2 onfirmed pseudoexon inclusion in independent extrathymic AIRE-expressing cell lines.
3                                    Recently, extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) have been desc
4 rs have identified additional populations of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) in the seconda
5                   The origin and function of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) is incompletel
6 f expression, with only mTECs and peripheral extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) known to expre
7         Here we report the identification of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) resident withi
8 ving biology of the identity and function of extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs), and a novel e
9 s including Janus cells/RORgammat-expressing extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs), subtypes of T
10 id cells (ILC3s), dendritic cells (DCs), and extrathymic AIRE-expressing cells (eTACs).
11                These ILC3s are distinct from extrathymic AIRE-expressing cells, abundantly express ma
12                                As a model of extrathymic alloantigen expression, pancreatic islet all
13 ased the number of gammadelta and thymic and extrathymic alphabeta T cells in gastrointestinal mucosa
14           S1P(1) inhibited the generation of extrathymic and natural T(reg) cells while driving T(H)1
15 asis by a variety of immunologic (thymic and extrathymic) and nonimmunologic mechanisms in this model
16                                      Whether extrathymic antigenic events, such as the microbial colo
17 de subsets of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, extrathymic autoimmune regulator-expressing cells and, p
18 served non-coding sequence 1), essential for extrathymic but dispensable for thymic Treg-cell differe
19  protein Aire and that resembles a mosaic of extrathymic cells including mucosal tuft cells.
20 ly partially overcome by the addition of the extrathymic chemoattractant S1P and was not associated w
21 the timing of development of intrathymic and extrathymic chimerism, and for clonal deletion of host-t
22 the factors controlling both intrathymic and extrathymic clonal deletion or inactivation of T cells,
23                  These efforts indicate that extrathymic dendritic cells control autoimmunity by indu
24 rment resulted in a proportional increase in extrathymic-derived T cell progenitors.
25                                              Extrathymic development in athymic recipients generated
26                                              Extrathymic development of intestinal intraepithelial ly
27                       This demonstrated that extrathymic development of TCR gamma delta IEL required
28 expression by enterocytes was sufficient for extrathymic development of TCR-gammadelta cells in situ
29 patches (CP) are the major anatomic site for extrathymic differentiation by precursors destined to be
30 se some CD8alphaalpha+ IEL can arise through extrathymic differentiation in CP, we investigated CCR6
31 ession by T lymphocyte precursors undergoing extrathymic differentiation in intestinal CP.
32  receptor (TCR) ligation is required for the extrathymic differentiation of forkhead box p3(+) (Foxp3
33 however, little is known about its effect on extrathymic differentiation of peripheral Tregs.
34 f systemic and tissue-specific autoimmunity, extrathymic differentiation of T(reg) cells affects comm
35 ing evolution, a CNS1-dependent mechanism of extrathymic differentiation of Treg cells emerged in pla
36 ision of butyrate was due to potentiation of extrathymic differentiation of Treg cells, as the observ
37 llowed to escape negative selection, undergo extrathymic differentiation, and find sanctuary in the i
38 a CNS1-dependent manner, suggesting enhanced extrathymic differentiation.
39 induce recipient tolerance toward subsequent extrathymic donor strain islet allografts.
40 o new, transcriptionally distinct subsets of extrathymic DPs that may play a role in aortic vascular
41 nstitute extrathymic DPs, and frequencies of extrathymic DPs were unaltered by pharmacologic inhibiti
42 hymus transplantation failed to reconstitute extrathymic DPs, and frequencies of extrathymic DPs were
43 cursors of dermal Vgamma4T cells may require extrathymic environment for imprinting skin-homing prope
44 tains differentiated T cells en route to the extrathymic environment.
45 tern of promiscuous gene expression in these extrathymic epithelia is consistent with developmental r
46 ession of genes characteristic of particular extrathymic epithelial cell lineages.
47 c epithelial cells express these TRAs, as do extrathymic epithelial tissues that are not usually cons
48                        We also document that extrathymic epithelial tissues that originate from phary
49 n of Vgamma2+/Vdelta7+ T cells are postnatal extrathymic events that do not require microbial antigen
50 lity complex (MHC)-restricted lymphocytes to extrathymic events that fine-tune the T cell receptor (T
51  counterparts, supporting the possibility of extrathymic expansion as well.
52                                          The extrathymic generation and proliferation of regulatory T
53               The molecular mechanism of the extrathymic generation of adaptive, or inducible, CD4(+)
54 isms during starch fermentation, facilitated extrathymic generation of Treg cells.
55 iesis provides a unique opportunity to study extrathymic human T lymphocyte development in an in vivo
56  cryptopatches, expressed transiently during extrathymic IEL development, and is required for homeost
57  gamma delta cells occurred, indicating that extrathymic IL-7 did not support TCR gamma delta IEL gen
58  development of TCR gamma delta IEL required extrathymic IL-7 production.
59                                              Extrathymic induction of regulatory T (T reg) cells is e
60                                Mechanisms of extrathymic induction require further scrutiny, especial
61 up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and promoting extrathymic iNKT cell ex-pansion and their homeostatic p
62                                 In addition, extrathymic inoculation of donor Ag in similarly immunos
63 betic rats, indicating that extrapancreatic, extrathymic insulin production occurs in more than one s
64  led to a selective and dramatic decrease in extrathymic intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs
65 d in the development of intrathymic, but not extrathymic, intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (i
66  T cells are indifferent to Ags expressed by extrathymic islet allografts when presented in the absen
67 scure, especially since it became known that extrathymic lineage-negative, Sca-1-positive, c-kit high
68 ears that in MRL/lpr mice there is defective extrathymic lymphoid apoptosis, permitting a relatively
69 and TCRalphabeta lymphocytes in a process of extrathymic lymphopoiesis within cryptopatches.
70 t in the thymus, but is not required for the extrathymic maturation of CD8 alpha alpha+ IEL.
71 iated by IL-7 and due to both the thymic and extrathymic mechanisms.
72 microbiota-specific CD4 T cells in a form of extrathymic negative selection.
73 entrally induced, nondeletional tolerance to extrathymic nonself Ags.
74 stinal sites, new insights into the possible extrathymic origin of mucosal T cells in the intestine,
75 f Vbeta5(-)CD4(+) T cells all point to their extrathymic origin.
76 arrow can generate functional T cells via an extrathymic pathway in athymic nu/nu mice.
77                          Here, we uncover an extrathymic pathway of immune development within the col
78  reconstitution predominantly by means of an extrathymic pathway.
79 thymic NK1.1+ cells mature in a thymic or an extrathymic pathway.
80 CD3(+) (NK-T) cells can also develop through extrathymic pathways, we have investigated the role of C
81      SMG had T cells with characteristics of extrathymic populations, expressing TCRgammadelta(+) (28
82 es were compared with other conventional and extrathymic populations.
83         The hCD25 reporter marked intra- and extrathymic precursors of lymphocytes but not myeloid ce
84            Clonogenic assays showed that the extrathymic precursors were common lymphoid progenitors
85 he intestinal epithelial environment and the extrathymic presence of the self-Ag.
86 itively determine whether TCR revision is an extrathymic process that occurs in mature peripheral T c
87 on of antigen-specific tolerance mediated by extrathymic regulatory T (Treg) cells remains incomplete
88  also antigen-specific tolerance mediated by extrathymic regulatory T (Treg) cells, yet it remains un
89 ctin-1 signaling pathway, indicating a novel extrathymic role for AIRE and a defect that likely contr
90                              The addition of extrathymic SDF-1 inhibited emigration of wild-type SP c
91 rous T cells that are specific for innocuous extrathymic self antigens.
92  gastrointestinal epithelium may be an early extrathymic site for the increased prevalence of both pr
93 tivity of the thymus, arguing in favor of an extrathymic site of gammadelta T cell production in huma
94 age-restricted progenitors were generated at extrathymic sites, both in the spleen and in peripheral
95 ic dendritic cells, and iNKT availability in extrathymic sites.
96  that immature salivary gland T cells had an extrathymic source.
97 ice, suggesting that expansion was driven by extrathymic stimuli.
98  These findings demonstrate the potential of extrathymic T cell development for T cell reconstitution
99 ally, many researchers remain skeptical that extrathymic T cell development has an important role in
100 e in mice that mesenteric LNs (MLNs) support extrathymic T cell development in euthymic and athymic r
101 he intestinal mucosa is suggested to support extrathymic T cell development, particularly for T cell
102 e human tonsil in a comprehensive program of extrathymic T cell development.
103 itive selection of gammadelta T cells and on extrathymic T cell development.
104 been viewed as evidence for the existence of extrathymic T cell generation.
105                                              Extrathymic T cell precursors can be detected in many ti
106 re the first strong evidence that thymic and extrathymic T cells participate in mucosal immunity to C
107 t, we assessed the ability of ICN1 to induce extrathymic T lineage commitment in BM progenitors from
108  marrow progenitors efficiently gave rise to extrathymic T lineage-committed cells, whereas common ly
109  the gut environment preferentially supports extrathymic T reg cell development.
110 lts treated for HD, an increased activity of extrathymic T-cell differentiation may partially compens
111 heral IL-7 was sufficient for development of extrathymic TCR gamma delta IEL.
112 ough TCR revision, RAG reexpression mediates extrathymic TCRbeta rearrangement and results in a popul
113 ese two model systems, we determined whether extrathymic tissue allografts could induce a development
114  maintenance of transplantation tolerance to extrathymic tissue allografts remains unclear.
115  to Ags expressed exclusively on peripheral (extrathymic) tissues is less clear.
116 T environment and indicate that Notch-driven extrathymic Tlineage commitment from multipotent progeni
117 ntigens can contribute to either peripheral (extrathymic) tolerance or the differentiation of autorea
118                      Therefore CD5 instructs extrathymic Treg cell development in response to self an
119 tigens in the thymus and periphery, governed extrathymic Treg cell development.
120  lineage-committed T cell precursors linking extrathymic with intrathymic lymphopoiesis in adult mice

 
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