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1 ifferent light colors: blue, green, red, and far-red.
2 els with excitation ranging from blue to the far-red.
6 sting of blue 455 nm, red 627 and 660 nm and far red 735 nm LEDs, was supplemented with UV-A 380 nm,
10 es act as photoswitches between the red- and far-red absorbing parent states of phytochromes (Pr and
11 orphogenesis are phytochrome B (phyB), a red/far-red absorbing photoreceptor, and cryptochrome 1 (CRY
13 mediates the formation of the FHY1/FHL/PHYA far-red-absorbing form complex, whereby it plays a role
16 a few eukaryotic phototrophs, JSC1_58120g3's far-red absorption arises from incorporation of the PCB
17 rtaken to determine the structural basis for far-red absorption by JSC1_58120g3, a frCBCR from the th
20 netic characteristics suggest this pair of a far-red and a near-infrared fluorescent protein as an op
22 Two fluorescent proteins that emit in the far-red and infrared range for imaging applications in c
24 cells, aptamer/ligand pairs that emit in the far-red and near-infrared (NIR) regions are still rare.
32 tive organic molecules to realize preferable far-red and NIR fluorescence, well-controlled morphology
34 g BBX32 display elongated hypocotyls in red, far-red, and blue light, along with reduced cotyledon ex
36 ease is triggered by wavelengths in the red, far-red, and near-IR regions, which can be pre-assigned
37 ction may mediate cross-talk between the red/far-red- and blue/UV-sensing pathways, enabling fine-tun
40 ctive Pr (lambdamax = 660 nm) forms in a red/far-red-dependent fashion and regulates, as molecular sw
41 imaging agent, the DML was labeled with the far-red dye sulfonate cyanine 5 (sCy5), site-specificall
42 thesis, these studies provide a new class of far-red dyes with promising spectroscopic and chemical p
43 A is regulated by the transport facilitators far red elongated hypocotyl 1 (FHY1) and fhy1-like, an i
44 Here, we present a phyA pathway in which FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 (FHY1), an essential partne
45 tor to nuclear import facilitators FHY1 (for FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1) and FHL (for FHY1-LIKE).
47 The transposase-related transcription factor FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) promotes seedling de
52 interaction of TOC1 with PHYTOCHROME B under far-red-enriched light suggests a connection between cir
53 l of plant immunity genes and confirmed that far-red enrichment indeed contrastingly affects resistan
55 ed PSmOrange has, to our knowledge, the most far-red excitation peak of all GFP-like fluorescent prot
56 ble near-infrared (NIR) molecular probe with far-red excitation, NIR emission, and high "turn-on" rat
57 ation, 548 nm; emission, 565 nm) but becomes far-red (excitation, 636 nm; emission, 662 nm) after irr
59 ectively, and complemented by intraoperative far-red fluorescence imaging using a clinical laparoscop
62 l-penetrating peptides, which contain Cy5 as far red fluorescent donor and Cy7 as near-infrared fluor
65 ansition from S to G2 phase and engineered a far-red fluorescent protein, mMaroon1, to visualize chro
66 roduce PAmKate, a monomeric photoactivatable far-red fluorescent protein, which facilitates simultane
68 rt comparative testing of available GFP-like far-red fluorescent proteins along with a modified prote
69 We demonstrate that the signals of various far-red fluorescent proteins can be spectrally unmixed b
71 ration of NeutrAvidin, labeled with either a far-red fluorophore or (111)In, there was a significant
72 roaches are discussed for conventional RFPs, far-red FPs, RFPs with a large Stokes shift, fluorescent
75 Phytochrome A (PHYA) is essential for the far-red (FR) high-irradiance responses (HIRs), which are
76 ed by a reduction in the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light and results in the stabilization of a
77 FHY3 direct target genes in darkness (D) and far-red (FR) light conditions, respectively, in the Arab
78 s indicated that a dysfunctional red (R) and far-red (FR) light receptor, phytochrome B (phyB), cause
86 tabilizes the bHLH protein LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR RED (HFR1), which can bind to and inhibit PIF4 funct
87 ATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) proteins; and the epistatic relationships
88 phytochrome A (PHYA) is responsible for the far-red high-irradiance response and for the perception
91 ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and its homolog FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1), two transposase-deriv
92 and metabolites, the increased abundance of FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1-like transcripts in nitrogen-
94 demonstrated to increase in abundance under far-red-induced shade avoidance conditions either decrea
95 able labeling of biological membranes in the far-red/infrared and exhibit the furthest red-shifted fl
96 ch dissipate after Pfr reverts back to Pr by far-red irradiation or by temperature-dependent nonphoto
98 ponse to the relative proportions of red and far red light was regulated by SIG5 through phytochrome
99 e reduction in the ratio of red light (R) to far-red light (FR) as a warning of competition with neig
101 ging plants have to adapt to a high ratio of far-red light (FR)/red light (R) light in the canopy bef
102 g responses to the ratio of red light (R) to far-red light (FR; an indicator of competition) by suppr
103 ococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203 grown under far-red light (FRL; >725 nm) contains both chlorophyll a
105 oreceptors perceive reduced ratios of red to far-red light (R:FR) and initiate stem elongation to ena
106 hotoreceptor that senses the ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR) to regulate the shade-avoidance res
108 exposure and to complete this process under far-red light (typical of dense vegetation canopies).
109 he Y263F change prevents a red light-induced far-red light absorbing phytochrome chromophore configur
110 transfer bands could be responsible for the far-red light absorption leading to PS I photochemistry
111 on mutants show an elongated hypocotyl under far-red light and are impaired in other far-red high-irr
113 hyposensitivity to continuous low-intensity far-red light and shows reduced very-low-fluence respons
114 and phyB2 tomato mutants and was reversed by far-red light applied immediately after the red or blue
119 ontaining photoreceptors that detect red and far-red light by photointerconversion between a dark-ada
120 s of cAMP and cGMP by up to sixfold, whereas far-red light can be used to down-regulate activity.
121 ying light intensities and ratios of red and far-red light caused by shading and neighbor proximity.
122 Finally we show that both shaded, low red/far-red light conditions and high temperature induce mor
123 gulation of photomorphogenesis under red and far-red light conditions involves both positively and ne
126 tal results confirmed that cells grown under far-red light form biofilms with a significantly increas
127 fted from white light D2O-seawater medium to far-red light H2O-seawater medium, the observed deuterat
128 ty, such that axillary buds growing in added far-red light have greatly increased receptor transcript
129 SCL21 transcript itself is down-regulated by far-red light in a phytochrome A- and PAT1-dependent man
131 ommunities because of the deep penetrance of far-red light into mammalian tissue and the small size o
132 Additionally, exposure to yellow but not far-red light leads to comparable increases in the expre
133 t changing R:FRs or lowering R:FRs by adding far-red light led to the appearance of small nuclear bod
136 is part of an extensive acclimation process, far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), which occurs in
138 obiliproteins and minor amounts of Chl d via far-red light photoacclimation in a range of cyanobacter
144 rs that interact physically with the red and far-red light photoreceptors, phytochromes, are called P
146 Excitation of the holoproteins by red or far-red light promotes the photoconversion to their far-
147 under a light program of alternating red and far-red light pulses and were named eid (for empfindlich
148 -limited and super-resolution imaging in the far-red light range, is optimally excited with common re
149 ribution of light quality, including the red/far-red light ratio (R/FR) that informs plants about pro
150 Plants interpret a decrease in the red to far-red light ratio (R:FR) as a sign of impending shadin
152 ow that both low blue light and a low-red to far-red light ratio are required to rapidly enhance phot
154 egetation-induced reduction in the red light:far-red light ratio provides a competition signal sensed
155 th light quality (as crowding and the red-to-far-red light ratio) and phosphate availability, such th
156 carpel development to spt mutants by low red/far-red light ratios, simulating vegetation shade, which
161 re dimeric proteins that function as red and far-red light sensors influencing nearly every phase of
162 on module in leaves strongly linking red and far-red light signaling to drought responses in a TOC1-d
164 nsive photoacclimative response to growth in far-red light that includes the synthesis of chlorophyll
165 rough reduction in the ratio between red and far-red light that triggers the shade avoidance syndrome
166 Land plant phytochromes perceive red and far-red light to control growth and development, using t
167 vely ablated tumors by the illumination with far-red light to the mice, presumably through the combin
168 bidopsis thaliana) mutants hypersensitive to far-red light were isolated under a light program of alt
169 Here we present clear evidence that even far-red light with wavelengths beyond 800 nm, clearly ou
170 of a unique CBCR called IflA (influenced by far-red light), demonstrating that a second CBCR called
171 liar shade or neighbor proximity (low red to far-red light), some plant species exhibit shade-avoidin
172 ng that blue, yellow, and red light, but not far-red light, are absorbed by the neutral radical state
176 nsed through a reduced ratio between red and far-red light, we show here through computational modeli
177 L3 (FHY3) promotes seedling de-etiolation in far-red light, which is perceived by phytochrome A (phyA
178 sing tissue penetrable and clinically useful far-red light, which kills the cancer cells through the
179 oximity as a decrease in the ratio of red to far-red light, which triggers a series of developmental
182 light promotes the photoconversion to their far-red light-absorbing Pfr state or the red light-absor
186 light-absorbing state and the photoactivated far-red light-absorbing state revealed a large scale reo
187 To overcome these problems, we prepared the far-red light-activatable prodrug of PTX by conjugating
191 oximity and shade (i.e. to the perception of far-red light-enriched light filtered through or reflect
193 eds display strong hyposensitive response to far-red light-mediated seed germination and light-regula
194 s of both phyB and PCH1 generate stable, yet far-red light-reversible PBs that persisted for days.
195 y because it enables plants to deetiolate in far-red light-rich environments typical of dense vegetat
196 multiple photoreceptors, among which the red/far-red light-sensing phytochromes have been extensively
197 photobleaching and constitutes the brightest far-red light-up aptamer system known to date owing to i
229 ficient and up to 40% quantum yield, whereas far-red operation region enables both in vitro and in vi
230 edly hypersensitive to red light, but not to far-red or blue light, and are compromised in multiple p
232 bility and brightness, variants excited with far-red or near-infrared light suffer from poor performa
235 e in leaf expansion under monochromatic red, far-red, or blue light, and interaction with phytochrome
240 less complex than those reported for the red/far-red photocycles of the related phytochrome photorece
241 cclimation appears to be controlled by a red/far-red photoreceptor, RfpA, as well as two response reg
244 CAB repositioning is mediated by the red/far-red photoreceptors phytochromes (PHYs) and is inhibi
245 Plant phytochromes are photoswitchable red/far-red photoreceptors that allow competition with neigh
251 wn to be controlled by phytochromes, the red/far-red photoreceptors; however, transcriptome analyses
252 cently discovered, chlorophyll-f-containing, far-red photosystem II (FR-PSII) supports far-red light
254 icipation and kinetics of spectrally shifted far-red pigments are directly observable and separated f
255 d; CRY1 interacts specifically with the dark/far-red (Pr) state of phyB, but not with the red light-a
256 ignaling involves perception of incident red/far-red (R/FR) light by phytochromes (PHYs) and modulati
259 phototropic response is enhanced by the red/far-red (R/FR)-sensing phytochromes (phy) with a predomi
260 toreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red/far-red ratio (R:FR), which is a signal of competition i
261 responses are mediated by changes in the red/far-red ratio of the light, which is perceived by phytoc
264 ile the most conspicuous response to low red/far-red ratios (R:FR) of shade light perceived by phytoc
265 y shade involve the perception of low red to far-red ratios (R:FRs) by phytochrome B (phyB), which le
266 weak charge transfer bands absorbing in the far-red region in the ensemble of excitonically coupled
268 rt a new, monovalent probe that emits in the far-red region of the visible spectrum with properties d
274 a, we show that the perception of low red to far-red shade by the cotyledons triggers hypocotyl cell
275 ve shown that hypocotyl growth in low red to far-red shade is largely dependent on the photoreceptor
276 ibit tunable photophysical properties in the far-red spectral region with moderate fluorescent quantu
277 uning" approach is generalizable, yielding a far-red targetable indicator to visualize Ca(2+) fluxes
279 ned to combine 1) dual-emission ratioing, 2) far red to infrared wavelengths for in vivo mammalian im
280 tegy to expand anti-Stokes shifting from the far-red to deep-blue region in metal-free triplet-triple
282 synthesized and tested the first dual-color, far-red to near-infrared (nIR) emitting analogue of beet
283 one fluorescent semiconducting polymer based far-red to near-infrared (NIR) Pdot nanoprobe for the ra
284 s the design and synthesis of a photostable, far-red to near-infrared (NIR) platform for optical volt
287 Studying Chlorobaculum tepidum cultures with far-red to near-infrared light-emitting diodes, we found
290 HOCl sensing, such as high brightness, ideal far-red to NIR optical window, excellent photostability,
291 ging applications, including emission in the far-red to NIR region, large Stokes' shifts, and high ph
292 BeRST 1 is the first member of a class of far-red to NIR voltage sensitive dyes that make use of a
293 ls or to electricity in semiconductors using far red-to-near infrared (NIR) light, which accounts for
294 ncement, which originates from (1) Enhancing far red-to-NIR (700~1200 nm) harvesting, up to 25%.
295 Mother Nature has evolved to smartly capture far red-to-NIR light via their intelligent systems due t
296 emonstrate the structural effects on obvious far red-to-NIR photocatalysis enhancement, which origina
297 f a new strategy, based on adopting nature's far red-to-NIR responsive architectures for an efficient
298 riety of fluorescent proteins, including new far-red variants, to produce a comprehensive guide to ch
300 ess emission maxima that range from green to far red wavelengths, and enable sensitive biomolecule de