ライフサイエンスコーパス: farmer

1 ost important crop in Africa for smallholder farmers.

2 poral scales that are not always relevant to farmers.

3 ood production and impose financial costs on farmers.

4 riation in the face of recent gene flow from farmers.

5 ement can be beneficial for both animals and farmers.

6 rm and substantial financial losses to dairy farmers.

7 us infection has been favored by traditional farmers.

8 n exposure to some pesticides and RA in male farmers.

9 allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers.

10 ible admixture, between hunter-gatherers and farmers.

11 dmixture events between hunter-gatherers and farmers.

12 economic losses and threaten livelihoods of farmers.

13 ies have found lower risks of lung cancer in farmers.

14 o European and Anatolian and Levantine early farmers.

15 ls of genetic admixture among European early farmers.

16 directional differences between foragers and farmers.

17 l and peripheral nerve conduction of Chinese farmers.

18 be focused remotely, a convenience to shrimp farmers.

19 persistence arose in a haplotype present in farmers.

20 ridging knowledge and action gaps for shrimp farmers.

21 reached levels later found in early European farmers.

22 the strong and consistent role of innovative farmers.

23 lation that was the source of Europe's first farmers.

24 ed in pottery vessels of Neolithic Old World farmers.

25 aptation, particularly for rural subsistence farmers.

26 umans and can pose severe economic losses to farmers.

27 on from catchments cultivated by smallholder farmers.

28 ; however, the approach is rarely adopted by farmers.

29 e livelihoods and production of small-holder farmers.

30 -62% of Sardinian ancestry is from its first farmers.

31 and from seven Anatolian and Levantine early farmers.

32 ral sustainability assessment tools aimed at farmers.

33 Given low profit margins of smallholder farmers (2 to 9%), the range of profit improvement is si

34 ns of prehistoric hunter-gatherers and early farmers (6000-300 B.P.; n = 176).

35 Housewives (953, 32.7%) and farmers (648, 22.2%) were the commonest occupations.

36 ith little or no genetic input from incoming farmers [7].

37 A total of 72 Thai families, consisting of a farmer, a spouse, and a child, participated in this stud

38 r is still attributable to warming; even the farmers' activities in these seasons mirror, to a lesser

39 These influences are distinct from the early farmer admixture that transformed the genetic landscape

40 uestration of C when a greater proportion of farmers adopt new agricultural practices.

41 ns and farmers' concerns were addressed, the farmers adopted recommended management practices, thereb

42 cultural scientists living in villages among farmers, advancing participatory innovation and technolo

43 articular food supply chains is necessary if farmers, agri-food industries and consumers are to share

44 ion technologies have been widely adopted by farmers, allowing both reduced water and energy use.

45 hunter-gatherer-related admixture into early farmers also increased over the course of two millennia.

46 We find that the spread of Neolithic farmer ancestry had a two-pronged wavefront, in agreemen

47 in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural va

48 ations totackle disease resistance and other farmer and consumer priorities for agricultural crops.

49 ethnic origin [Han and non-Han], occupation [farmer and non-farmer], annual household income [< yen10

50 We analyzed data from 1746 farmers and 1555 spouses (mean age, 63) from a case-cont

51 portant economic and welfare issue for sheep farmers and a valuable naturally occurring animal model

52 tract farming-a preharvest agreement between farmers and buyers-can facilitate smallholder market par

53 virus-associated yield losses in cassava for farmers and can additionally enable the exploitation of

54 provides broad benefits to the environment, farmers and consumers.

55 g in widespread albeit variable benefits for farmers and consumers.

56 er reproductive allocation conflicts between farmers and cultivars constrain crop yield, possibly exp

57 , genetic affinities between later Anatolian farmers and fourth to third millennium BC Chalcolithic s

58 s same threshold also predicts the mixing of farmers and hunter-gatherers as estimated from ancient D

59 tentially benefiting millions of subsistence farmers and livestock.

60 uld they continue, may increase costs for US farmers and may even destabilize crop production over ti

61 d 6.06% in produce products (P < 0.001) from farmers and organic retail markets, but none from conven

62 nefits of biological control that will allow farmers and others to internalize the benefits that ince

63 The portable leaf-clip Raman sensor offers farmers and plant scientists a new precision agriculture

64 ient divergence between the ancestors of the farmers and Pygmies, 90,000 or 150,000 yr ago.

65 lications in quality control for small-scale farmers and small and medium enterprises.

66 r rapid point-of-care diagnostics for citrus farmers and small nurseries in low resource settings.

67 o the environment poses a grand challenge to farmers and society, and necessitates achieving improved

68 ivestock monitoring is anticipated to assist farmers and the agricultural industry to improve animal

69 enetic dissimilarity between early Anatolian farmers and the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh supports a mod

70 sues, predominantly amongst poor subsistence farmers and their families.

71 Farmers and their wives provided information on insectic

72 een Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the

73 pigs, and the potential impact of improving farmers and traders' clinical diagnosis ability-its time

74 g genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe.

75 rin was the main insecticide (97.5%) used by farmers, and Anopheles coluzzii was the main mosquito id

76 e attainable level to 97.0% among 71 leading farmers, and from 62.8% to 79.6% countywide (93,074 hous

77 Corn is an essential crop for farmers, and is grown on more than 150 million hectares

78 of a similar length to those from Neolithic farmers, and shorter than those of Caucasus and Western

79 and 13 low-As plots managed by 16 different farmers, and we explore the implications for mitigation.

80 descended primarily from Anatolian Neolithic farmers (ANFs).

81 Han and non-Han], occupation [farmer and non-farmer], annual household income [< yen10 000, yen10 000

82 y associated with adherence, whereas being a farmer (AOR = 0.07, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.75, p < 0.028), havi

83 rtion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers approximately 10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Pal

84 r of darkness and during the dry season when farmers are absent.

85 it from fallow landscapes, and that mountain farmers are at a growing economic risk worldwide due to

86 Given that smallholder farmers are frequently food insecure and rely significan

87 Farmers are members of residence groups at the local sca

88 Shrimp farmers are often cornered in a challenging game of know

89 ibetan originating with north Chinese millet farmers around 7200 B.P. and suggest a link to the late

90 that NE cats followed the migration of early farmers as synanthropes.

91 tion between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and farmers as well as differences between transitional and

92 Successful farmers become part of a learning culture through semina

93 The social networks shrimp farmers belong to are crucial for sifting out misinforma

94 evelop new plant varieties with consumer and farmer benefits.

95 ns may not only affect respiratory health of farmers but also of neighboring residents.

96 ly Aegean ancestry for continental Neolithic farmers, but also variable admixture with local Mesolith

97 his crop alone, and bats may further benefit farmers by indirectly suppressing pest-associated fungal

98 increased yield beyond that of high-yielding farmers by up to 7% in small plots (8 site-years) and 15

99 sting fertilizer type and application rates, farmers can achieve desired crop yields with lower produ

100 Alternatively, farmers can change the location where crops are cultivat

101 Farmers can suffer a reproductive cost but also gain ben

102 ses recognized by consumers along with three farmers' checks at nine on-farm locations in Uganda for

103 ating BAFF levels were maximal at birth, and farmers' children had higher BAFF levels than nonfarmers

104 provide clear targets to reduce exposure of farmers' children.

105 em in game theory; that is to say, if enough farmers choose to grow Bt maize then because the pest is

106 Farmers chose whether to grow Bt-maize, which is toxic t

107 Farmers collaborated as citizen scientists, each ranking

108 uce prevalence, but those most acceptable to farmers combine specific information about lactation per

109 us similar economic benefits for smallholder farmers compared with growing Bt G. hirsutum.

110 ter economic benefits for Indian smallholder farmers compared with growing the Asiatic cotton Gossypi

111 tions that have diluted this early Neolithic farmer component, explaining why modern-day Sardinian po

112 When these limitations and farmers' concerns were addressed, the farmers adopted re

113 ximizing long-term cultivar performance: ant farmers could neither increase carbohydrate provisioning

114 Efficient farming requires that the farmer deciphers and actively promotes conditions that i

115 erraces are also created by feedback between farmers' decisions and the ecology of the paddies, which

116 Phenology determined by farmers' decisions differed noticeably from the purely c

117 propose an evolutionary game, based on local farmers' decisions that predicts specific power laws in

118 al pathogenesis is therefore of value to the farmer, diagnostician, phytobacteriologist, and taxonomi

119 responded to the 2005-2010 interview; 7% of farmers died prior to the interview.

120 or and undernourished people are smallholder farmers, diversifying production on these smallholder fa

121 decision tools because the current basis for farmers' dose decisions is unclear.

122 eed to be considered by sorghum breeders and farmers during sorghum production to produce grain with

123 ould thus have originated among Near Eastern farmers during the African Humid Period.

124 Assuming 30% of the population were farmers, each transmission route contributed to 45% and

125 ects a large-scale spread of western Iranian farmers east.

126 ade has demonstrated that European Neolithic farmers (ENFs) were descended primarily from Anatolian N

127 It is not understood if, or how, nonhuman farmers evaluate local conditions to increase payoffs.

128 riculture may lead to downstream exposure of farmers' families to pesticide residues inadvertently ta

129 for large demonstration areas compared with farmers' fertilizer practices (FFP), respectively.

130 ecline in the response diversity of wheat in farmers' fields in most European countries after 2002-20

131 ently, 30% of the identified accessions from farmers' fields were matched to specific released variet

132 native method to track released varieties in farmers' fields, using cassava, a clonally propagated ro

133 ns, first with a migration wave of Anatolian farmers followed by varying degrees of admixture with au

134 ndangered genetic resources that are kept by farmers for different purposes.

135 uth America, exploited commercially by local farmers for the pulp extracted from its fruits.

136 ahead which enables national governments and farmers forecast crop yield to ensure supplies of afford

137 Farmers from 164 flocks submitted eight interdigital swa

138 ctices study was conducted with 75 vegetable farmers from Houeyiho and Seme to determine the main agr

139 arts of Europe by migrations, first of early farmers from the Near East and then Bronze Age herders f

140 We document how the spread of farmers from western Africa involved complete replacemen

141 ing irrigation spend significantly more than farmers growing Bt G. hirsutum without irrigation.

142 ercially released in 2002 and by 2014 95% of farmers had adopted Bt G. hirsutum(1).

143 millions of years, suggesting that nonhuman farmers have evolved the means to evaluate and balance c

144 Farmers have started conducting soil inversions of their

145 the alterations in pesticide use may benefit farmer health in China and globe, which has positive imp

146 ives from a lineage leading to early Iranian farmers, herders, and hunter-gatherers before their ance

147 We assessed farmers' homophily, propensity to exchange seeds with me

148 These results for farmers implicate several pesticides that are commonly u

149 s, which are often dominated by small-holder farmers, implies that they may be in response to reduced

150 he Agricultural Health Study enrolled 52,394 farmers in 1993-1997 and collected additional informatio

151 d evaluated yield potential by surveying 735 farmers in 2008-2012 and then conducting 6 rice field ex

152 Therefore, farmers in a region are often influenced by similar circ

153 mated to have separated from Early Neolithic farmers in Anatolia some 46,000 to 77,000 years ago and

154 e] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Afr

155 essential to the food security of many small farmers in Asia and Africa and is a model system for oth

156 variables: an anthropological survey of rice farmers in Bali and a cohort study on health inequality

157 birds was an important adaptation for early farmers in China's arid north, and that management pract

158 g provides livelihoods for around 15 million farmers in Ethiopia and generates a quarter of the count

159 s were immigrants from Sweden and settled as farmers in Iowa and Illinois.

160 ition (particularly stunting) in subsistence farmers in low- and middle-income countries.

161 y industry, but particularly for smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries.

162 fferences between transitional and intensive farmers in mandibular variation which is consistent with

163 is a significant economic problem for sheep farmers in many countries and is a valuable animal model

164 Farmers in many countries often apply reduced doses, alt

165 Contract farmers in most countries exhibit increased demand for h

166 ed predation risk to young calves for cattle farmers in Namibia.

167 ultural Health Study, a prospective study of farmers in North Carolina and Iowa, we evaluated the ass

168 d from the same ancestral gene pool as early farmers in other parts of Europe, suggesting that migrat

169 Smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) currently grow rainf

170 he etiological agent of plague, in Neolithic farmers in Sweden, pre-dating and basal to all modern an

171 Our interviews with 49 farmers in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, which pro

172 plex interactions among hunter-gatherers and farmers in the Danube basin, demonstrating that in some

173 he relationship between hunter-gatherers and farmers in the Lower Danube basin, a geographically inte

174 In pursuit of maximum grain yield farmers in the North China Plain usually apply excessive

175 e made during the domestication of barley by farmers in the southern and northern regions of the Leva

176 The removal of this pest saved farmers in the United States $192 million from 2014 to 2

177 orms in direct proportion to the fraction of farmers in the worm population.

178 tan and all Sudan wheat-growing regions) and farmers in these regions will be hit hardest by increasi

179 Common bean variety choice by farmers in Uganda is driven by seed yield plus end-use q

180 idence among wives of pesticide applicators (farmers) in the prospective Agricultural Health Study.

181 ice in the developing world that can improve farmer incomes and food security.

182 nge in low input systems will be modified if farmers intensify maize production with balanced nutrien

183 rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring farmers is characterized by an ancient divergence more t

184 Africa, P. megakarya poses a major threat to farmer livelihood and the stability of cocoa production.

185 ese animals contribute significant losses to farmers' livelihoods.

186 We present the results of 12,409 farmer-managed experimental plots of common bean (Phaseo

187 Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is being prom

188 d iron (Fe) and the effects of soil type and farmer management on extractable soil Zn and Fe and subs

189 and 66.67% versus 7.76% in conventional and farmers markets (P < 0.001).

190 arms' environment and their products sold in farmers markets and warrants taking necessary measures t

191 ction accompanied by recommendations to help farmers match the best variety with their field contexts

192 In order to maintain yields, farmers may be forced to change cultivation practices, t

193 We estimated that local farmers may experience severe economic losses of up to 2

194 We investigated how farmers' membership in three major social groups interac

195 in the peninsula, suggesting that expanding farmers mixed with local HGs.

196 costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of labour cost, outweighed the p

197 of shrimp aquaculture believe they know what farmers need to know and should be doing.

198 with their more hierarchical Bondongo fisher-farmer neighbors.

199 and include increase in yields, increase in farmers' net revenue and reduction in pesticide applicat

200 t is neither ancestral to the first European farmers nor has contributed substantially to the ancestr

201 come and labor demand, finding that contract farmers obtain higher incomes than their counterparts wi

202 y were more likely to be traders rather than farmers (odds ratio [OR], 6.15; 95% confidence interval

203 tributes, and the financial implications for farmers of a quality effect are less clear.

204 -90%) between the hunter-gatherers and early farmers of Anatolia and detect two distinct incoming anc

205 and synchronously after the arrival of early farmers of Anatolian origin [1-3], who largely replaced

206 The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware culture show high similarity in t

207 ta from five hunter-gatherers and five first farmers of Estonia whose remains date to 4,500 to 6,300

208 lethal crisis of the first Central European farmers of the Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik Culture

209 nuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic.

210 s of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean, and most of

211 n backyard and small-scale herds, where poor farmers often attempt to limit the disease's economic co

212 ration, tail docking, teeth clipping), which farmers often reluctant to avoid, claiming it would incr

213 cultivation, harvesting and dependence of a farmer on a crop - is known from fungi farmed by ants, t

214 l that simulates the decisions of individual farmers on what type of maize to grow.

215 , and 8.38% in chicken meat (P < 0.001) from farmers, organic, and conventional retail markets respec

216 keratitis was significantly associated with farmers (P = 0.0001), daily laborers (P = 0.0001), unemp

217 Although farmers plant refuges of non-Bt host plants to delay pes

218 ractions, and the important role subsistence farmers play in actively maintaining crop biodiversity a

219 ene: the northwestward movement of Anatolian farmer populations during the Neolithic and the westward

220 Compared to prevailing farmers' practice (FP), results suggest that CA-based ri

221 tion in N applications of 55-60% compared to farmers' practice and/or further 20% N saving compared w

222 Survey results indicate that high-yielding farmers produced 14% more grain compare to the regional

223 d Market Platform (UMP)-on market prices and farmers' profitability.

224 trol strategies failed to account for forest farmers' prolonged stays at forest farms/fields (61% dur

225 E. coli shared among farms, flies, dogs and farmers, providing direct evidence of carbapenem-resista

226 In some areas farmers receive remuneration for using specific strategi

227 elect more resistant individuals and to help farmers reduce parasite transmission by identifying and

228 ional post-harvest operations by smallholder farmers, reduce post-harvest losses and improve the qual

229 s without yield declines or economic harm to farmers, reducing the potential for pest resistance, non

230 ures show evidence for previously undetected farmer-related ancestry from different contact zones, wh

231 Europe by at least 2500 BC, whereas Iranian farmer-related ancestry was present in Aegean Europe by

232 A total of 1,186 (10.6%) farmers reported OI.

233 , and laboratory experiments showed that ant farmers representing subsequent domestication stages str

234 Vaccinating only farmers required 10 times as more vaccine doses for a si

235 zing on the explosion of data emanating from farmers, researchers, and the public, as novel sampling

236 The estimates describe how the farmers respond to altering climate and can be used for

237 Forty-six percent of enrolled farmers responded to the 2005-2010 interview; 7% of farm

238 Farmer responses to these outbreaks can slow down or acc

239 eople, testing for HIV was more common among farmers (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67-0.79) and students (0.73,

240 A farmer's decision on whether to control a pest is usuall

241 f the 18 basil populations were planted in a farmer's field, and the seed saturated (palmitic and ste

242 FMNR involves farmers selecting and managing natural regeneration on t

243 effort to improve the welfare of smallholder farmers, several governments have led major reforms in i

244 In an experimental approach, farmers shifted cattle herds away from the CHs during th

245 Mesolithic whereas all other European early farmers show greater genetic similarity to modern-day Sa

246 a from ancient hunter-gatherers and European farmers showed that the Kalash share genetic drift with

247 more control on application of pesticides by farmers, simple and effective postharvest practices by c

248 s showed that seed exchanges are embedded in farmers' social organization.

249 percentages of advancing (~75%) trends, but farmers' spring activities were the only group with rein

250 Trends in farmers' spring and summer activities were very likely/l

251 farming symbiosis, certain amoebas (termed "farmers") stably associate with bacterial partners.

252 r, but sizeable, contribution from Anatolian farmers, suggesting multiple admixture events between hu

253 Because farmers supply their crops with nutrients, they have the

254 A nationwide farmer survey (2.47 million responses) indicated tremend

255 We utilize data from smallholder farmer surveys from 12 countries with 30 years of rainfa

256 (e.g., federal crop insurance) and laggards (farmers that are slow to adopt) that fail to acknowledge

257 Cooperation between waste managers, the farmers that purchase the recovered products, and the po

258 Small-scale farmers - the overwhelming majority of poultry producers

259 reforms in improving market access for these farmers through online agricultural platforms.

260 By approximately 6,000-5,000 years ago, farmers throughout much of Europe had more hunter-gather

261 Transfer from the farmer to the child occurs indirectly, primarily through

262 tion of different exposure pathways from the farmer to their children can provide clear targets to re

263 l Authority could offer contracts to private farmers to change land use to increase dry-season water

264 g customized information, thus incentivizing farmers to contribute information to the system.

265 esistant 'mega' rice lines that will empower farmers to plant lines that are most likely to resist ri

266 ingle pulse of unidirectional gene flow from farmers to Pygmies, as previously suggested.

267 Effective control strategies can help farmers to reduce prevalence, but those most acceptable

268 rtunately, digestive health is difficult for farmers to routinely monitor in large farms due to many

269 ze, suggesting a substantial influx of early farmers to the island.

270 demic researchers, industry researchers, and farmers to understand and manage plant-microbiome intera

271 icultural ministries are often difficult for farmers to understand and use.

272 e, water, is more and more limited and force farmers to use new deficit irrigation (DI) strategies wi

273 pulations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 40 newly generated, low-coverage

274 During crop domestication, human farmers traded greater productivity for higher crop vuln

275 all ancestry derived from the island's early farmers until the first millennium BC, with the exceptio

276 modern-day flood mitigation efforts, ancient farmers used floodwaters to develop otherwise marginal l

277 enue does not significantly increase because farmers using irrigation spend significantly more than f

278 atest AHS follow-up (2013-2015) among 11,232 farmers, using farmers without HPEEs as the reference or

279 find that genetic diversity in the earliest farmers was conspicuously low, on a par with European fo

280 e find that mobility among European Holocene farmers was significantly higher than among European hun

281 N partial factor productivity (PFPN) of the farmers were 336.7 kg ha(-1), 8131.8 kg ha(-1) and 24.2

282 y markers and variety names as elicited from farmers were observed.

283 Pesticides used by farmers were recorded and classified as glyphosate, non-

284 gical intensification between scientists and farmers, which hinders its uptake.

285 The first was a 53-year old diabetic male farmer who presented with 2 nontender right eye scleral

286 Our findings show that farmers who adapt to climate change by planting improved

287 .3; 15 statistics, five studies] in homes of farmers who applied pesticides more recently or frequent

288 hic people were mostly descended from Aegean farmers who followed the Mediterranean route of dispersa

289 ore, UMP has generated a greater benefit for farmers who produce higher-quality commodities.

290 We also provide the first evidence that farmers who use neonicotinoid seed coatings reduce the n

291 riven by the rapid dispersal of Near Eastern farmers who, over a period of 3,500 years, brought food

292 opulation closely related to Early Neolithic farmers, who had colonized Europe 4000 years earlier.

293 data indicate interbreeding between incoming farmers, whose ancestors ultimately came from western An

294 me-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extractin

295 undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.

296 asma samples from orchard workers and cotton farmers with long-term exposure to organophosphorus pest

297 ntroduced to Britain by incoming continental farmers, with small, geographically structured levels of

298 w-up (2013-2015) among 11,232 farmers, using farmers without HPEEs as the reference or unexposed grou

299 rs of crop pests and may provide services to farmers worth billions of U.S. dollars.

300 ing yield gaps (that is, differences between farmers' yields and what are attainable for a given regi