ライフサイエンスコーパス: fluorination

1 tin nucleophiles exhibit no activity towards fluorination.

2 mining intramolecular 1,2-migration prior to fluorination.

3 use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination.

4 unced rate enhancement is achieved by distal fluorination.

5 ol purple) were synthesized by electrophilic fluorination.

6 nger intra- and intermolecular contacts upon fluorination.

7 idual reaction components in decarboxylative fluorination.

8 achieved on the basis of differing levels of fluorination.

9 efficient set of reaction conditions for the fluorination.

10 -light irradiation results in very efficient fluorination.

11 tructural complexity and current methods for fluorination.

12 electfluor effects mild, catalytic sp(3) C-H fluorination.

13 L-rhamnose scaffold with varying degrees of fluorination.

14 t precursor for nucleophilic aromatic [(18)F]fluorination.

15 s desirable for methylene but not for methyl fluorination.

16 act the efficiency of catalytic nucleophilic fluorination.

17 rity requirements necessary for S(N)Ar-based fluorination.

18 then cobalt(III) fluoride mediated gas phase fluorination.

19 ses as they allow for undirected C(sp(3) )-H fluorination.

20 atalyzed regio- and enantioselective allylic fluorination.

21 ecrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap with increasing fluorination.

22 e shift toward higher energy with increasing fluorination.

23 is likely the C-H activation step for methyl fluorination.

24 and electrophiles with different degrees of fluorination.

25 iously developed UV-mediated decarboxylative fluorinations.

26 within 1 hour with exclusive selectivity for fluorination adjacent to nitrogen.

27 The reaction produces 46% yield of fluorination after 24 h at moderate temperature of 82 de

28 ates a cyclization, an aryl migration, and a fluorination all in one step.

29 Fluorination also results in an enhanced tendency to agg

30 The increasing fluorination also significantly affected the intermolecu

31 We offer a mild, metal-free sp(3) C-H fluorination alternative using Selectfluor and a substoi

32 ults in a lower energetic span for methylene fluorination and a higher energetic span for methyl fluo

33 This new precursor enables the fluorination and chlorination of remote C-H bonds under

34 ems provide an alternative route to chemical fluorination and could enable the production of organofl

35 the allylic hydroxyl group of 3, followed by fluorination and deprotection, afforded the key intermed

36 lization is accomplished by a combination of fluorination and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of t

37 predicted to be selective, leading to 97% of fluorination and only 3% of elimination.

38 ymer-fullerene blends with differing polymer fluorination and photovoltaic performance.

39 ation and borylation reactions, although C-H fluorination and radical C-H arylation processes were no

40 e Au(I)-catalyzed halide exchange (including fluorination) and Csp2-O bond formation reactions utiliz

41 n, elimination, stereoselective epoxidation, fluorination, and oxidation-reduction sequence of the Vi

42 tramolecular hydrogen atom transfer, radical fluorination, and ultimate restoration of the enone.

43 Taken together, our fluorination approach enables the development of fluorin

44 that gamma-, beta-, homoallylic, and allylic fluorination are all possible and predictable through th

45 es are observed as the compounds increase in fluorination as well as upon exchange of the ancillary c

46 With fluorination at both 3- and 4-positions, matching or mis

47 The novel derivatives explore the effect of fluorination at different positions of two pyrimidine-ba

48 -substituted pyridines undergo high-yielding fluorination at room temperature using this reagent.

49 tigated for their abilities to promote rapid fluorination at silicon.

50 e explanation of the spurious effects of the fluorination at the different positions explored.

51 ort to compare the electronic effects of the fluorination at the methyl group.

52 Py.(HF) (x)-mediated fluorination at the tertiary sp(3)-C center of spiro-epo

53 (EC(50) = 1-100 nM) were subjected to (18)F-fluorination, autoradiography, and small-animal PET imag

54 ine-doped SiCDC at three different levels of fluorination, based on a hybrid reverse Monte Carlo cons

55 uggests that not only could strategic hapten fluorination be useful for improving upon the current co

56 assium fluoride (KF) is an ideal reagent for fluorination because it is safe, easy to handle and low-

57 ntribution to the timely problem of benzylic fluorination but also as a functional equivalent to a co

58 This Review summarizes advances in fluorination by C(sp(2) )-H and C(sp(3) )-H activation.

59 reaction scope, which demonstrates that the fluorination can be performed in the presence of a wide

60 spite tremendous progress within the area of fluorination chemistry, methods for the direct introduct

61 f areas ranging from sensing to nucleophilic fluorination chemistry.

62 anic chemistry, are currently on the rise in fluorination chemistry.

63 Organocatalytic fluorination, chlorination, and amination of the homo-Ro

64 t-mediated procedures can be used for remote fluorination, chlorination, and azidation, and were appl

65 n addition, we show that the decarboxylative fluorination conditions are readily adapted to radiofluo

66 is functional group is challenged by typical fluorination conditions of HF and strong oxidants.

67 d temperatures (i.e., more traditional halex fluorination conditions).

68 chanistic study of copper-promoted aliphatic fluorination, constructively turning O2 from an enemy to

69 ral design strategy, coupled with studies on fluorination, demonstrates a generalizable approach to c

70 cally investigate the influence of end-group fluorination density and positioning on the physicochemi

71 ted by precursors (primarily electrochemical fluorination-derived compounds), the estimated conversio

72 have proven to be effective for C(sp(3) )-H fluorination directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries

73 imple solution and introduce a deoxygenative fluorination (DOF) approach that utilizes easy-to-handle

74 We show that increasing fluorination dramatically increases binding to mammalian

75 t are typically inaccessible by nucleophilic fluorination due to competing elimination.

76 We report that alkyl group fluorination (e.g., CB[7].1-AdNH2Et versus CB[7].1-AdNH2

77 ied PFAS classes derive from electrochemical fluorination (ECF) processes, most of which have the sam

78 ted sulfonamide synthesis by electrochemical fluorination (ECF).

79 development affects the efficiency of (18)F-fluorination for a representative aryl boron reagent, an

80 A one-step oxidative fluorination for carbon-fluorine bond formation from wel

81 promote palladium-catalyzed beta-C(sp(3))-H fluorination for the first time.

82 Due to the fluorination, Franck-Condon states S1(FC) and S2(FC) are

83 )-H arylation and subsequent stereoselective fluorination from readily available L-alanine.

84 tion, gave a cyclohexane triflate, which, on fluorination, gave the all-cis 1,2,3-trifluoro-2-phenylc

85 l effect of fluorination, showing that while fluorination generates more hydrophilic carbon surfaces,

86 The first organomediated asymmetric (18)F fluorination has been accomplished using a chiral imidaz

87 ll, the field of late-stage nucleophilic C-H fluorination has progressed much more slowly, a state of

88 Asymmetric allylic fluorination has proven to be a robust and efficient met

89 developments in gold-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorinations have been covered.

90 l transformations, such as exchange (Swarts) fluorination, hydrodehalogenation, dehydrohalogenation,

91 In particular, the degree of fluorination in a radical precursor has a notable impact

92 xyl groups, is able to catalyze nucleophilic fluorination in combination with 18-crown-6 via two hydr

93 itates their chemical transformation through fluorination in order to be effective.

94 itation, can direct site-selective sp(3) C-H fluorination in terpenoid derivatives.

95 vation energy barriers are both decreased on fluorination, indicating weakened solid-fluid binding en

96 The C-H fluorination intermediate, LCuF, along with its chloride

97 arable accuracy and precision as the current fluorination-IRMS techniques in delta(18)O, delta(17)O,

98 Fluorination is a reaction that is useful in improving t

99 Fluorination is achieved by spin coating a poly(vinylide

100 he oxygen atom, site-selective photochemical fluorination is achieved on steroids and bioactive polyc

101 An enantioselective fluorination is employed, taking advantage of the method

102 n increase in apparent hydrophobicity due to fluorination is mediated by larger free energy barriers

103 first example of free amine gamma-C(sp(3))-H fluorination is realized using 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde

104 y, a state of play explaining why C-H (18) F-fluorination is still in its infancy.

105 Property tuning by fluorination is very effective for a number of purposes,

106 non-fluorinated polymers shows that backbone fluorination leads to an increase in the polymer ionizat

107 To date, radical C-H fluorinations mainly employ electrophilic N-F fluorinati

108 an unprecedented outer-sphere electrophilic fluorination mechanism.

109 The scope and efficiency of this new C-H fluorination method are significantly better than those

110 oro-beta-ketosulfides using an electrophilic fluorination method has been reported for the first time

111 This operationally simple, redox-neutral fluorination method is amenable to a wide variety of car

112 Given the importance of generally applicable fluorination methodologies, the use of TFHZ-Tfs thus cre

113 Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules mor

114 be overcome to increase the impact of modern fluorination methods on the synthesis of complex organof

115 ative lipophilicity modulations of aliphatic fluorination motifs.

116 nriched alkylcarbastannatranes are employed, fluorination occurs predominately via a stereoinvertive

117 Herein we report that excess oxidative fluorination of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide with a KF/Cl2 /

118 synthetic strategy involves stereoselective fluorination of 3,4-trans-4,5-cis-3-aroyl-5-arylparaconi

119 idine amination can be adapted for selective fluorination of a broad range of nitrogen heterocycles.

120 of (18)F-DOPA, which relies on nucleophilic fluorination of a diaryliodonium salt precursor, lie in

121 This synthesis featured fluorination of a novel prosthetic group, followed by a

122 e data are consistent with a stereoretentive fluorination of a P(2)Pt-alkyl cation intermediate.

123 h-molar-activity [(18)F]FDOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a pinacol boronate (BPin) precursor.

124 This procedure is applied to the SNAr fluorination of a range of electron-deficient aryl and h

125 cable and safe method for the site-selective fluorination of a single carbon-hydrogen bond in pyridin

126 cular orbital (LUMO) energy level due to the fluorination of A units.

127 allows for the room-temperature Pd-catalyzed fluorination of a variety of activated (hetero)aryl trif

128 reversal of regioselectivity in nucleophilic fluorination of a wide range of spiro-epoxyoxindoles has

129 r the regioselective photochemical sp(3) C-H fluorination of acetonide ketals that presents interesti

130 e used to investigate the mechanism by which fluorination of acetylnitrene reduces the stabilization

131 The silver-catalyzed fluorination of aliphatic carboxylic acids by Selectfluo

132 t a catalytic enantioselective electrophilic fluorination of alkenes to form tertiary and quaternary

133 We disclose a novel radical strategy for the fluorination of alkyl bromides via the merger of silyl r

134 ation of potassium fluoride for nucleophilic fluorination of alkyl halides is an important challenge

135 es more efficient than 18C6 for nucleophilic fluorination of alkyl halides.

136 A chemoselective catalytic fluorination of alkyl triflates is described using potas

137 The analogous Cu-F reagent was suitable for fluorination of allyl chlorides.

138 An enantioselective fluorination of allylic alcohols under chiral anion phas

139 ontext of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed fluorination of allylic alcohols using aryl boronic acid

140 and radical capture was leveraged to enable fluorination of allylic and benzylic C-H bonds and alpha

141 nomical approach to the stereoselective beta-fluorination of alpha,beta-unsaturated systems.

142 of this approach with the direct asymmetric fluorination of alpha-substituted cyclohexanones to gene

143 The reaction proceeds via an electrophilic fluorination of alpha-sulfenyl-beta-diketones followed b

144 y diastereoselective (>98% de) electrophilic fluorination of amide enolates.

145 The new process has enabled the fluorination of an array of aryl and heteroaryl amines.

146 m reactions have also been developed for the fluorination of arenes and aryl bromides through arylbor

147 se a mild method for the fluorine-18 ((18)F)-fluorination of aromatic C-H bonds by an [(18)F]F(-) sal

148 Fluorination of aromatic side chains has been suggested

149 radioligands using the copper-mediated (18)F-fluorination of aryl boron reagents with (18)F-fluoride

150 reaction design, a Pd-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination of aryl bromides and iodides has been devel

151 paper describes the room-temperature S(N)Ar fluorination of aryl halides and nitroarenes using anhyd

152 mmunication describes a mild copper-mediated fluorination of aryl stannanes and aryl trifluoroborates

153 halogen exchange (halex) nucleophilic (18)F-fluorination of aryl-OCHFCl, -OCF2Br and -SCF2Br precurs

154 ommunication describes the Cu(OTf)2-mediated fluorination of aryltrifluoroborates with KF.

155 An efficient protocol for the selective fluorination of benzylic C-H bonds is described.

156 ntinuous-flow protocol for the light-induced fluorination of benzylic compounds is presented.

157 mmunication describes a mild, amide-directed fluorination of benzylic, allylic, and unactivated C-H b

158 direct, copper-catalyzed, auxiliary-assisted fluorination of beta-sp(2) C-H bonds of benzoic acid der

159 An alternative approach to selective fluorination of biaryls is to couple an arene that alrea

160 A strategy for last-step (18)F fluorination of bioconjugated peptides is reported that

161 roids, and it can also be applied toward the fluorination of carbamates.

162 ily and to perform site- and stereoselective fluorination of complex organic molecules.

163 raightforward and practical (18)F late-stage fluorination of complex small molecules with potential f

164 de a leap forward in the design of selective fluorination of complex substrates that should be releva

165 The origin of selectivity in the alpha-fluorination of cyclic ketones catalyzed by cinchona alk

166 A method for the palladium-catalyzed fluorination of cyclic vinyl triflates has been develope

167 Aromatic [(18)F]fluorination of drug-like small molecules is particularl

168 omatic substitution (CRA-S(N)Ar) enables the fluorination of electron-rich arenes with (19)F(-) and (

169 n of the desired product in the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of electron-rich, non-ortho-substituted ary

170 tion catalyst system, suffers from undesired fluorination of electronically rich PODs resulting in an

171 ar dynamic calculations reveal that backbone fluorination of F-P3EHT leads to an extended rod-like si

172 These CENCs proved efficacious in the fluorination of hindered silicon substrates, with fluori

173 f colitis-associated dysplasia after in situ fluorination of inflammatory macrophages in a mouse mode

174 to be superhydrophobic despite only partial fluorination of its organic backbone.

175 The present study shows that controlled fluorination of LMNMe2 (L = PhC(N(t)Bu)2, M = Ge, Sn) us

176 A direct alpha-fluorination of N-acyloxazolidinones based on the unique

177 y-efficient alternative for asymmetric alpha-fluorination of N-acyloxazolidinones.

178 port a redox-neutral method for nucleophilic fluorination of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters using an Ir

179 This paper describes the fluorination of nitrogen heterocycles using anhydrous NB

180 s allows efficient and regioselective [(18)F]fluorination of non-activated aromatic moieties.

181 The fluorination of organic molecules is a rapidly evolving

182 xes were shown to be active in the catalytic fluorination of p-toluoyl chloride.

183 ides provide a new handle for site-selective fluorination of peptides, thus installing a specific pro

184 selection of spacer cations (i.e., selective fluorination of phenethylammonium) affects the film prop

185 diastereoselective cation-olefin cyclization/fluorination of polyene substrates.

186 Side-chain fluorination of polymers is demonstrated as a highly eff

187 lly stable cis configurations resulting from fluorination of positions ortho to the azo group are rep

188 A catalytic method for the nucleophilic fluorination of propargylic electrophiles is described.

189 The Ir-catalyzed enantioselective fluorination of racemic, branched allylic trichloroaceti

190 We herein describe the asymmetric fluorination of racemic, secondary allylic electrophiles

191 nium compounds play a pivotal role in (18) F-fluorination of radiopharmaceuticals containing non-acti

192 as redox photocatalysts for decarboxylative fluorination of several carboxylic acids showcases the p

193 ionic compounds was granted by electrophilic fluorination of sigma-sydnone Pd(II) precursors in the p

194 xplore in detail the iron-catalyzed benzylic fluorination of substrates containing aromatic rings and

195 Fluorination of the aminoisoquinoline reduced the basici

196 Catalytic fluorination of the aromatic ring has also been investig

197 emical properties and biological activity as fluorination of the azobenzene core alters not only the

198 Electrophilic fluorination of the beta-ketosulfonamides using Selectfl

199 Methods:(18)F-FHNP was synthesized by fluorination of the corresponding nitro precursor, follo

200 ble, highly energetic material formed by the fluorination of the dinitramide anion using NF4(+) salts

201 ly, a 400-fold rate enhancement is seen upon fluorination of the distal arene ring, arising from favo

202 charge generation, and charge transport, as fluorination of the donor polymer optimizes the band ali

203 Our results suggest that half-fluorination of the GaBi honeycomb under tensile strain

204 The most successful modifications involved fluorination of the nucleoside that provided substantial

205 ogues were subsequently obtained through the fluorination of the piperidinemethanols using DAST.

206 In the ideal case, the (18)F fluorination of these substrates would be performed thro

207 Further electrophilic fluorination of this species yields the difluorovinylide

208 The fluorination of unactivated C(sp(3) )-H bonds remains a

209 his study presents a technique for selective fluorination of various carboxylic acids by exposure to

210 t and highly regioselective protocol for the fluorination of vinyl triflates.

211 chievements made in the iodine(iii) mediated fluorinations of aliphatic Csp(2)-carbon atoms with spec

212 n atom abstraction catalyst that can mediate fluorinations of certain alkanes upon activation with vi

213 synthesized in order to study the effect of fluorination on bulk thermal stability.

214 ations, to elucidate the impacts of backbone fluorination on morphology and excitonic coupling on the

215 are used to gain insight into the effect of fluorination on the field dependence of free charge-carr

216 With this method, the influence of fluorination on the lipophilicity of fluorinated aliphat

217 favoring ArF-ArH interactions, and (ii) the fluorination pattern of the ArF ring, with 2,3,4,5,6-pen

218 For these orthogonal processes, the fluorination pattern of the substrate enabled the ligand

219 derstood) to HCA are, despite differences in fluorination pattern, indistinguishable; they nonetheles

220 an in-depth study of the effects of various fluorination patterns on their properties, such as lipop

221 hit, followed by an exploration of tolerated fluorination positions, allowed us to identify 9 (JNJ-64

222 The (18) F-fluorination precursors are readily prepared from aryl c

223 nary mechanistic investigations suggest that fluorination proceeds via copper acetylides and that cat

224 Therefore, this facile surface fluorination process brings huge benefit to both the exi

225 We show that LiFSI allows avoiding the fluorination process of the silicon particles surface up

226 Here we developed a surface fluorination process to form a homogeneous and dense LiF

227 ntentional byproducts in the electrochemical fluorination process used for polyfluorinated sulfonamid

228 mands the development of efficient catalytic fluorination processes.

229 This transition-metal-free fluorination protocol tolerates a broad range of functio

230 thway is operable in this broadly applicable fluorination protocol.

231 ed with established asymmetric electrophilic fluorination protocols.

232 Fluorination provides better stability for biological ap

233 y efficient diastereoselective electrophilic fluorination reaction (94% yield; >50:1 dr).

234 In addition, a regioselective fluorination reaction allows access to the desired 3'-fl

235 nched-chain amino acids via the same radical fluorination reaction and evaluated tumor uptake in U-87

236 describe the first catalytic decarboxylative fluorination reaction based on the nucleophilic fluoride

237 mild and selective photocatalytic C-H (18)F-fluorination reaction has been developed that provides d

238 Mechanistic studies suggest that this fluorination reaction occurs through facile oxidation of

239 l translation of a modern palladium-mediated fluorination reaction to non-human primate (NHP) baboon

240 The first catalytic allylic C-H fluorination reaction using a nucleophilic fluoride sour

241 The fluorination reaction was performed in a mixture of thex

242 When the fluorination reaction was performed with Cs2CO3 as base,

243 In studying the fluorination reaction, we have shown that the catalyst c

244 gioselectivities in this palladium-catalyzed fluorination reaction.

245 ssay examines the recent surge in late-stage fluorination reactions and outlines challenges that need

246 The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or

247 The use of metal complexes to promote fluorination reactions is of great current interest, but

248 in, we report selective C-H chlorination and fluorination reactions promoted by an electron-deficient

249 Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictabi

250 As with several previous palladium-catalyzed fluorination reactions using fluoride salts, controlling

251 Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that i

252 in nucleophilic aromatic and aliphatic (18)F-fluorination reactions, obviating the need for azeotropi

253 rbastannatrane nucleophiles in site-specific fluorination reactions.

254 Here, we report the C(sp(3))-H fluorination reactivity of a formally copper(III) fluori

255 The DMPU/HF complex is a new nucleophilic fluorination reagent that has high acidity and is compat

256 sforms [(18)F]fluoride into an electrophilic fluorination reagent, provides access to aryl-(18)F bond

257 luorinations mainly employ electrophilic N-F fluorination reagents but a unique Mn(III) -catalyzed ox

258 jority of known methods employ electrophilic fluorination reagents, but methods combining a nucleophi

259 Fluorination represents an important strategy in develop

260 and microwave-assisted, palladium-catalyzed fluorination sequence.

261 We demonstrate an apparent dual effect of fluorination, showing that while fluorination generates

262 ces, the molecule with the highest degree of fluorination shows a hole mobility of 0.15 cm(2)/V.s and

263 ene as a significant co-product of the final fluorination step.

264 steps of the synthesis were an electrophilic fluorination/stereospecific hydrogenation sequence of a

265 steps via a one-pot lithiation-electrophilic fluorination strategy.

266 We place special emphasis on a particular fluorination strategy.

267 Kinetic studies on methyl fluorination suggest that the substrate and PdL are invo

268 ulated or probed indirectly in photochemical fluorination systems) and, consequently, have provided k

269 ementary nature of this strategy to existing fluorination technologies.

270 lfonamide ligands with different patterns of fluorination--that we use to define enthalpy/entropy (H/

271 In the realm of aliphatic fluorination, the problem of reactivity has been very su

272 form of a highly regio- and stereoselective fluorination; the sulfonyl oxygen atoms are proposed to

273 of the difficulty associated with selective fluorination, this class of molecules represent a formid

274 for the oxidative addition step in methylene fluorination, thus uncovering a potential new role of th

275 oup, a range of acyclic substrates underwent fluorination to afford highly enantioenriched alpha-fluo

276 ns of the nucleoside was performed by direct fluorination to enhance activity and improve drug dispos

277 d problem of selectivity, that is, directing fluorination to specific sites in complex molecules, rem

278 are two competing forces: one directing the fluorination to take place ortho to the boronic acid and

279 also propose that the previously determined fluorination trend at W6.48 is likely due to a sulfur-pi

280 nmentally friendly alternative for selective fluorination under mild conditions.

281 ut a unique Mn(III) -catalyzed oxidative C-H fluorination using fluoride has been developed.

282 closed a new approach towards the metal-free fluorination using selectfluor and the C=C bond cleavage

283 NBu4F compare favorably to traditional halex fluorinations using alkali metal fluorides, which genera

284 The desired selectivity of fluorination was achieved using an unorthodox protecting

285 he range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diver

286 Methods: Using a photocatalytic radical fluorination, we prepared a series of 11 fluorinated bra

287 ificant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- an

288 ation and a higher energetic span for methyl fluorination, which is consistent with the experimental

289 ly the oxidative addition step for methylene fluorination, while it is likely the C-H activation step

290 lts are used as phase-transfer catalysts for fluorination with alkali metal fluorides.

291 investigated by DFT calculations to compare fluorination with chlorination, proving a larger thermod

292 NMe4F is generally more cost-effective than fluorination with CsF.

293 yst system, simple olefin substrates undergo fluorination with Et3N.3HF in good yields with high bran

294 s, this work presents an improved method for fluorination with KF salt.

295 Recently, enantioselective nucleophilic fluorination with metal alkali fluoride has been accompl

296 imidazole derivatives through electrophilic fluorination with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide enabled via

297 cost analysis is presented, which shows that fluorination with NMe4F is generally more cost-effective

298 nsive summary of the effects of carbohydrate fluorination with regard to changes in physical, chemica

299 ionobenzodioxoles, followed by desulfurative fluorination with silver(I) fluoride.

300 ination of hindered silicon substrates, with fluorination yields dependent on the length of linker co